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Cerebral palsy is a syndrome caused by the damage of central nervous system in the early period of its development [1]. In cerebral palsy, motor disorders are associated by symptoms, being also a result of brain damage. Rehabilitation of children suffering from developmental disorders should be early, comprehensive and continuous. Child suffering from cerebral palsy should work with a team of physicians, therapists, that is, physiotherapist, psychologist, educator and other specialists adapted individually to the needs of a patient.

The article presents the case of a 28-year-old woman after vaginal delivery assisted by the use of a vacuum extractor. During delivery, the II° perineal rupture and pelvic floor tissue damage occurred. The patient came to the urogynecological physiotherapy practise because of major pain associated with the episiotomy scar. The article describes effects of physiotherapy.

Returning to sexual intercourse after childbirth is a significant problem for many young parents. The most frequently recommended period of sexual absenteeism is the postpartum period. It is a period of regeneration of the body and return to full physical activity. There are many reasons for not engaging in sexual activity after childbirth. However, this article focuses on somatic causes, such as those that require the help of a urogynecological physiotherapist.

According to the World Health Organization, premature baby is a newborn baby that was born between 22nd and 37th week of pregnancy. The premature babies, due to immaturity of all systems, require special care from the whole medical personnel and holistic approach. The role of a physiotherapist at the Neonatal Pathology Ward is a very important aspect and care of a little patient should be adjusted individually. The most important assumptions of the methods in the care of premature babies at the intensive care unit include normalization of muscle tension, change of abnormal posture and motor patterns, as well as normal sensory experiences. Techniques and supports adjusted to physical and personality capabilities of a child are applied during therapy [1,2]. The Neonatal Pathology Ward is also a place for a clinical speech therapist who has a very important task in the care of a premature baby. A speech therapist who deals with therapy of a premature baby, checks anatomical conditions of the oral cavity, that is, tongue mobility, length of a frenulum, structure of the palate, and then develops a model of support individual for every patient [3]. Interdisciplinary work of the members of a medical team is necessary to provide modern and professional care for the patients.

We talk about infertility when a couple, despite regular intercourse 3-4 times a week, cannot get pregnant within a year. The problem of infertility equally affects both women and men. There are at least few reasons for this. A less common cause of infertility is immunological infertility. The paper presents the history of a couple affected by this type of infertility.

Multiple sclerosis (Latin sclerosis multiplex, MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease that requires comprehensive and continuous physiotherapy. Its most common symptoms are spasticity, balance disorders, ataxia, tremors, limited range of joint movements, decreased muscle strength, neurogenic bladder dysfunction, dysphagia, and speech disorders. The aim of this study is to describe the most commonly used methods of physiotherapy that are used in multiple sclerosis, based on the available literature.

Correct posture is a harmonized system of individual parts of the body in relation to each other and in relation to the mechanical axis of the body, maintained at minimum tension of the muscular and nervous systems [1,2,3]. Any postural defect is commonly referred to as a bad posture. According to Wilczyński, these are changes in an upright, free position of the body, which differ significantly from the typical posture of a given gender, age, constitutional structure and race, which are the result of pathological changes and may occur at all body levels [4,5,6]. The most common postural defects associated with the spine include concave, round, round-concave, flat and scoliosis back. Problems that occur in relation to each disease are not only a part of bad posture and do not concern only the spine itself. This is a complex problem and it is necessary to approach the subject holistically and in many directions.

Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of tokophobia on delivery solution by Caesarean section. The number of deliveries solved by Caesarean section has increased significantly in recent years. In Poland, it has almost doubled since 2000 (from 18.1% to 37%) Research methods: A survey was used in the study. 25 first-born girls and 25 multi-rivers took part, the selection criterion was delivered by caesarean section. Results: The fear of giving birth was the cause of caesarean section in 12 of the 25 primigravidas and 12 of the 25 multigravidas. Conclusion: Fear of childbirth may be a very important issue related to planning the delivery method.

