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Milach, Elisa Machado, Martins, Luciano De P., Costa, Maria Kátia Matiotti Da, Gottschalk, Marco Silva, Oliveira, Gabriel Lobregat De, Redü, Darlan Rutz, Neutzling, Alexandre Schneid, Dornelles, José Eduardo Figueiredo, Vasconcellos, Lucas Azevedo, Zefa, Edison (2015): A new species of tree crickets (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Oecanthinae) in tobacco plantation from Southern Brazil, with body color variation. Zootaxa 4018 (2): 266-278, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.243123

Oecanthus pictus Milach & Zefa, n. sp. Type material. Holotype ♂: Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, S��o Louren��o do Sul, S��o Jo��o da Reserva, 31 �� 17 ��� 39.43 ������S, 52 ��09���02.76������W, 19.iii. 2011, D.R. Red�� leg., calling song R07 (OSF), MZUSP. Paratypes: same data of Holotype (10 ♂, 5 ♀, MZUSP). Same data 19.iii. 2011. A.S. Neutzling, D.R. Red�� & G.L. Oliveira leg. / R01, R04, R05, R 18 (4 ♂, MZUSP). Same data 20.iii. 2011. A.S. Neutzling, D.R. Red�� & G.L. Oliveira leg. / GG05, GG07, GG09, R06, R08, R09, R 11, R 12, R 13, R 14, R 15, R 17, R 19, R 20, R 21, R 22, R 25, R 26, GG06, GG 10, GG 11, GG 12, GG 14 (23 ♂, MZUSP). Same data 21.iii. 2011. A.S. Neutzling, D.R. Red�� & G.L. Oliveira leg. / R 29 (1 ♂, MZUSP). Same data 26.iii. 2011, A.S. Neutzling, D.R. Red�� & G.L. Oliveira leg. / W01, W02, W03, W04, W06, W07, W08, W09, W 10, W 11 (10 ♂, MZUSP). Same data 27.iii. 2011. Neutzling, D.R. Red�� & G.L. Oliveira leg. / W 12, W 14 (2 ♂, MZUSP). Same data 19.iii. 2011. Neutzling, D.R. Red�� & G.L. Oliveira leg. / (41 ♂, 5 ♀, INPA). Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the black dots on body and appendages (from latim pictus = dotted). Diagnosis. Combination of the following characteristics: paired postocular lines; L-shaped pedicel mark; tibia I and II proximal to distal marked with three dots, followed by an incomplete ring, plus three dots and four pairs of dots; abdomen tergites with a pair of transversal strips reducing in intensity backward; scutum posterior median lobe indented; pseudepiphallic main lobe V-shaped indented; endophallic sclerite anteriorly bifurcated, outer branch truncated; ectophallic sclerite posteriorly V-shaped. Description, male holotype (Figs 5���12). Body slender, light green, punctulated; Head glabrous; clypeus and labrum whitish; gena with pigmentar strips; frons with bristles; ecdysial suture pigmented, with short bristles; group of bristles above the eyes; occiput with a pair of parallel stripes posterior each eyes; green eyes in vivo, but black eyes outlined of depigmented ommatidia when fixed in alcohol, depigmented ommatidia where lies the scape; ocelli absent; J-shaped marked scape, L-shaped marked pedicel, antennae flagellum alternating four times two thinner pingmentar ring with a thicker one, pattern is lost toward apex; maxillary palpi moderately elongate with five joints, first and second subequal, smaller than the other three, marked with an incomplete pigmentar ring, third to fifth subequal, third with ventral strip, fourth with incomplete basal ring, and ventral strip, fifth fusiform, depressed at inner, with incomplete basal ring, and an apical diagonal complete ring; labial palpi three-jointed, gradual increase in size toward apex, pigmentar mark at apex, third claviform, incomplete pigmentar ring at base and apex. Thorax: pronotum slightly pubescent, pigmented, translucent, longer as wider, bristles on the border; tegmina translucent, longer than the abdome; hindwings short, reaching first two abdominal tergites; femur I dotted in dorsal face; tibia I proximal to distal marked with three dots, followed by an incomplete ring, plus three dots and four pairs of dots, unarmed, swollen near base and mounted each side with an elongated-oval tympanum, inner longer (0.44mm) than the outer (0.35mm); tarsus I three-jointed, basitarsus lighter and longer than two others together; leg II with the same pattern of leg I, without tympanum; femur III dotted in dorsal face; tibia III same marks pattern of tibia I, serrulated, armed with