Search

The study of Groundwater in West Jakarta is to determine the quality of groundwater that is commonly used by residents for their daily needs such as drinking, clean up and etc. This study is important because the water consumed by residents does not necessarily meet standard of raw water quality for drinking set by the government through Permenkes No. 492 of 2010, through physical and chemical parameters. The research focuses on examining free aquifers in densely populated housing by using hydrogeological and hydrochemistry analysis. This research aims to condition groundwater by hydrogeology and hydrochemistry method and also mapping water quality. Hydrogeological analysis is used to map ground water level based on groundwater depth measurements measured in community wells with units of meters below ground level (mgmt) and meters below sea level (m.asl).Hydrochemical data uses two data, namely primary and secondary data. Primary data is data taken by the author in the field in 2021 by focusing on free aquifer groundwater wells taken in densely populated housing. Secondary data is data taken by BKAT in 2018-2020 by focusing on groundwater wells for public spaces such as gas stations, parks, and houses of worship. So that the hydro chemical analysis produces two types of maps, the first map is groundwater quality of free aquifers in public spaces through BKAT data, and a map of groundwater quality in densely populated housing in 2021. The results of the hydrogeological research are making a map of the free aquifer zone, and a map of the average change in groundwater level in West Jakarta. While the hydro chemical analysis was carried out to see the conditions of salinity, type of water, the level of seawater intrusion and the total dissolved solids in the study area.Based on measurements made by the author in March 2021, the deepest water depth is in Semanam Village with a depth of 9.3 mgmt., and the shallowest is in Rawa Buaya village with a depth of 0.2 mbmt. Meanwhile, based on the author’s measurements, groundwater quality are chagrin. Roa Melaka Village has smelly water, also high in Chloride, Sodium, and Natrium. Duri Kepa and Jelambar Village have high iron pollution, through measurement have 0,4 mg/l and 1,65 mg/l.

Determination of the fluctuations in groundwater level (GWL) in terms of planning and operating their resources is important. In Turkey, many basins are experiencing problems in terms of the potential of groundwater. Increasing water demand, adverse conditions created by climate change and lack of planning related to underground water management in the basin have increased these problems. As a field of application, it was applied for General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works (DSI) well of Hatay province in Turkey. In the study, GWL predictions were evaluated using data mining approaches such as Radial Basis Neural Network (RBNN) and Support Vector Machines (SVM) methods. Monthly data sets between 2002 and 2015, including hydrological parameters predict the GWL used. According to comparison results, it was observed that the data mining models gave good results for observation in test phase.

Peatlands rewetting for hydrological restoration plays an important role for fire prevention and peatland restoration of degraded peatland. One of the methods for the rewetting is canal blocking. The impact of canal blocking for peatland rewetting is further analyzed in this research. This study focused in Pulau Tebing Tinggi peatland hydrological unit (PHU), which is located in Kepulauan Meranti Regency, Riau Province. To analysis the rewetting impact, 15 dipwells were installed with the distance of 1 m, 51 m, 101 m, 201 and 301 m from the canal for each transect of the three transects. A transect was set in the downstream and two transects were set in the upstream of canal block. The ground water level (GWL) in the 15 dipwells was recorded using water-loggers for one year. This research found that canal blocking has a good effect on maintaining groundwater levels and keeping peatlands in always wet or humid conditions up to a distance of 201 m perpendicular to the canal if the rise in water level in the canal due to canal blocking is more than 0.6 m. It is able to maintain the ground water depth in peatlands around 0.4 m, where the peatlands become low risk to the fire, emission rates and subsidence.

In this study, the settlement problem in Ilgın district, which has high groundwater level at the northwest of Konya and is widely clay, is investigated. In order to determine the settlement characteristics of the investigated area, a research pit was opened at different points and drilling and UD samples were taken. Experiments were conducted on these soil samples. The compaction index (Cc), the compaction index (Cr), the consolidation coefficient (Cv) and the consolidation settlement were calculated according to the results of the consolidation test applied to the samples consisting mostly of clay and thin soil materials. As a result, it was determined that the ground water level and the consolidation of soils were effective in the deformations observed in the buildings in Ilgın settlement area.