The daily energy requirement of infants depends on age, sex and body weight. Breastfeeding is the most appropriate way to feed babies in the first 6 months of their lives. According to WHO recommendations, one should aim for exclusive breast-feeding for the first 6 months of your child's life. After 6 months, the baby's diet should be extended, continuing breastfeeding. It is recommended to continue feeding with the mother's milk, according to the WHO, until the second year of life, and according to AAP up to 12 months, with the simultaneous introduction of supplementary foods. When, for various reasons, it is not possible to feed the infant with mother's milk, the products substituting for female milk are used. Infant formula is intended for children under 6 months of age and fully satisfies the nutritional needs of an infant. Complementary Feeding should be started between 17 and 26 weeks of age.

Cerebral palsy in children is a syndrome of disorders resulting from damage to the central nervous system in its early development [1]. Damage to the structure of the upper motor neuron during its early development leads to dysfunction of the central motor control system and, consequently, to impairment of the child’s functional development [2,3]. The consequences of damage to the central motor control system include the presence of muscular tension disorders, especially spasticity [4,5]. Botulinum toxin is one of the many pharmacological agents used to reduce spasticity. Botulinum toxin therapy is one of the most effective and currently safest methods for the treatment of spasticity in children [6].

Teachers belong to professions particularly vulnerable to burnout. Due to level of teacher’s legal and social responsibility, and impact they have on students, this occupational group is under constant research interest about burnout and coping with stress. Many analyzes indicate connection between individual differences (coping style, emotional intelligence), working conditions, and level of burnout. This article provides review of this research.

Introduction: Physical effort has a positive effect on the human body, through its protective effect on the development of many diseases, along with cardiovascular system diseases. Irisin is an adipomiokine that is a fragment of the doemeny of extracellular FNDC5 protein. It is released from FNDC5 due to physical activity and peroxisome proliferator receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) stimulation. It forms a link between the muscles and other tissues of the body. Moreover, it affects the conversion of white adipose tissue into brownish-like fat tissue. Aim: For over 15 years ischemic heart disease has been one of the most common causes of death in the world. Therefore, attempts have been made to clarify the role it has in ischemic heart disease. Conclusions: It has been proven, that the concentration of irisin decreases in patients with myocardial infarction it also correlates with the severity of stable coronary disease and a higher SYNTAX score. Hence, the hypothesis was that the level of this protein probably depends on the inflow of blood to the myocardium. It can therefore be used for the panel of myocardial damage. The New Approach of therapeutic options uses irisin with stem cells during the repairing of myocardium. Despite much interest in irisin, there are still many questions that need to be answered, in particular those related to the irisin cell receptor and what is related to the clarification of its mechanisms in physiology.

A significant increase in the incidence of depression, change of lifestyle and nutrition, forces researchers to seek understanding of the various mechanisms of the formation of such a disorder. Numerous studies draw attention to dysbiosis - a disorder of the composition and function of the intestinal microflora. In current studies, strong correlations can be observed between microbiota disorders and the occurrence of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.

This paper aims to is to review the literature on the relationship between microbiota and the immune system in terms of the quality of life of patients after arterial repair operations. Angiology is a branch of medicine dealing with vascular diseases of the blood and lymphatic system. As a sub-discipline of surgery, together with techniques of surgical radiology, it has gained high recognition in the medical environment. Despite increasing progress in the process of arterial repair, postoperative complications in the form of swelling of the lower extremities of the operated side are still a problem. This problem concerns about 6% of patients. Another problem is the risk of vascular transplant infection. The high mortality rate estimated at 9% is worrying. Equally alarming is the percentage of limb amputations at the level of the shin or thigh. It should also be emphasized that the above complications may significantly indicate weakened immunity of patients, thus translating into the slower tissue regeneration process. Even the increasing degree of emotional disturbances as a result of weakened microflora.

Tattoo is one of the most frequently used techniques of permanent body decoration, it is a graphic sign obtained on the skin as a result of the introduction of dye into the skin tissue. It happens that the tattoo begins to disturb, life circumstances change, the tattoo reminds you of something you would like to forget. The development of tattoo removal methods is the expression of a search for a method to completely remove it without damaging the tissue. The methods used so far include: lasers, surgery, peels, dermabrasion (chemical and mechanical), cryosurgery, electrosurgery, light coagulation in the infrared range, salabrasia (use of sodium chloride), camouflage, etc., however, no method guarantees complete removal of the tattoo.