three pairs of subapical spurs tipped with black; there are black spines between subapical spurs; three apical spurs at outer and four at inner face of the tibia III; basitarsus longer than the two others together, armed with two subequal, apical, tipped with black spurs; the median tarsus the smallest. Abdomen: tergites with a pair of transversal strips reducing in intensity backward; cerci slender, shorter (2.25mm) than the abdomen (5.86mm), marked with a subapical light brown ring; supranal plate translucent, rounded posteriorly, margin with long bristles; subgenital plate rounded posteriorly, with short lateral protuberance. Metanotal Gland (Figs 9, 13��� 14) pit wide, scutum with a pair of inflated protuberance, each including a tuft of bristles projected medio-anteriorly (Fig. 13, a), a dense tuft of long bristles projected medio-posteriorly (Fig. 13, b), and a tuft of short bristles projected dorso-posteriorly (Fig. 13, c); posterior median lobe with median indentation, pubescent (Fig. 14, pml); scuto-scutellar suture slightly sinuous, without bristles (Fig. 13, ss); scutellum with latero-posterior bristles. Measurements cavity area 0.47mm ��; scutum area 0.89mm ��; scutellum area 0.34mm ��; total gland length 1mm; total gland width 1.43mm; scutum lenght 0.75mm; scutum width 1mm; scutellum length 0.25mm; scutellum width 1.28mm. Right Tegmen (Fig. 10). Lateral field width, 3.42mm; lateral field length, 6.83mm; 12 acessory veins; dorsal field projected beyond abdomen; basal area reduced, including veins 1 A, 2 A, 3 A and Cu 2, last forming the file with 47 teeth (Fig. 7); file length, 0.86mm; chordal area bearing the veins 2 A, 1 A e Cu 2; harpa area, 3.42mm ��, harp with three cross veins slightly sinuous; mirror area, 8.65mm ��, mirror with two straight cross veins; apical area reduced. Calling song (Figs 15���17). Field recorded in 19.iii. 2011, at 19 h 30, ambient temperature at 14 ��C; trill with dominant frequency of 2422 Hz, pulse period of 0.037 s, and pulse rate of 28 pulses/second. Observations in Paratypes. There were four groups of body color pattern in O. pictus n. sp.: group 1, light yellow-green, and very light dotts (Fig. 1); group 2, light green, and dark dotts (Fig. 2); group 3, green, and dotts darker than group 2 (Fig. 3); and group 4, green-brown, and dotts more intense than the group 3 (Fig. 4). Legs I, II and III punctulated (Figs 23���25); tibiae I and II proximal to distal (dorsal view) with three marks forming, followed by an incomplete ring, plus three marks, and then three or four pairs of marks (Fig. 25, a���g), some individuals showed failures in the pair marks formation. Antennae. Scape and pedicel marks varying in the shape and pigmentation marks (Fig. 27). Phallic sclerites (Figs 28���38). Pseudepiphallic main lobe slightly inflated with V-median indentation; pseudepiphallic apodemes present; rami prolonged laterally, and fused posteriorly; lateral endophallic sclerite posteriorly bilobed, anteriorly bifurcated, with outer branch truncated (Figs 29, 30, 37, 38, arrow); ectophallic sclerite posteriorly V-bifurcate with inner branches forming an ectophallic fold, and outer placed between endophallic lobes. Male and Female body Measurements. Tab. 1. Right Tegmen Measurements. Dorsal field length 7.8mm �� 0.33 (7.1���8.7, n= 47); dorsal field width 3.6mm �� 0.17 (3.3���4, n= 47); lateral field acessory veins 11.2 �� 0.97 veins (9���13, n= 36); mirror area 10.1mm �� �� 0.93 (8.2���12.2, n= 47); harp area 4.3mm �� �� 0.39 (3.2���5 n= 41); file length 1.1mm �� 0.06 (0.8���2.6, n= 50); file teeth number 46 �� 3.64 (39���49, n= 45). The table 2 presents right tegmen measurements comparing the four groups of O. pictus n. sp. We carried out a Principal Component Analysis comparing of the tegmen measurements in the four groups deffined by the body colour of specimens, and no differences were seen (component one 90.7 %, and component two 7.6 %) (Fig. 39). Structure/Groups 1, n= 12 2, n= 12 3, n= 11 4, n= 6 Average Metanotal Gland Measurements ( n= 86). Metanotal gland length, 1.2mm �� 0.07 (1.1���1.4); metanotal gland width, 1.5mm ��0,08 (1.2���1.7); cavity area 