The study was conducted to found the ground water potentials in Karnal district of Haryana with an aerial extent of 2520 sq. km. The study has analysed the spatial-temporal changes in groundwater depth in Karnal district to understand the hydrological behaviour and status of the area. Various thematic maps were prepared such as (Groundwater and its fluctuation of pre-monsoon and monsoon in two decades (1996-2017). The main objective of the study was to investigate the temporal trends in annual and monthly groundwater level with the help of central ground water board data. The result indicate a mix of negative and positive trends in the ground water level series.

Bangladesh is one of the most climatic hazard-prone countries in the world. Rainfall in Bangladesh is highly variable which depends on each season and location. This study aims to investigate spatiotemporal variability of rainfall linked to groundwater level under changing climate in the northwestern region, Bangladesh during the period of 1976-2016 using rainfall and groundwater level data. A number of statistical approaches such as Mann-Kendall (MK) test, linear regression model, Sen’s slope estimator and Spearman’s rho (SK) test, Coefficient of Variation (CV) were employed to reveal trends and variability of rainfall and groundwater level. Additionally, wavelet transform was applied to assess temporal variability of rainfall time series in the northwestern region, Bangladesh. The results show that the annual rainfall variability was the highest in the Ishwardi station (25.39%) and the lowest was found in Rajshahi (20.70%). The MK test results reveal that the trends of annual and seasonal rainfall decreased gradually, where the highest significant decreasing trend of annual rainfall was found in Rajshahi (-2.976 mm/year) and the lowest decreasing trend was found in Syedpur (-1.278 mm/year). Furthermore, monsoon and winter seasons represent the decreasing trends of rainfall for all the stations. The results of wavelet analysis demonstrate that the monthly rainfall variance of average rainfall in the northwestern region was low from the period of 2006 to 2014, indicating the dry years. The annual and seasonal rainfall trends in the northwestern region were decreased, particularly in the recent decade. The relationship between rainfall and groundwater level indicates that rainfall was decreased and the ground water level was also declining at the same time in the study region. Interestingly, it is observed that a significant high decreasing trend of annual rainfall is found in Rangpur but the annual groundwater level depth is less increased in Rangpur at the same time.

We analyze temporal variations in the travel times of both P and S waves (Vp and Vs) for 14 months at Toyohashi (central Japan) with a continuously operating vibration source that could efficiently produce both P and S waves. Seismic waves produced by the source, which is called the accurately controlled routinely operated signal system (ACROSS), are recorded by three nearby seismic stations, and the travel time variation at each station is estimated using the transfer function calculated from the recorded data. Long-term variations in Vp and Vs are observed and can be interpreted by the change in fluid saturation and crack density of the subsurface rocks. The variation in fluid saturation and crack density are consistent with that in the groundwater level, which is measured at the station nearest to the ACROSS. Short-term responses to rainfalls are observed at the station nearest to the ACROSS system; the interpretation of the changes in crack density and saturation is inconsistent with the ground water observation, partly owing to the initial response to rainfall. This can be interpreted as an air–water mixture within pores or cracks on a fine scale.

The present study was performed in order to determine the engineering geology and geotechnical details of soils and rocks along Tabriz Metro Line 2(TML2) by using the information and raw data which were acquired by borehole drilling and all field and laboratory tests in the study area. The minimum and maximum depths of the boreholes were 15 and 40 m, respectively. The results of their analysis revealed that geologically, the areas of metro route, mainly formed by alternating layers of claystone, siltstone, marl, and conglomerate, covered mainly by the alluvial deposits and in addition to older, dextral, strike-slip North Tabriz Fault (NTF) which is a major and most important geological structure of Tabriz area, there are also many minor and generally young and seismically active faults. The results of investigation on the groundwater depth in boreholes of TML2 also indicated that the groundwater depth varies between 1.5 and 30 m, along the route of metro. Eventually, based on the standard penetration test values (N-SPT), it was revealed that soils of the western parts of TML2 are in the group of dense to very dense, the central parts are in the group of very dense (Bazaar area) and dense (Fahmideh area), and the eastern parts are very dense. And finally the results achieved from determining groundwater sulfate values according to Concrete Code of Iran (CCI) indicated that the amount of soluble sulfate in the soil is mild to extremely high. Accordingly, the amount of sulfate increases from the western to the eastern parts. So that, this value is between 200 and 26,500 ppm. Based on these studies, the average of sulfate in the western, central and eastern parts is, respectively, 1118, 1275 and 4840 ppm. Thus, the groundwater in the east part is highly aggressive, and deterioration of concrete lining of the tunnel is expected in the near future.