Rehabilitation of patients after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament is the subject of many physiotherapeutic discussions. Of all sports injuries, about 70% are damage to the knee joint. Among these, in turn, the injuries of the anterior cruciate ligament occupy the leading position. Reconstruction is the best way to recreate a damaged ACL. The return of the patient to full physical fitness and daily activities are conditioned by surgery and improvement procedures. Early rehabilitation, the selection of appropriate rehabilitation methods, as well as individual characteristics of the patient affect the acceleration of the rehabilitation procedure and the results achieved at particular stages of physiotherapy

SIDS - Sudden Infant Death Syndrome is a sudden, unexpected death of an infant during sleep, which can not be justified by a medical history or post-mortem examination. This is undoubtedly one of the worst situations that young parents can encounter. Fear for child is enormous and often man tries to do everything to protect his offspring from danger, pain and illness. Unfortunately, SIDS concern healthy-growing infants, who are not suspected of any disease. The vast majority of cases occur in a baby cot, less often in the bed of parents, a pram or a car seat. It mainly concerns children up to 6 months old, but it also happens at a later age. The aim of this work is to discuss the risk factors and prevention of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

The human motoriness is the whole of behaviors, possibilities and needs movement differently manifested at every stage of life. The pre-school period is the so-called golden period of motoriness. At this stage of life, all movement skills that affect further development of the child are improved, both in the physical, mental, intelectual and social spheres. External interventions to improve and improve skills in small and large motor skills seem to be extremely important. We should hold on the occurrence of motor development disorders and the introduction of rehabilitation as soon as possible.

Dysmorphophobia (BDD), also called the obsession of perfection, is a disorder involving the extreme negative assessment of one's own appearance resulting from a slight defect that is exaggerated. Dysmorfophobia belongs to hypochondriac disorders. This disease affects 0.7-2.4% of the total population, but knowledge about it is still not common. Perceptual disorders most often affect the skin, hair, nose, body weight, stomach, breasts, eyes, thighs and teeth. Legs, body build, face and face size are less often. In addition to typical psychotherapy, well-chosen relaxation techniques and cognitive-behavioral therapy as well as pharmacotherapy are also applied.

Microbiome is a key element in maintaining health, forming all saprophytic, commensal and parasitic microorganisms that invade the human body. The development of microbiota begins already in the prenatal period, providing the way for further studies on the influence of the course and duration of pregnancy, delivery mode, feeding, exposure to environmental factors and gestational age. Colonization of the gastrointestinal tract of infants is an important aspect of later health. Probiotics and prebiotics can regulate the composition of bacterial flora of the gastrointestinal tract and thus influence the homeostasis of human body.

Pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum care is special time in woman’s life. Often those moment cause many different emotions, both positive and negative. Mothers-to-be are often scared of childbirth, with following strong fear for life and health of their baby. The very moment of delivery can be special experience, unfortunately not always pleasant. This is why there is special note given to the role of social support as factor enhancing the proces of adaptation to the new role. Adequate support can reduce fear of childbirth, reduce probability of postpartum depression and enhance proper mother – child interaction.

Objectives : A still small number of Poles declare regular physical activity. International Obesity reports Task Force shows that 30-45 million children in the world aged 5 to 17 suffer from overweight, and under the age of five, 22 million. In total, nearly 155 million children and adolescents are obese or overweight. Currently in Poland is the highest percentage of men over 15 years of age suffering from these conditions among all European Union countries. The research aims to assess the impact of general conditioning exercises on the development of motor fitness of pre-school children. Material and methods : The research was carried out in 2013 at the kindergarten in Szczecin. The children who took part in the study were aged three to six years. Classes were conducted according to the "Key to Learning" program, which was based on the ideas of LeoVygotsky . The study involved 82 preschoolers, including 38 girls and 44 boys. Results : Compiled results indicate that physical activity determines the proper formation of traits not only motor but also psychological and social behavior in pre-school children. Own research has shown that general development exercises positively influence the level of children's physical fitness, they show on average a very good and good level, which should positively affect their health. Conclusions : Physical efficiency is one of the most important health parameters, and its high level obtained in the early years guarantees correct adaptation in later periods of life. In children and adolescents, the right amount of traffic plays a huge role. Encouraging and introducing as early as possible an active form of spending time both in kindergarten and outside it is very important and positively affects motor efficiency of children. kay words : motor fitness, health, physical activity, general development exercises, sport, children