0.57mm �� ��0,15 (0.45���0.65); scutum area 1.1mm �� �� 0.08 (0.9���1.3mm ��); scutellum area 0.42mm �� �� 0.04 (0.31���0.52); scutum length 0.88mm �� 0.06 (0.76���1.11); scutum width 1.5mm �� 0.08 (1.2���1.7); scutellum length 0.36mm �� 0.03 (0.28���0.45); scutellum width 1.3mm �� 0.06 (1.1���1.5). The table 3 presents metanotal gland measurements comparing the four groups of O. pictus n. sp. The comparison of the tegmen measurements shows no difference in the four groups (Principal Component Analysis: component one 68.8 %, and componente two 19.7 %) (Fig. 40). Calling song (Figs 18���19). Individuals recorded: Group 1: R04 and R05; Group 2: SP04, GG06, GG 10, GG 11, GG 12, R01, R 11, R 13, R 18, R 21, R 25, R 29, W02, W07, W08, W 11, W 12 and W 14; Group 3: GG05, GG07, GG09, R06, R09, R 12, R 15, R 17, R 19, R 20, R 22, R 26, W01, W03, W04, W06, W09 and W 10; Group 4: SP06, GG 14, R08 and R 14. There were significant positive effect of temperature on pulse rate (F1,39= 717.58, pFemale (Figs 41���49). Body color and dotts pattern similar to males; supranal and subgenital plates as Figures 48 and 49, respectively; ovipositor apex denticulated (Figs 42���47); Measurements, Tab. 1. Habitat. Same as O. lineolatus and O. pallidus (Zefa et al. 2012)., Published as part of Milach, Elisa Machado, Martins, Luciano De P., Costa, Maria K��tia Matiotti Da, Gottschalk, Marco Silva, Oliveira, Gabriel Lobregat De, Red��, Darlan Rutz, Neutzling, Alexandre Schneid, Dornelles, Jos�� Eduardo Figueiredo, Vasconcellos, Lucas Azevedo & Zefa, Edison, 2015, A new species of tree crickets (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Oecanthinae) in tobacco plantation from Southern Brazil, with body color variation, pp. 266-278 in Zootaxa 4018 (2) on pages 268-274, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.243123, {"references":["Zefa, E., Neutzling, A. S., Redu, D. R., Oliveira, G. L. & Martins, L. P. (2012) A new species of Oecanthus and Oecanthus lineolatus Saussure, 1897 from Southern Brazil: species description, including phallic sclerites, metanotal glands and calling song (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Oecanthinae). Zootaxa, 3360, 53 - 67."]}

Oecanthus pallidus Zefa, n. sp. (Fig. 1, 2) Etymology. The specific epithet refers to pale body color. Holotype. Male; Brazil, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Municipality of S��o Louren��o do Sul, district of S��o Jo��o da Reserva, 31 �� 17 ��� 39.43 ������S, 52 ��09���02.76������W, 12 /ii/ 2012, A. S. Neutzling leg. Paratypes. 12 adult males, 12 /ii/ 2012; Brazil, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Municipality of S��o Louren��o do Sul, district of S��o Jo��o da Reserva, 31 �� 17 ��� 39.43 ������S, 52 ��09���02.76������W, A.S. Neutzling leg. Description. Male (Fig. 1). Body slender and pale green. Head pale-yellow and glabrous; clypeus and labrum whitish; maxillary palpi moderately elongate with five joint, first and second joints smaller then the other three, third to fifth joints subequal in size, latter fusiform and depressed at inner side (Fig. 5); joints of labial palpi with gradual increase in size toward apex; scape and pedicel marked by a longitudinal black line outlined in white; moderately prominent greenish-white eyes (Fig. 7), ocelli absent. Pronotum slightly pubescent with slender bristles on the border; tibiae I unarmed, swollen near base and mounted each side with an elongated-oval tympanum (Fig. 9, t); three-jointed tarsi I, basitarsus longer than two others together; tibiae and tarsi II same as tibiae I, without tympanum; femur III uniformly whitish green; tibiae III armed above on each margin with a row of small spines; three to five inner and three to five outer subapical spurs; there are spines between subapical spurs; three apical spurs at outer side (Fig. 11, a���c) and four at inner side of the tibiae (Fig. 12, d���g); spurs and spines tipped with black; proximal joint of the tarsi III longer than the two others, the middle joint is the smallest one. Tegmina little sclerotinized (Fig. 13), projecting beyond the abdomen; dorsal field translucent allowing to see