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью оценки изменений уровенного, гидрохимического режима грунтовых вод и темпов засоления почвогрунтов в связи со строительством и эксплуатацией Верхне-Ширванского канала Азербайджана и выявление закономерности изменения гидрогеолого-мелиоративных условий территории в зоне влияния упомянутого канала в многолетнем разрезе. Цель: изучение изменения гидрогеолого-мелиоративных условий территории под влиянием антропогенных факторов в зоне влияния Верхне-Ширванского канала после ввода его в эксплуатацию. Объекты: зона влияния Верхне-Ширванского канала Ширванской степи Азербайджанской Республики. Методы. На основании результатов проведённых автором исследований по изменению среднемноголетнего уровня, минерализации грунтовых вод и темпов засоления почвогрунтов, а также собранных данных по этому направлению в период с 1980 по 2018 гг. в зоне влияния Верхне-Ширванского канала Ширванской степи были составлены карты глубины залегания уровня и минерализации грунтовых вод. На основании анализа и систематизации фактических материалов по изменению гидрогеологических условий и засолённости почвогрунтов под влиянием антропогенных факторов проведено гидрогеологомелиоративное районирование территории. Результаты. В связи с эксплуатацией Верхне-Ширванского канала в зоне его влияния изменился уровень, минерализация, химический состав грунтовых вод, засолённость и химический состав почвогрунтов. В период с 1958 по 2018 гг. уровень грунтовых вод территории в связи с проведением оросительной мелиорации поднялся более чем на 4 м, а их минерализация, за счёт инфильтрации поверхностных и отвода минерализованных вод посредством дренажа, уменьшилась на 16 г/л. По всей площади зоны влияния Верхне-Ширванского канала режим подземных вод формируется за счёт орошения земель и дренажа. На основании анализа результатов проведённых исследований по изменению уровня, химического состава подземных вод, засоленности почвогрунтов и собранных архивных материалов проведено гидрогеолого-мелиоративное районирование территории. Выделена одна провинция - Куринский синклинорий, одна зона с климатом умеренно-тёплых полупустынь и сухих степей с сухим летом, три района и четыре подрайона. Первый район охватывает привершинную часть конусов выноса речных артерий. Коэффициент фильтрации водовмещающих пород изменяется в пределах 4-10 м/сутки, минерализация грунтовых вод составляет 1-5 г/л, а глубина их залегания 6-10 м. Второй район охватывает среднюю часть конуса выносов речных отложений, коэффициент фильтрации пролювиальных отложений изменяется в пределах 3-5 м/сутки, минерализация грунтовых вод составляет 5-6 г/л, а глубина их залегания - 1,5-6,0 м. Третий район - это аллювиальная равнина реки Куры. Здесь коэффициент фильтрации водовмещающих пород достигает значений 1-10 м/сутки, минерализация грунтовых вод увеличивается до 1-50 г/л, а глубина их залегания составляет 1-3 м. The relevance of the research consists in studying the change of the level, chemical content, conditions of formation, regime of groundwater and salinity of soils under the influence of anthropogenic factors over a long period of time and in this background the formation of hydrogeological-meliorative conditions. The main aim is to study the change of the hydrogeological-meliorative conditions under the anthropogenic influence in the territories of its effect zone after putting into operation Verkhne-Shirvan canal. Objects of the research are the effect zone of the Verkhne-Shirvan canal of Shirvan plain of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Methods. Based on the results of research conducted by the author on the level, mineralization degree of groundwater and salinity of soils over a long period of time and the data collected, the hydrogeological-meliorative division into districts was carried out. Results. Due to the operation of the Verkhne-Shirvan canal, the level of groundwater, the degree of mineralization, the chemical content and the salinity and chemical content of the salts have changed in its effect zone. From 1958 to 2018 groundwater in this area rose by more than 4,0 m due to irrigation reclamation, and their mineralization degree decreased by 16,0 g/l due to infiltration of surface water and removal of mineralized water through drainage. The groundwater regime in the whole is formed by irrigation of lands and drainage. Hydrogeological-meliorative zoning of the area was carried out based on the results of research on changes in the level of subsoil water, chemical composition and salinity of soils and analysis of collected archival materials. A province-the Kur synclinorium, one zone, semisteppe with temperate-hot climate and dry-steppe with dry climate, three districts and four sub-districts are allocated. The first region covers the ends of the cones of river networks. The filtering coefficient of the rocks of the water-bearing horizons is 4-10 m/day, the degree of mineralization of groundwater is 1-5 g/l, their slope depth is 6-10 m. The second area covers the middle parts of the cones of the rivers,the filtering coefficient of proluvial sediments varies in the range of 3-5 m/day, the degree of mineralization of groundwater is 5-6 g/l their slope depth is 1,5-6,0 m. The third region covers the alluvial plain of the Kura River. The filtering coefficient of the rocks where the water is located reaches 1-10 m/day, the degree of mineralization of groundwater increases to 1-50 g/l, the slope depth is 1-3 m.