Cerebral palsy is a broad term, including various, changing with age movement and postural disorders of cerebral origin [1]. Gait of children suffering from cerebral palsy is characterized by changeability. Observed gait abnormalities are caused by incorrect steering of movements of a child and they are the effects of brain damage and compensation mechanisms. The orthoses should be applied in children suffering from cerebral palsy to protect against deformations of lower limbs. An orthosis prevents the occurrence of articular contractures, probably as a result of inhibition of biomechanical changes in periarticular collagen caused by immobilization [9,10]. Selecting an appropriate orthosis is a key element of the process of treatment of diseases of musculoskeletal system. Orthosis should always be selected individually, depending on the needs and capabilities of a patient. The following orthoses can be distinguished: ankle joint orthoses, dynamic foot orthosis and complex orthoses stabilizing ankle joint, knee joint and hip joint. Selecting an appropriate orthopedic equipment is a very important aspect in complex rehabilitation of children suffering from cerebral palsy.

Recent years show a gradual increase in births of children with cerebral palsy. All children affected by this disease entity should be supported neurodevelopmental. The aim of the work is to assess the long-term development of children with cerebral palsy. It is intended, allowed to increase opportunities and leveling development differences neurological rehabilitation of children covered by unifying therapeutic support and education of parents. An important aspect is the assessment of the effects of neurodevelopmental therapy in the context of the intensity and complexity of the treatment and analysis of the development of motor skills of children covered by development assistance.

The basic direction of monitoring and analyzing the process of procreation, getting pregnant, its course, possible complications and delivery is a medical, biological perspective. Psychology has entered medical areas practically with all its basic research directions. Many publications from the fringe of psychology and obstetrics draw attention to the magnitude of possible factors affecting the quality of the relationship of the mother and her newborn child. Preliminary conclusions were based on a pilot study - it included 43 pregnant women. The study was conducted among patients in hospitals, specialist counseling centers and gynecological surgeries, and clients of birthing class. The respondents filled out the following questionnaires: Author's sociometric-medical survey, Maternal Fetal Attachment Scale (Cranley); General Self-Efficacy Scale (Schwarzerer and Jerusalem). Statistical analysis (Pearson correlation coefficient) of selected variables showed statistically insignificant (p> 0.05) correlations from very weak to high. A high correlation occurs between the week of pregnancy and a sense of bond with the child (r = 0.792) and a week of pregnancy and a sense of self-generalized effectiveness (r = 0.847).

The current patterns of perioperative management are subject to dynamic changes, questioning and modifying the previously used ones. In modern surgical practice, it is recommended to apply a comprehensive peri-operative care protocol to improve the results of ERAS (Enhanced Recover After Surgery) treatment. ERAS is a multidirectional path of perioperative care over a patient, used all over the world, developed by the international scientific society ERAS Society, initiated by the Danish surgeon Henrik Kehlet. This protocol aims to achieve the fastest possible recovery of the patient by minimizing metabolic stress caused by surgery, improving the healing process, reducing tissue swelling, reducing the number of postoperative complications, shortening the duration of hospitalization and reducing the cost of health care.

Introduction: PCOS is a hyperandrogenic and low-pathogenic disease and patients suffering from PCOS have significantly lower intestinal microbiota variation in comparison with healthy individuals. Aim of the study:The aim of the work is to overview the literary production regarding reliance between intestinal microbiota and polycystic ovary syndrome. Conclusions: Results of the research show change in microbiome data amongst women suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome.

A human organism is a great place for living a huge and very diverse microflora. The most colonized seems to be the digestive tract. The balance between the host organism and the microbiome is extremely important. One of the causes of homeostasis disorders may be treatment with antibiotics. During antibiotic therapy, the natural intestinal microbiota is depleted. As a consequence, the risk of uncontrolled development of Clostridium difficile is significantly increased. Intestinal infections due to this pathogenic rote are a serious health problem.

