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The article reports on the importance of ground water replenishment in the U.S. It explores the significance of ground water replenishment using recycled water to increase drinking water supply. It mentions several processes including soil-aquifer treatment and direct injection into a potable aquifer to manage aquifer recharge (MAR). It highlights MAR as the important source of ground water replenishment and provide a viable treatment process that meets multiple treatment objectives.

The article focuses on the impact of pharmaceuticals and endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) to the ground water replenishment with recycled water in the U.S. It states that its use helps mitigate ground water depletion and it can provide a significant cost savings over alternative water sources. It highlights the significance of reverse osmosis, membrane bioreactors and advanced oxidation processes as the effective at reducing pharmaceutical and EDC concentrations in waste water effluent.

The article offers information on the ground water replenishment in the U.S. It states that ground water replenishment with recycled water is not a new approach but drought, population growth and effective use of all water resources have escalated worldwide interest in the benefits of augmenting ground water supplies. It mentions several perspectives on recycled water use including advanced waste water treatment technologies and the overall benefits of recycled water recharge.

Mountain‐block recharge (MBR) is the subsurface inflow of groundwater to lowland aquifers from adjacent mountains. MBR can be a major component of recharge but remains difficult to characterize and quantify due to limited hydrogeologic, climatic, and other data in the mountain block and at the mountain front. The number of MBR‐related studies has increased dramatically in the 15 years since the last review of the topic was conducted by Wilson and Guan (2004), generating important advancements. We review this recent body of literature, summarize current understanding of factors controlling MBR, and provide recommendations for future research priorities. Prior to 2004, most MBR studies were performed in the southwestern United States. Since then, numerous studies have detected and quantified MBR in basins around the world, typically estimating MBR to be 5–50% of basin‐fill aquifer recharge. Theoretical studies using generic numerical modeling domains have revealed fundamental hydrogeologic and topographic controls on the amount of MBR and where it originates within the mountain block. Several mountain‐focused hydrogeologic studies have confirmed the widespread existence of mountain bedrock aquifers hosting considerable groundwater flow and, in some cases, identified the occurrence of interbasin flow leaving headwater catchments in the subsurface—both of which are required for MBR to occur. Future MBR research should focus on the collection of high‐priority data (e.g., subsurface data near the mountain front and within the mountain block) and the development of sophisticated coupled models calibrated to multiple data types to best constrain MBR and predict how it may change in response to climate warming. Key Points: Mountain‐block recharge confirmed as important source of recharge to basin aquifers in a variety of climatic and geologic settings globallyRecent work advanced understanding of fundamental controls on mountain‐block recharge and somewhat improved methods for characterizationFuture research should aim to acquire subsurface data in mountain block and at the mountain front [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ogallala Formation of Miocene/Pliocene age is present over a large area of the Great Plains in the central US. The formation is composed of mostly clastic material eroded and transported eastward from the Rocky Mountains by eastward flowing rivers and streams. It contains the life-giving water that supports the population and farming activities of this vast area. However, this precious water resource is fast being depleted. The geology and geologic history, groundwater recharge, irrigation development, and water law and management of the region are outlined so as to highlight the nature and extent of the water problems facing that region and point to a more sustainable path. Further strengthening local water management and coordination with state government as well as better interstate coordination of the High Plains states will help sustain this critical water resource for generations to come. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]