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Background: Central precocious puberty (CPP) is defined as pubertal development caused by activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis before 8 years of age in girls and 9 years in boys. Failure to recognize and/or treat this condition can result in short adult stature., Objective: To determine the etiology, clinical presentation and near-final height (NFH) of Thai children with CPP with or without gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (GnRHa) treatment., Methods: In a longitudinal observational study, 73 CPP patients who attended Songklanagarind Hospital between 1995 and 2009 were followed up every 3-6 months until they attained their NFH., Results: The etiologies observed were idiopathic CPP, hypothalamic hamartoma and central nervous system diseases. The mean age at time of diagnosis was 6.4 +/- 2.9 years. Bone age was on average 4 years more advanced than chronological age. Of the 52 patients who reached their NFH during the study, 32 were treated with GnRHa and 20 were not. The mean age at menarche was significantly greater for GnRHa-treated than for untreated girls (11.6 +/- 0.8 vs 10.1 +/- 1.1 years, p < 0.001). The median NFH of GnRHa-treated girls was 152.4 +/- 5.2 cm, which was significantly greater than the 144.4 +/- 5.0 cm for untreated girls (p < 0.001)., Conclusion: GnRHa treatment can preserve the genetic height potential of children with CPP.