The human digestive tract is inhabited by hundreds of bacterial species, both aerobic and anaerobic, bacteriophages, viruses and fungi that collectively are referred to as intestinal microbiota. Microbiota has a significant impact on the production and maintenance of immunological, hormonal and metabolic homeostasis. Dysbiosis is present in inflammations, e.g. intestinal inflammation, autoimmune diseases, e.g. multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, rheumatic diseases, metabolic disorders such as obesity or type 2 diabetes, and mental illness. Currently, numerous studies are underway on the effect of microbiota on thyroid autoimmune diseases. . It seems, that microbiota has a small, if any, effect on the metabolism of iodine and selenium - elements particularly responsible for thyroid homeostasis. However, the relationship between thyroid function and the gastrointestinal tract has been proven.

The pace of life in the 21st century, stress and all its negative effects make this problem a civilization disease. In 2013, World Health Organization provided the guidelines on the procedures in the cases connected with stress. About 77% of population regularly feels physical symptoms of stress, 17% suffers from bruxism (gnashing of teeth). The occurrence of bruxism has large impact on functional quality of temporomandibular joint. Long-term disease may lead to limitation of movements, which causes serious deterioration of quality of life. Bruxism may also lead to the disorders within muscles making moves in the discussed joint such as hypertrophy of masseter and temporal muscle, which results in the change of shape of the face („square face”) and to pain in the region of the attachments of these muscles. Many people suffer from bruxism and the effects of functional disorders of the temporomandibular joint are a serious health problem. Therefore, education making people aware of this disease and early diagnostics to implement appropriate treatment are necessary.

Abstract Urinary incontinence is the involuntary leakage of urine through the urethra. The World Health Organization indicates that incontinence is a very important social problem. In addition to a significant deterioration of the quality of life, this ailment significantly affects the social, professional and family life of people suffering from it. Statistics indicate that this problem affects about 5 million people in the Poland, both women and men. There are a number of risk factors, of which the most common are: postpartum period, menopausal period in women, prostatic hypertrophy in men and obesity, severe physical work and smoking in both groups. Physiotherapy is an important element of conservative treatment. The most common therapies are: biofeedback, pelvic floor training and electrostimulation

This article focuses on the specificity of pregnancy and postpartum, as well as the mood and emotional disorders that occur during this period, especially: baby blues and postpartum depression. A particular etiological factor, which may contribute to or intensify the occurrence of particular postpartum period disorders has been distinguished. Attention was also paid to identifying risk factors and preventive interventions.

Every pregnant woman should be aware that her every day health habits affect the child's health, but also her health during pregnancy, delivery and post-partum period. Physical activity plays an important role during pregnancy. It improves the overall physical condition and prevents many ailments of pregnancy. The most important aspect of taking physical activity during pregnancy is the right choice of exercise and regularity and appropriate technique. Due to many benefits of proper exercises during pregnancy, pregnant women should be encouraged and educated in this area.

Cerebral palsy and methods of therapy that can be applied in the process of rehabilitation of children were described in this article. Cerebral palsy is a motor syndrome caused by permanent damage to the structures of central nervous system in the prenatal, perinatal or postnatal period [1]. Cerebral palsy is a complex therapeutic problem. It is not possible to cure it completely, therefore, the main goal is alleviation of pain to make the child as independent in everyday life as possible [2]. Nowadays, rehabilitation of children suffering from cerebral palsy is based on the methods of neurodevelopmental rehabilitation, which are the most effective and more child-friendly. These methods include, among others, Vojta and NDT-Bobath method. Additional methods that can be applied while supporting the development of children suffering from cerebral palsy are sensory integration method and MEDEK method. If appropriate and comprehensive rehabilitation shall be initiated at early stage in children suffering from cerebral palsy, the chance for achievement of proper mobility in the future will be bigger [3]. The effects of therapy depend on the type of damage, regularity of therapy. Therapeutic program must be selected individually to every child after thorough diagnosis and observation [2,4].

Lipodystrophy is one of the most common and the most undesirable female dermatological conditions. Both slim and overweight people can struggle with it. It is possible to fight cellulite with various physiotherapeutic techniques and methods. Research goal: Goal of this dissertation is a review of literature about possibilities of physiotherapy in lipodystrophy. Conclusion: The appropriate physiotherapeutic methods are necessary to improve the flexibility, appearance and microcirculation in areas affected by lipodystrophy.

