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We compare the reconstructed hadronization conditions in relativistic nuclear collisions in the nucleon–nucleon centre-of-mass energy range 4.7–2760 GeV in terms of temperature and baryon-chemical potential with lattice QCD calculations, by using hadronic multiplicities. We obtain hadronization temperatures and baryon chemical potentials with a fit to measured multiplicities by correcting for the effect of post-hadronization rescattering. The post-hadronization modification factors are calculated by means of a coupled hydrodynamical-transport model simulation under the same conditions of approximate isothermal and isochemical decoupling as assumed in the statistical hadronization model fits to the data. The fit quality is considerably better than without rescattering corrections, as already found in previous work. The curvature of the obtained “true” hadronization pseudo-critical line κ is found to be 0.0048 ± 0.0026 , in agreement with lattice QCD estimates; the pseudo-critical temperature at vanishing μ B is found to be 164.3 ± 1.8 MeV . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We briefly review recent advances in the subject of hadron production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We focus on the issues of chemical freeze-out, chemical equilibration and the role of post-hadronization inelastic collisions. From the observations collected in elementary and heavy-ion collisions, a picture emerges in which hadrons are born in chemical equilibrium at hadronization, thereafter undergoing inelastic and elastic collisions whose impact on the primordial distribution depends on the system size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study particle production in ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions at CERN SPS and LHC energies and the conditions of chemical freeze-out. We determine the effect of the inelastic reactions between hadrons occurring after hadronization and before chemical freeze-out employing the ultrarelativistic quantum molecular dynamics hybrid model. The differences between the initial and the final hadronic multiplicities after the rescattering stage resemble the pattern of data deviation from the statistical equilibrium calculations. By taking these differences into account in the statistical model analysis of the data, we are able to reconstruct the original hadrochemical equilibrium points in the (T, μB) plane which significantly differ from chemical freeze-out ones and closely follow the parton-hadron phase boundary recently predicted by lattice quantum chromodynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]