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Organismal distributions in human‐modified landscapes largely depend on the capacity of any given species to adapt to changes in habitat structure and quality. The golden‐headed lion tamarin (GHLT; Leontopithecus chrysomelas) is an Endangered primate from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest whose remaining populations occupy heterogeneous landscapes consisting primarily of shade cacao (Theobroma cacao) agroforestry, locally known as cabrucas. This cash crop can coexist with high densities of native tree species and holds a significant proportion of the native fauna, but its widely extolled wildlife‐friendly status is increasingly threatened by management intensification. Although this potentially threatens to reduce the distribution of GHLTs, the main determinants of tamarin's occupancy of cabrucas remain unknown, thereby limiting our ability to design and implement appropriate conservation practices. We surveyed 16 cabruca patches in southern Bahia, Brazil, and used occupancy modeling to identify the best predictors of GHLT patch occupancy. Key explanatory variables included vegetation structure, critical resources, landscape context, human disturbance, and predation pressure. We found a negative relationship between GHLT occupancy and the prevalence of jackfruit trees (Artocarpus heterophylus), which is likely associated with the low representation of other key food species for GHLTs. Conversely, cabrucas retaining large‐diameter canopy trees have a higher probability of GHLT occupancy, likely because these trees provide preferred sleeping sites. Thus, key large tree resources (food and shelter) are currently the main drivers of GHLT occupancy within cabruca agroecosystems. Since both factors can be directly affected by crop management practices, intensification of cabrucas may induce significant habitat impacts on GHLT populations over much of their remaining range‐wide distribution. Research Highlights: Key habitat resources (food and sleeping sites) are the main drivers of golden‐headed lion tamarin (GHLT) occupancy in cabrucas, and they are affected by management practices. Intensification of management can induce significant impacts on GHLT persistence in cabrucas in much of its remaining habitat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The establishment and naturalization of non-native Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) in southwestern US riparian habitats is hypothesized to have negative implications for native flora and fauna. Despite the potential for Russian olive establishment in new riparian habitats, much of its ecology remains unclear. Arid river systems are important stopover sites and breeding grounds for birds, including some endangered species, and understanding how birds use Russian olive habitats has important implications for effective non-native species management. We compared native bird use of sites that varied in the amount of Russian olive and mixed native/non-native vegetation along the San Juan River, UT, USA. From presence/absence surveys conducted in 2016 during the breeding season, we found 1) fewer bird species and functional groups used Russian olive habitats and 2) the composition of species within Russian olive habitats was different from the composition of species in mixed native/non-native habitats. Our results suggest Russian olive may support different bird compositions during the breeding season and as Russian olive continues to naturalize, bird communities may change. Finally, we highlight the paucity of research surrounding Russian olive ecology and stress the need for rigorous studies to improve our understanding of Russian olive ecology. • Fewer bird species and functional groups were detected in Russian olive (RO) habitats than in mixed vegetation sites • Bird species composition in RO habitat was different from that in mixed vegetation sites • RO sites did support native birds, so we recommend removal be coupled with restoration to maintain resources for native fauna [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spoil dumps in the subalpine and montane environments of Kosciuszko National Park in far south-eastern Australia are modified landscapes which in the past were considered to have little faunal value. Recent finds (2010-2011) of the critically endangered Mountain Pygmy-possum ( Burramys parvus) have resulted in a reconsideration of the importance of such landscapes to fauna. Such re-evaluation has been translated into on-ground actions, including the construction of an artificial boulderfield on one spoil dump as habitat targeting Mountain Pygmy-possum in rehabilitation works. Trapping 7 and 19-20 months, respectively, after these works has so far not recorded this Pygmy-possum. However, it led to the discovery of another critically endangered species, the Smoky Mouse ( Pseudomys fumeus). Two males (with three recaptures) and one female were captured in 250 trapnights in November 2015 and an additional male in 600 trapnights in December 2015. The capture of this enigmatic species is highly significant as it is the first live capture of the species in the park and it is only the second locality in which live captures have been made in New South Wales since 2001. The location of the Smoky Mouse in spoil dumps further emphasises how these areas provide existing and potential habitat for native fauna species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total of 19 alien longhorn beetle species have established in Europe where they presently account for ca. 2.8 % of the total cerambycid fauna. Most species belong to the subfamilies Cerambycinae and Laminae which are prevalent in the native fauna as well. The alien species mainly established during the period 1975-1999, arriving predominantly from Asia. France, Spain and Italy are by far the most invaded countries. All species have been introduced accidentally. Wood-derived products such as wood- packaging material and palettes, plants for planting, and bonsais constitute invasive pathways of increasing importance. However, only few species have yet colonized natural habitats outside parks and gardens. Present ecological and economical impacts, and future trends are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Predation affects population dynamics via both direct mortality and behavioural responses to the threat of death. Environmental factors are known to influence the activity of both predator and prey in amphibians by interacting with their physiological constraints. For instance, lunar cues (moonlight and moon cycle) influence amphibian predation risk and foraging efficiency. However, little information is available on how the moonlight affects activity and habitat use. Here, we investigated whether lunar light flux, environmental variables, and lunar phases influence abundance and habitat use in a predator-prey system consisting of an invasive predator (i.e., the American bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus) and a native prey (i.e., the green frogs Pelophylax spp.). In accordance with both the "visual acuity" and "predation risk" hypotheses, the activity of the invasive predator was enhanced in moonlit nights, especially in open habitats, whereas the activity of the native prey species seemed to be not affected by the intensity of moonlight. Contrary to the "habitat-mediated predation risk hypothesis", no suppressive effect of moonlight in open habitats was found for L. catesbeianus , this possibly evidencing the lack of perceived predation risk by this alien species. Moon cycle had no effect on American bullfrog abundance and weakly affected the activity of green frogs especially in open habitats between the first quarter and the full moon. Our study shows how moonlight, lunar phases and environmental parameters influence the behaviour and ecology of the American bullfrog and one of its native prey. Since indirect effects have the potential to moderate or amplify the impacts of invasive species on native populations, our findings could help to understand the spreading of American bullfrogs and to possibly mitigate their impacts on native fauna through habitat restoration. • The effect of moonlight and lunar phases on a predator-prey system (alien American bullfrog vs native frogs) is analysed. • American bullfrog activity was enhanced in moonlit nights with no suppressive effect of moonlight in open habitats. • Green frogs did not show any clear moon-related activity pattern. • Predator behaves according to "visual acuity" and "predation risk" but not to "habitat-mediated predation risk" hypotheses. • Responses to moonlight as a means of maximizing foraging effectiveness can be complex in alien-native predator-prey systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]