hindwings; three crossveins in the harp and two in the mirror; file teeth number 32.8 �� 1.2 (31���34, n = 6); hindwings caudate. Scutum of the metanotal gland with two pairs of bristles tuft (Fig. 15, tb); posterior median lobe of scutum as Fig. 15, pml; no bristles on scutum and scutellun at scutoscutellar suture (Fig. 15, ss); scutellun as Fig. 15, St; greenish-white abdomen tergites, sternites lighter then tergites, cerci slender, pale-green, tipped with black; supra-anal and subgenital plates as Fig. 18, 20, respectively. Male phallic sclerites. Median ectophallic sclerite connected to the dorsal cavity; lateral endophallic sclerite posteriorly bilobed and anteriorly bifurcated, inner branch slightly connected to ectophallic sclerite; ectophallic sclerite posteriorly bifurcate with inner branch connected forming an ectophallic fold, and outer placed between posterior lobes of the endophallic sclerite; main lobe of pseudepiphallus triangular and projecting posteriorly (Fig. 26), with a median U-shaped invagination; rami fused proximad, pseudepiphallic apodemes present. Male body measurements (in mm, n = 9). Body length 10.9 �� 0.8 (9.7���10.9); head width 1.5 �� 0.05 (1.4���1.5); inter ocelli width 0.6 �� 0.1 (0.5���0.6); pronotum length 1.7 �� 0.1 (1.5���1.7); pronotum width 1.6 �� 0.1 (1.5���1.6); hind femur length 7.6 �� 0.4 (6.9���7.6); hind tibia length 8.5 �� 0.5 (7.7���8.5); tegmen length 11.1 �� 0.4 (10.6���11.6, n= 6). Holotype calling song (Fig. 31, 33). 12.ii. 2012, 0h02min; 16 ��C; field recorded; dominant frequency 2184 Hz; chirp duration 1.98 s; chirp period 5.29 s; pulses per chirp 83; pulse rate 43; chirp rate 11.4. Paratypes calling song data, and relationship between frequency/pulse-rate and pulse-rate/temperature showed in Tab. 1, Figs. 35���36, respectively. Female (Fig. 2). Similar to male with the following exceptions: slightly larger in size, ovipositor rather robust, tipped with black (Fig. 37); subgenital and supra-anal plates as Fig. 39, 40, respectively; body measurements (in mm, n = 3): body length 11.1 �� 0.7 (10.3���11.8); head width 1.5 �� 0.01 (1.52���1.55); inter ocelli width 0.7 �� 0.05 (0.6���0.7); pronotum length 1.8 �� 0.2 (1.7���2); pronotum width 1.6 �� 0.1 (1.6���1.7); femur III length 7.9 �� 0.45 (7.3���8.2); tibia III length 8.9 �� 0.42 (8.5���9.4); ovipositor length 4.7 �� 0.31 (4.4���4.9). Diagnosis. Resulting from the combination of characteristics that follow: head pale-yellow and subtly contrasting with whitish-green body color, greenish-white eyes; scape and pedicel both marked by a white spot bearing a longitudinal black line; metanotal gland features as Fig. 15; file teeth number 32.8 �� 1.2 (31���34, n = 6); calling song at 16 ��C (dominant frequency 2184 Hz; chirp duration 1.98 s; chirp period 5.29 s; pulses per chirp 83; pulse rate 43; chirp rate 11.4), considering relationship between dominant frequency/pulse-rate and pulse rate/temperature; hindwings caudate. Depository. Holotype male and six paratypes will be kept at Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de S��o Paulo (MZUSP). Six paratypes will be deposited at collection of the Departamento de Zoologia e Gen��tica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel)., Published as part of Zefa, Edison, Neutzling, Alexandre Schneid, Red��, Darlan Rutz, Oliveira, Gabriel Lobregat De & Martins, Luciano De Pinho, 2012, A new species of Oecanthus and Oecanthus lineolatus Saussure, 1897 from Southern Brazil: species description, including phallic sclerites, metanotal glands and calling song (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Oecanthinae), pp. 53-67 in Zootaxa 3360 on pages 55-56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209856