Rain Water Harvesting (RWH) and its Conservation, is the activity of direct collection of rainwater and collected rainwater can be recharged into the Ground Water or can be store for immediate use. The main aim of the RWH is to reduce the flow of Rain Water through Drains/Streams/Nalas to the rivers without any use of the same. It is a well-known fact that the Ground Water level is depleting and going down and down in the last 2–3 decades. Thus Rain Water Harvesting and Conservation aims at optimum utilization of the natural resource, which is the first and clean source of water that everybody knows in the water cycle and hence is a first or primary source of water for the human being. The lakes, rivers and groundwater harvesting and conservation, we all depend entirely on such secondary sources of water for all-purpose. In the process, it is forgotten that the final source of feed for these secondary sources is rainwater. The value of this essential primary source of water must not be lost.

The non-stop decline of the groundwater stage is one of the crucial factors that affect the development of the countrywide economy and society. Based on the linear regression with PLS regression, the predicting model of the groundwater level is presented. The precision of the version is checked using the tracking facts within the Texas vicinity. Using this approach, a clean equation is generated and on evaluating one of a kind algorithms we selected the first-rate configuration and trained the version of the use of the Texas dataset. The case study shows that the precision of the version is instead excessive and its popularization importance is higher than the alternative models and has some practical fee when being used in the dynamic groundwater level analysis. Groundwater is one of the most significant characteristic asset so as to full fill the water necessities from irrigation, domestic, industrial and research needs. Gauge of the ground water level isn't only the pre-basic for long haul forecast of slant strength in repository bank, yet what's more the key for ensuring the sheltered activity of the supply. In this paper, linear regression with PLS regression is a compelling method for forecast of groundwater level in Texas.

Groundwater is the primary source for drinking, irrigation, and industrialpurposes. Groundwater provides about 24 per cent of global water supply.Groundwater level fluctuates depending on the groundwater recharge anddischarge from the aquifer. The climate change, changing rainfall pattern andgrowing water demand lead to the groundwater level variation year by year.Rainfall is the major source for groundwater recharge. As rainfall increases,groundwater level also increases. Theni District also called Cardamom citylocated in the foot of Western Ghats is chosen as the study area. The majorsource of irrigation was well. For analysis of groundwater level status, theAverage - Ground Water Level data and Categorization of the firkas in Thenidistrict was collected from State Ground and Surface Water Resources DataCenter. Arithmetic averages of Rainfall of stations under the Theni districtwas collected from India Meteorological Department. Groundwater levelrise and fall analysis of Average-Groundwater level data (2011 to 2019)was carried out using the line chart. Comparative analysis was done usingRainfall data Vs Average – Groundwater level data (2014-2018). Consideringthe last five years, the groundwater level in Theni District has increased. Thestatistical correlation between the rainfall and groundwater level fluctuationwas poor. Categorization of firkas was used as a performance indicator.It was observed that the Safe Firkas increased from 18% to 41% and theCritical Firkas increased from 6% to 12%. In Periyakulam and Theni Talukthere is no change in Firkas category and remains the same as on 2011.This helps in focusing groundwater development in those taluks which arein the fringe of groundwater status.

