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Focuses on the sex- and age-specific distribution, abundance and habitat preferences of wintering Harlequin Ducks. Potential biases in measuring ratios of immature males to adult males; Estimation of recruitment rates.

Provides information on a study which classified the Harlequin Duck's mating system and explored which aspects of the mating system could explain any sex-biased philopatry of Harlequin's Ducks to their wintering grounds. Methods; Results and discussion.

Describes the plumage changes of male harlequin ducks. Timing of molt; Chronology of returning of male harlequin ducks; Function of drab basic plumage; Intra-sexual competition among males to assess the quality of rival males.

Focuses on male ducks' plumage into sexually dichromatic species, examinging the relationship between the timing and speed of moult into this plumage, and the mating success of harlequin ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus). Description of research methods utilized; Statistical data on distribution of relative moult speed and timing of unpaired and paired ducks; Conclusions of this research.