Oecanthus lineolatus Saussure Oecanthus lineolatus Saussure, 1897: 254. Type locality: Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul. A male labeled as syntype in Mus��um d'histoire naturelle de Gen��ve. Male (Fig. 3). Differs from O. pallidus n. sp. by body color, being slightly darker as pale-green, pale-green head with yellow eyes (Fig. 6, 8); femur III translucent/pale-green variegated (Fig. 10); file teeth number 47 �� 2.2 (42���51, n = 18); hindwings non caudate; metanotal gland scutum with two pairs of bristles Fig. 16, tb; posterior median lobe of scutum as Fig. 16, pml; no bristles on scutum and scutellun at scutoscutellar suture (Fig. 16, ss); scutellun as Fig. 16, St; supra-anal and subgenital plates as Fig. 17, 19, respectively; main lobe of pseudepiphallus lenticularshaped, projecting posteriorly (Fig. 27). Male body measurements (in mm, n = 32). Body length 12.4 �� 1.3 (10.4���15.1); head width: 1.7 �� 0.05 (1.6���1.8); inter ocelli width: 0.7 �� 0.1 (0.5���0.8); pronotum length 2.2 �� 0.1 (2.02���2.5); pronotum width: 2 �� 0.1 (1.8���2.2); hind femur length: 7.8 �� 0.3 (7.4���8.4); hind tibia length��� 8.3 �� 0.3 (7.7���8.9); tegmen length 12.1 �� 0.3 (11.4���12.6, n = 15). Male phallic sclerites (Fig. 21���25; 27���30). Similar to O. pallidus n. sp., differing in main body of pseudepiphallus. Calling song (Fig. 32, 34). 20.ii.2011, 21h; 16 ��C; field recorded; dominant frequency 2570 Hz; chirp duration 0.88 s; chirp period 2.91 s; pulses per chirp 34; pulse rate 39; chirp rate 20.4. Individuals data, and relationship between frequency/pulse-rate and pulse-rate/temperature showed in Tab. 1, Figs. 35���36, respectively. Note: calling song of O. lineolatus and O. pallidus n. sp. showed intraspecific and individual variation in the chirp structure, including amplitude differences in the first pulse and/or failures along the chirp; some were highlighted in Figs. 33, a, b, c; 34, a, b, c). Female (Fig. 4). Similar in color to male, slightly larger in size; ovipositor rather robust, tipped with black (Fig. 38); subgenital and supra-anal plates as Fig. 41���42, respectively; body measurements (in mm, n = 10): body length 11.9 �� 1.2 (10.1���13.3); head width 1.7 �� 0.1 (1.5���1.8); inter ocelli width 0.7 �� 0.04 (0.6���0.8); pronotum length 2.1 �� 0.1 (1.9���2.2); pronotum width 1.8 �� 0.1 (1.6���2.1); hind femur length 7.7 �� 0.2 (7.4���8.2); hind tibia length 8.4 �� 0.3 (7.7���8.9); ovipositor length 5 �� 0.2 (4.7���5.2). Specimens examined. 36 males and 10 females, municipality of S��o Louren��o do Sul, district of S��o Jo��o da Reserva, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil 31 �� 17 ��� 39.43 ������S, 52 ��09���02.76������W, 13 /ii/ 2011. A.S. Neutzling leg. Voucher specimes. 26 males and five females will be kept at collection of the Departamento de Zoologia e Gen��tica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel) and, 10 males and five females at Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de S��o Paulo (MZUSP). Habitat and behavior of O. pallidus n. sp. and O. lineolatus. Both species were found in the boundary between tobacco plantation and native shrubs (Fig. 43), preferably dwelling plants of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and erva-lanceta (Solidago chilensis); hiding immobile during day among the tobacco sprouting leaves and S. chilensis abaxial leaf surface; they were active at night, performing an omnivorous diet, including tobacco leaves, aphids and pollen, latter sometimes was accessed by chewing a hole in the corolla settled at anther position (Fig. 44); they also showed preference for inflorescence, fruits, as well as aphids from leaves of S. chilensis; males began their calling song at dusk, peaking between 21 h to 1 h, and reducing activity towards at dawn; preferentially folded tobacco leaves were used as calling song perch (Fig. 45); males also clewed an oval-shaped hole in the center of leaf setting the forewings against its edges to stridulate (Fig. 46); other species of trees and shrubs were also used as perch to stridulate., Published as part of Zefa, Edison, Neutzling, Alexandre Schneid, Red��, Darlan Rutz, Oliveira, Gabriel Lobregat De & Martins, Luciano De Pinho, 2012, A new species of Oecanthus and Oecanthus lineolatus Saussure, 1897 from Southern Brazil: species description, including phallic sclerites, metanotal glands and calling song (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Oecanthinae), pp. 53-67 in Zootaxa 3360 on pages 56-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209856