Investigation of groundwater level is considered a prominent research topic for the study of underground hydrologic system. Due to the complexities of underground geological structure, the accuracy of real-time ground water level prediction is limited. In this study, a novel two-phase data-driven framework to model the time-series groundwater level with spatial–temporal analysis and least square support vector machine is proposed. Groundwater data collected from four monitoring sites in the northern region of United Kingdom is utilize in this study. In phase I, the time-series analysis is conducted to study the temporal characteristics of the groundwater. Based on the time-series analysis, least square support vector machine is performed to construct the prediction model to forecast the future groundwater level. In phase-II, the spatial correlation between the water levels in four sites are computed to construct a comprehensive model regarding the interrelation between the monitoring sites. Computational results illustrated the outperformance of least square support vector machine in predicting time-series groundwater levels compared with other state-of-arts machine learning algorithms. It has been demonstrated that the spatial–temporal model may serve as an applicable approach for the future research of groundwater resources.

With the growth of the city every year, it changes the composition of land use. City growth that occurs in line with the development of population, social activities and industrial activities that accompany it, resulting in increased demand for land availability that will be used to carry out various activities. The availability of land as a media for water absorption is decreasing while the use of ground water is continuously being explored to meet the needs of the community, social activities and industrial activities. Structure and texture as well as other organic elements take part in increasing the rate of soil permeability The use of ground water by the community and social activities is not greater than the use by industrial activities. At present, especially large cities with very rapid development of industrial activities are causing large groundwater usage. With the decreasing availability of infiltration land, making the process of water entering the soil less and less, if this happens continuously in the long run, it will cause a decrease in the ground water level, a decrease in land elevation, and easy sea water instruction. Therefore it is necessary to socialize to the public about the use of ground water so that the condition of groundwater is maintained.

This paper aims to analyze the variability of the levels of surface and ground water in the Ochożanka basin. The depth at which the ground water table occurred was studied with reference to the adopted land drainage standards. The studies were carried out in 2009/2010–2014/2015 for natural and regulated water outflows. The analysis of annual total precipitation in the analyzed period some years were very wet (2009/2010 and 2013/2014), some of them were wet (2010/2011, 2012/2013), one year was dry (2014/2015) and one year was normal (2011/2012). The six-year average seasonal precipitation amounted to 593 mm, which was 66 mm higher than average precipitation recorded in 30 years. Under regulated outflow conditions the level of water in the river ranged from 55 to 77 cm. The level of water under natural outflow ranged from 18 to 49 cm. In the area with regulated outflow the average ground water level was 47 cm. In the remaining area of drainage system ground water level was 67 cm. Also, the dynamics of variance in the water level under natural outflow conditions was clearly higher.

Pennar is an important river of Ananthapuram district where 80 per cent of the district is drained by the river. Ground water levels were monitored from a network of 71 observation wells four times in a year. The depth to water level during pre-monsoon (2005) range from 2.53 to 19.67 m below ground water level. Less fluctuation is observed in the areas where the water levels were comparatively shallow during pre-monsoon and where the slope is less. Generally in kalluamarri village September, October, November are the months where in the ground water levels are increasing. Similarly during the months from January to May there is no recharge of ground water.

The article evaluates the weather and hydrological impact on geotechnology when fragmented peat is milled and dried at a peat deposit. The amount of moisture feeding the fragmented peat of a deposit was studied and was determined to depend on the ground water level. The influence of drainage on the water regime of a high-more peat deposit and that of weather conditions on ground water level fluctuations over time have been evaluated at production sites with an open drainage network. When a peat deposit is drained, under the action of gravitation (the pressure differential in the ground and a drain), ground water seeps into the drains and is transported along them, down-grade, to the collection network and diverted from the drained area. The processes of moisture movement at a peat deposit help evaluate and justify measures to improve its water-air regime which is used in the development of intensive draining methods for a peat deposit and the maintenance of the necessary water regime in peat deposits.

