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Background Acacia seyal gum (ASG) is an abundant source of natural polyphenolic compounds (NPPCs) and antioxidant activity with numerous benefits and is often used in cancer treatment. The type of extraction technique can significantly impact the yield and isolation of NPPCs from ASG. The traditional use of maceration extraction reportedly yields fewer NPPCs. Objectives This study investigated five extraction techniques for NPPCs and ASG antioxidant activity, namely: homogenisation, shaking, ultrasonication, magnetic stirring, and maceration. Materials and methods The evaluation of the antioxidant activity (AoA) of the extracted NPPCs from ASG used five assays, namely: total flavonoids content, Folin–Ciocalteu index, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity. Results To minimise the data set dimensionality requires principal component analysis. The ultrasonic and maceration techniques were the best techniques to extract NPPCs and examine the AoA of ASG, with a high correlation between the NPPCs and AoA. However, the maceration process was slow (12 h) compared to ultrasonication (1 h). Slow extraction can result in a decline of the NPPCs due to polyphenol oxidase–enzyme and impact productivity. Conclusions These findings provide an essential guide for the choice of extraction techniques for the effective extraction of NPPCs from ASG and other plant materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the prebiotic potential of gum Arabic for gut health. Gum Arabic, derived from Acacia trees, is commonly used as a food additive and stabilizer. Research has shown that gum Arabic has potential health benefits, particularly as a prebiotic in the human gut. Prebiotics are dietary fibers that selectively ferment in the gut, promoting the growth and activity of beneficial bacteria. Gum Arabic has been found to encourage beneficial gut bacteria and inhibit harmful bacteria, as well as have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. Further research is needed to fully understand its prebiotic mechanisms and optimize its applications. [Extracted from the article]

Gum Arabic (GA), also known as Acacia seyal gum (ASG), is a dried exudate from trees of Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal. It provides a rich source of non-viscous soluble fiber with significant health benefits and high antioxidant properties. Tonnes of raw GA are exported annually at a high cost with limited utilization in extraction form. Techniques for the extraction of the bioactive components of GA are available but the high extraction time and the capacity and quality of extraction hinders these procedures. Ultrasonicassisted extraction is one of the most effective techniques for the recovery of antioxidant and phenolic compounds from ASG. A comparatively low extraction time has been reported for ultrasonication, but the influence of several extraction conditions such as temperature, time and ultrasonic power on the yield of extraction has not been thoroughly studied. This study investigates the optimal ultrasonic extraction conditions for maximum recovery of antioxidant and phenolic compounds from ASG using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) under the Central Composite Design (CCD). Three ultrasonic parameters, namely time in the range of (1-3 hours), power in the range of (1-3 level or 12 to 40 kHz) and temperature from (25-60 °C) were tested for their impact on antioxidant activity. The capacity of the extracts was determined by the scavenging activity of 1, 1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, and total phenolic compounds (TPC). The results indicated that ultrasonic time, power and temperature had a positive impact on antioxidant capacity and phenolic compounds. The optimum ultrasonic conditions were found to be a time of 3 hours, a power of 40 kHz, and a temperature of 42.50°C, under which, forty-eight bioactive compounds from the ASG extract were separated by Gas Chromatography coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gum arabic (GA) is the main product of acacia trees. As a raw and commercial samples, GA was extracted with methanol and analysed to measure the antioxidant activity using five methods: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Folin-Ciocalteu indexes (FCI), which indicate total phenolic compounds (TPC), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC). This study used antioxidant assays to detect TPC and selected appropriate and inexpensive methods to determine the antioxidant capacity of GA samples. The results reveal that the FCI, ORAC, and CUPRAC are correlated highly with FRAP. Person's correlation coefficient (r) values are 0.98, 0.93, and 0.99, respectively, based on the sample size of (n = 8). This means that the TPC of GA is highly correlated with their antioxidant activities that are measured by these three methods. Hence the FCI, ORAC, and the CUPRAC methods are more effective and simpler. They had similar predictive power to the FRAP of GA antioxidant activity. Consequently, GA is generally recognized as being slightly acidic which may have been obtained from appropriate methods of the antioxidant capacity detection. This acidity is due to the electronic transfer mechanism based on the selection of the working pH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]