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Different protein sources can impact gut microbiota composition and abundance, and also participate in health regulation. In this study, mice were gavaged with yeast protein (YP), soybean protein isolate (SPI), and whey protein isolate (WPI) for 28 days. Body weights showed similar patterns across different protein administration groups. The ileum in YP-supplemented mice exhibited good morphology, and tight-junction (TJ) proteins were slightly upregulated. Immunoglobulin (Ig)A, IgM, and IgG levels in the ileum of different protein groups were significantly increased (p < 0.05). Interleukin (IL)-10 levels were significantly increased, whereas IL-6 levels were significantly reduced in the YP group when compared with the control (C) (p < 0.05). Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels in the ileum were significantly increased in the YP group (p < 0.05). These results indicate that YP potentially improved intestinal immunity and inflammatory profiles. The relative abundances of Parabacteroides, Prevotella, and Pseudobutyrivibrio in the YP group were more enriched when compared with the C and SPI groups, and Parabacteroides was significantly upregulated when compared with the WPI group (p < 0.05). Overall, the results indicate that YP upregulates the beneficial bacteria and improves ileal immunity and anti-inflammatory capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different protein sources can impact gut microbiota composition and abundance, and also participate in health regulation. In this study, mice were gavaged with yeast protein (YP), soybean protein isolate (SPI), and whey protein isolate (WPI) for 28 days. Body weights showed similar patterns across different protein administration groups. The ileum in YP-supplemented mice exhibited good morphology, and tight-junction (TJ) proteins were slightly upregulated. Immunoglobulin (Ig)A, IgM, and IgG levels in the ileum of different protein groups were significantly increased (p < 0.05). Interleukin (IL)-10 levels were significantly increased, whereas IL-6 levels were significantly reduced in the YP group when compared with the control (C) (p < 0.05). Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels in the ileum were significantly increased in the YP group (p < 0.05). These results indicate that YP potentially improved intestinal immunity and inflammatory profiles. The relative abundances of Parabacteroides, Prevotella, and Pseudobutyrivibrio in the YP group were more enriched when compared with the C and SPI groups, and Parabacteroides was significantly upregulated when compared with the WPI group (p < 0.05). Overall, the results indicate that YP upregulates the beneficial bacteria and improves ileal immunity and anti-inflammatory capabilities.

There may be close links among yeast protein (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation, gut microbiota and skeletal muscle aging. In present study, nineteen-month-old mice received yeast protein (1.0 g/kg/d) for three months by gavage. Histological and ultrasonographical improvements in muscle as well as an increase in myofiber size were observed after yeast protein supplementation. Moreover, yeast protein activated Akt/mTOR/4E-BP1 pathway and regulated myogenic regulatory factors (Myog, Myf4, Myf5, and Myod1) to promote muscle protein synthesis and muscle regeneration and differentiation. Meanwhile, alpha and beta diversities as well as the ratio of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were elevated after yeast protein supplementation. Changes in the abundance of gut microbiota after yeast protein supplementation were significantly correlated with glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism, closely involved in the process of muscle aging. Hence, yeast protein supplementation could contribute to ameliorating muscle aging, which may be associated with gut microbiota.

[Display omitted] • Yeast protein improved muscle histologically and ultrasonically and increased myofiber size. • Yeast protein promoted muscle protein synthesis and muscle regeneration and differentiation. • The composition and diversities of gut microbiota were altered by yeast protein. • Yeast protein-induced gut microbiota changes were closely involved in the process of muscle aging. There may be close links among yeast protein (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation, gut microbiota and skeletal muscle aging. In present study, nineteen-month-old mice received yeast protein (1.0 g/kg/d) for three months by gavage. Histological and ultrasonographical improvements in muscle as well as an increase in myofiber size were observed after yeast protein supplementation. Moreover, yeast protein activated Akt/mTOR/4E-BP1 pathway and regulated myogenic regulatory factors (Myog, Myf4, Myf5, and Myod1) to promote muscle protein synthesis and muscle regeneration and differentiation. Meanwhile, alpha and beta diversities as well as the ratio of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were elevated after yeast protein supplementation. Changes in the abundance of gut microbiota after yeast protein supplementation were significantly correlated with glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism, closely involved in the process of muscle aging. Hence, yeast protein supplementation could contribute to ameliorating muscle aging, which may be associated with gut microbiota. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]