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This article is based on a research which conducted a study about the history of Souza Cruz since its beginning that goes from 1903 until 2007. The specific objective was to analyze the historical sense of the ideology of the company on social responsibility and its ambiguities, inserted into social projects of the company. The theoretical-epistemological perspective combined the paradigm of the complexity with the approach of critical studies. The research was documentary and bibliographic. This article aims to contribute with the Brazilian public administration regarding the knowledge about the complex relationships among the tobacco industry, environmental effects and public health. This study concluded that the complementarity between the paradigm of the complexity and the approach of critical studies demonstrates that the ideology of Souza Cruz about social responsibility is inserted between the stockholders' theory and the stakeholders' theory, in an ambivalent way, and that both are part of the paradigm of simplification (marked by reductionism and fragmentation).

This article aims to reflect on an approximation between the Social and Solidarity Economy (SSE) and the Female Empowerment as a possibility for the women who participate in this movement to be able to increase and solidify their space in the movement and, consequently, in society. For that, it brings a reflection on the ESS with its singularities, its management models with its own logic, that is concerned with valuing the social within the economic activity. The idea of female empowerment through social, political and psychological dimensions can be understood as an instrument for transforming the role of women within the ESS. The ESS movement and women’s empowerment come closer with clear principles of equity, which could help empower the women involved in the movement. The approach, therefore, seeks to conjecture about a possibility to offer entrepreneur women a more coherent perspective with the proposals of the SSE.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1807-1384.2009v6n1p90 Este ensaio compara o conceito de paradigma nas perspectivas de Thomas Kuhn e Edgar Morin. Apesar da relevância internacional de suas obras e de suas contribuições para a história da ciência e para a filosofia da ciência, observa-se na literatura uma falta de estudos comparativos sobre suas principais idéias, o que tem gerado confusões e simplificações. O ensaio parte de extensa pesquisa de obras publicadas pelos autores em âmbito internacional. Na primeira seção, trata-se da perspectiva de Kuhn sobre diversas noções, como paradigma, matriz disciplinar, comunidade científica e incomensurabilidade. Na segunda, examina-se a perspectiva de Morin sobre paradigma disjuntor-redutor e paradigma da complexidade. Na terceira seção, comparam-se suas perspectivas sobre progresso científico, a partir da noção de disciplina, para discernir aspectos convergentes e divergentes em suas obras, resumidos nas conclusões. Palavras-chave: Paradigma; Disciplina; Filosofia da ciência.