Episiotomy is one of the most frequently performed procedures in obstetrics. Since the 21st Century it became a standard procedure performed on the delivery ward. The latest recommendations of the Polish Gynecological Society Expert Committee recommend abandoning the routine groin incision, while in justified cases it indicates the use of mid-lateral incision. Crotch incision increases the risk of many labor problems both early and late. In order to reduce the risk of complications after episiotomy, early improvement is recommended. Physiotheraphy helps to reduce pain, it has anti-edema effect and improves the overall functional status of the woman in labor.

Flu is a contagious disease that poses a problem recurring in each influenza season with varying intensity. At the end of the XX and early XXI century new subtypes appeared , which indicates the high variability of the pathogen from the moment of its isolation to the present day. Many people do not realize, how big a threat is flu, its consequences have a significant rebound in both the health and economic sphere. On the issue of influenza, the best prevention measure is prophylaxis. Hygiene behaviour meet with approval and the problem of incorporating these behaviours into life, while the most effective way of preventing influenza in the form of vaccination, for unknown reasons, does not enjoy excessive recognition and good reputation among the population. Medical personnel through frequent and close contact with patients are exposed to various pathogens that cause disease. The increase in influenza flu among medical personnel facilitates the transmission of a disease that is spreading among patients and other employees. This creates a significant coordination problem, associated with the need to deal with staff shortages among employees, mainly during the epidemic seasons typical of influenza. The results of serological tests show that seasonal exposure to influenza virus is about 25% of medical workers [1].

Overweight and obesity in young population is currently one of a highest importance problems in family practice. Among the examined young women in local community BMI over 25 kg/m2, defined as overweight, concerned 34 patients, which is 25% of the examined group, and obesity (BMI over 30 kg/m2) concerned 10 women, which is 7% of the study group. The influence of the woman's excessive body weight affects the pregnancy at every stage of reproduction. Obesity causes problems with pregnancy, numerous complications of pregnancy, hinders childbirth and postpartum period.

Pregnancy is the time of new experiences. A woman is preparing for significant changes that will strengthen the process of maternity. It’s the moment of numerous changes both physiological and emotional.A pregnant woman is experiencing various emotions, such as hope and happiness but also anxiety and concern. In a natural way she starts to change her goals and plans, she imagines her future. However, on each stage of pregnancy there can occur numerous complications related to various factors, for example: infant diseases, injuries, mother illnesses. Different factors can cause the incorrect course of pregnancy. Situation like this often causes difficult feelings in women, especially strong anxiety. Numerous researchers emphasize different social-economic situation of women with possible high-risk pregnancy than women with normal pregnancy because the process of preparing to labor is interrupted. Women often need medical treatment, hospitalization, their physical activity is changed as it is often advised to lie down for long periods of time. This strengthens a woman fears and anxiety for child’s health and life

Introduction: Ageing process is recognized as one of the most important aspects of XXI century. Most often it is considered from economical and social perspective however this dissertation’s goal is to determine the effect of physical activity on the quality of life of elderly people, because age appropriate physical activity is the best way to stay healthy. Research goal: Goal of this dissertation is a review of literature about physical activity on of elderly people . Conclusion: Physical activity has a very significant effect on increasing the quality of life of elderly people

The subject of the article are foot defects in infants and children as well as early diagnosis and application of three-plane manual therapy of foot defects in children. Foot defects in infants and children are a common problem and the examination of the correctness of foot is very importan. Three-plane manual therapy of foot defects in children is one of the proposals that can be used in small patients because it brings therapeutic effects. Rapid implementation of therapy, gives us the ability to inhibit abnormal movement patterns and seek to the correct distribution of muscle tone

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorders are more often diagnosed. Like any disorder, autism can cause discomfort, even distress to families. Thanks to educational campaigns, more people know what this disorder is related to. Therefore, it is worth checking what the society's knowledge of autism is. Research goal: Describing the state of knowledge about autism spectrum disorders among residents of Szczecin. Conclusion: The subjects showed great knowledge about the autism spectrum. The fact of an earlier contact with a person with an autism spectrum disorder or a member of her family does not in any way relate to the knowledge of the subjects on this disorder. Women received higher results in the questionnaire.