Groundwater is an important resource in semi-arid Chile to meet local social, economic and environmental water demands. Historical ground water level (GWL) data (1986–2014) in the Coquimbo Region were analysed to characterize short and long-term alluvial aquifer dynamics. Long-term trends were assessed using a seasonal Mann-Kendall trend test, which indicated that more than 80% of the time series exhibit a negative trend. Short-term analysis using cross-correlation provided information on recharge origin and its spatial pattern. Runoff and GWL are highly correlated depending on elevation, signifying that stream to aquifer flow is an important recharge process at higher altitudes. Long-term recharge behaviour was characterized using time-frequency wavelet power spectra. The results show significant amplitude of the 5-year recharge period for GWL, which is driven by a 5-year El Niño index periodicity. Such results provide key information of the spatiotemporal functioning of aquifers.

Every year a huge amount of ground water pumped in Pilibhit district due to summer rice cultivation, causing depletion in water table. Remote Sensing and GIS techniques provide an advance and reliable information regarding the area sown under summer rice. The present study focused on the identification of area under summer rice cultivation in different years and its impact on ground water level. The Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Sentinel-2A satellite data were used to identify the area under summer rice. In the present study, the summer rice area estimation were done for the year 2012-2013, 2013-2014, 2014-2015, 2015-2016, 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 and as such, the rice area were estimated around 28667.08 ha, 29607.84 ha, 30382.62 ha, 31728.89 ha, 32675.38ha 32313.27 ha respectively. The cultivation of summer rice in above years (2012-2013 to 2017-2018) consumed around 100334783 m, 103627443 m, 106339173 m, 11105111.53 m, 114363833 m and 11309644.53 m of water respectively. The source of this huge amount of water is mainly ground water, which results in 2 to 3 feet depletion of water table in last decade and if this continues in future, the district of pilibhit will surely be faced severe scarcity of ground water.

To explore the evolution process of soil salinization in Shouguang, the current study applied the Pan and Multi-spectra Sensor (PMS), Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thematic Mapper (TM) data to establish a remote sensing monitoring model of soil salinization. Based on the vegetation and salinity indexes, we extracted the information of soil salinization in the flourishing period of plant growth in Shouguang in 2017. At the same time, we monitored the spatial and temporal patterns of soil salinization in Shouguang from 1998 to 2017. We compared the range of soil salinization reflected by remote sensing data and the regional groundwater level and revealed the formation and evolution mechanism of soil salinization in Shouguang. The results reflected that the distribution of soil salinization in Shouguang demonstrated obvious banding characteristics in distribution, and soil salinization gradually increased from the south to the north. Based on the imagery interpretation of Landsat images of three periods from 1998 to 2017, we found that the area of saline land in Shouguang severely decreased as a whole, but the coastal salinization intensified. Moreover, the inversion of surface soil salinity using the GF-1 satellite PMS image has a high precision, and the goodness of fit (R2) is up to 0.871. Compared with the GF-1 image, the Landsat image is more suitable for grading and monitoring soil salinization in a wide range. We also confirmed that the change in ground water level is the main reason for the evolution of salinization. Excessive exploitation of groundwater by vegetable production caused the intensification of seawater intrusion and secondary salinization in coastal areas, while the water level dropped in areas far from the coastline. To prevent the deterioration from soil salinization in Shouguang, it is necessary for us to extract the local groundwater resources reasonably and optimally.

The article contains proposals for double regulation of the groundwater level to obtain a high yield with the lowest water consumption. In the article, all side-by-side studies of the issues of double regulation of the groundwater level and scientifically-based proposals are given on them. The report contains the results of studies carried out at experimental sites in the Khojaili region and Kungrad regions of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. According to the data of the conducted field studies on the collector, the calculated parameters were obtained for double regulation by the construction of retaining structures. During the growing season, the collector was locked, and the optimal soil moisture was achieved and, accordingly, the yield of agricultural crops was increased.