Early Prechtl’s diagnostics applied before implementation of NDT Bobath therapy was described in this article. Prechtl’s diagnostics allows therapist to determine whether child development will be disturbed at psychomotor level and whether rehabilitation with the use of NDT Bobath method should be implemented. Quick implementation of the therapy allows to suppress improper motor patterns and develop proper distribution of muscle tone and change the repertoire of the movements in children. Key words: NDT-bobath, Prechtl’s diagnostics, neurodevelopmental therapy.

In recent years, thanks to the significant progress in medicine, about 75% of children are successfully treated of malignancies. Due to very intensive methods of therapy, anti-cancer treatment is associated with the high risk of complications - both early and late. The paper presents the long-term consequences of cancer treatment in childhood.

Physical activity is the natural, physiological need of the child, which at the same time determines its proper development. In the pre-school period there is a golden age of motoriness, ie the time when the child acquires new skills the fastest, but also a great improvement in the precision and complexity of motor activities. The overall change has a positive effect on the improvement of motor skills. The Modified Wroclaw Physical Fitness Test should be used to assess the motor skills of children in pre-school and school age. The Wrocław Test was characterized briefly. Research has shown that motor efficiency of children is significantly worse than individuals in the same age from 20 years ago.

Cerebral palsy in children is a syndrome of disorders resulting from damage to the central nervous system in its early development [1]. Damage to the structure of the upper motor neuron during its early development leads to dysfunction of the central motor control system and, consequently, to impairment of the child’s functional development [2,3]. The consequences of damage to the central motor control system include the presence of muscular tension disorders, especially spasticity [4,5]. Botulinum toxin is one of the many pharmacological agents used to reduce spasticity. Botulinum toxin therapy is one of the most effective and currently safest methods for the treatment of spasticity in children [6].

The daily energy requirement of infants depends on age, sex and body weight. Breastfeeding is the most appropriate way to feed babies in the first 6 months of their lives. According to WHO recommendations, one should aim for exclusive breast-feeding for the first 6 months of your child's life. After 6 months, the baby's diet should be extended, continuing breastfeeding. It is recommended to continue feeding with the mother's milk, according to the WHO, until the second year of life, and according to AAP up to 12 months, with the simultaneous introduction of supplementary foods. When, for various reasons, it is not possible to feed the infant with mother's milk, the products substituting for female milk are used. Infant formula is intended for children under 6 months of age and fully satisfies the nutritional needs of an infant. Complementary Feeding should be started between 17 and 26 weeks of age.

Correct posture is a harmonized system of individual parts of the body in relation to each other and in relation to the mechanical axis of the body, maintained at minimum tension of the muscular and nervous systems [1,2,3]. Any postural defect is commonly referred to as a bad posture. According to Wilczyński, these are changes in an upright, free position of the body, which differ significantly from the typical posture of a given gender, age, constitutional structure and race, which are the result of pathological changes and may occur at all body levels [4,5,6]. The most common postural defects associated with the spine include concave, round, round-concave, flat and scoliosis back. Problems that occur in relation to each disease are not only a part of bad posture and do not concern only the spine itself. This is a complex problem and it is necessary to approach the subject holistically and in many directions.

Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of tokophobia on delivery solution by Caesarean section. The number of deliveries solved by Caesarean section has increased significantly in recent years. In Poland, it has almost doubled since 2000 (from 18.1% to 37%) Research methods: A survey was used in the study. 25 first-born girls and 25 multi-rivers took part, the selection criterion was delivered by caesarean section. Results: The fear of giving birth was the cause of caesarean section in 12 of the 25 primigravidas and 12 of the 25 multigravidas. Conclusion: Fear of childbirth may be a very important issue related to planning the delivery method.

The current patterns of perioperative management are subject to dynamic changes, questioning and modifying the previously used ones. In modern surgical practice, it is recommended to apply a comprehensive peri-operative care protocol to improve the results of ERAS (Enhanced Recover After Surgery) treatment. ERAS is a multidirectional path of perioperative care over a patient, used all over the world, developed by the international scientific society ERAS Society, initiated by the Danish surgeon Henrik Kehlet. This protocol aims to achieve the fastest possible recovery of the patient by minimizing metabolic stress caused by surgery, improving the healing process, reducing tissue swelling, reducing the number of postoperative complications, shortening the duration of hospitalization and reducing the cost of health care.