Kubang Jaya village is located in a low land peat swampy area and often suffers from the flood in the rainy season. Swampy peat area generally has a high groundwater level; thus, it can immerse the septic tank in the housing in the area. The height of the groundwater table is approximately 50cm from the surface level, while the depth of the septic tank is 150cm. When the septic tank below groundwater level, this could cause a mix of soil water and septic tank waste. This community development activity aims to educate the community about sanitation and give lecture and training of installing bio-porta septic tank (bacterial portable septic tank) for housing in high groundwater level area. Bio-porta septic tank consists of two drums as sediment tank and aeration tank. Bio balls were used to speed up the decomposition by aerobic bacteria in the tank. An aerator was added to the installation to increase the proliferation of bacteria. The community development activities were pre-test, lecture, post-test, practical and cadre training. Results show that there was an increase of understanding and knowledge of community from 24% to 62% about the septic tank in high groundwater level area. The community also agreed to replace the conventional septic tank into the bio-porta septic tank in the future. The activity also has a positive impact on educating and changing the mindset and attitude the community of Kubang Jaya village in improving the sanitation with an intention to the bio-porta septic tank in the future. ABSTRACT (INDONESIAN): Desa Kubang Jaya merupakan kawasan dataran rendah rawa gambut dan sering mengalami banjir saat musim hujan. Lahan rawa gambut umumnya memiliki muka air tanah tinggi sehingga dapat merendam tangki septik pada perumahan yang terdapat di kawasan tesebut. Rata-rata tinggi muka air tanah sekitar ±50 cm, sedangkan kedalaman tangki septik warga sekitar ±150 cm dari permukaan tanah. Apabila tangki septik terendam, maka hal ini dapat mengakibatkan pencampuran air tanah dengan limbah tangki septik. Oleh karena itu dilakukan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat dengan memberikan pengetahuan mengenai sanitasi lingkungan dan memberikan penyuluhan serta pelatihan pembuatan tangki septik bio-porta (bacterial portable septic tank) untuk rumah di lingkungan dengan muka air tanah tinggi. Tangki septik bio-porta terdiri dari dua drum yang berfungsi sebagai tangki pengendapan dan tangki aerasi. Untuk mempercepat proses penguraian oleh bakteri aerob di dalam tangki maka digunakan bio ball atau rumah bakteri. Aerator ditambahkan pada instalasi untuk mempercepat perkembangbiakan bakteri aerob. Kegiatan pengabdian terdiri dari pre-test, penyuluhan, post-test, praktek, dan pelatihan kader. Hasil evaluasi kegiatan pengabdian menunjukkan terjadinya peningkatan pengetahuan masyarakat dari 24% menjadi 62% tentang tangki septik di lahan dengan muka air tanah tinggi. Masyarakat juga sangat setuju untuk mengganti tangki septik konvensional dengan tangki septik bio-porta di masa mendatang. Hasil kegiatan sangat berdampak positif untuk mengedukasi dan mengubah pola pikir serta sikap warga desa Kubang Jaya dalam memperbaiki sanitasi lingkungan tempat tinggal dengan keinginan untuk menggunakan tangki septik bio-porta di masa mendatang.

Kampung Babakan Cikeruh is a slope or ridge area , a few years ago this area did not experience any difficulty in water availability because the land had not yet changed its function, Since the development of the land conversion function as a housing area, it has caused a decrease in the ground water level in the dry season, so that it becomes a problem for residents because residents rely on wells to be a source of water for household needs every day. Based on these conditions, it is necessary to have groundwater conservation measures at the study site, so that groundwater level subsidence is not deep. The research methodology used to identify the problem, then determine the scope of the problem, conduct a literature review that is relevant to the problem under study, so that the formulation of the theoretical framework, hypotheses and conceptual concepts of the solution to the problem being examined, then make the method of conducting research including determining the location, gathering data and analysis, so as to produce solutions to the problems studied and researchers will provide conclusions. The researcher provides a solution in the form of leach absorption wells, and from 10 wells examined, the researcher makes infiltration wells that are between 3 adjacent wells and the results obtained 3 wells have a stable ground water level in the dry season. the conclusion is the effort to conserve water to maintain the stability of the ground water level in the dry season by making infiltration wells .

In the recent times, there has been an increasing demand for efficient strategies in the field of data assimilation about groundwater. Data mining process is a discovery of hiding information that utilizes the prediction efficiently by stochastic sensing concept. This paper proposes an efficient assessment of groundwater level, rainfall, population, food grains and enterprises dataset by adopting stochastic modeling and data mining approaches. Firstly, the novel data assimilation analysis is proposed to predict the groundwater level effectively. Experimental results are done and the various expected ground water level estimations indicate the sternness of the approach.

This study analyzed fluctuations of ground water level of ground water wells developed in Seongsan watershed of Jeju Island until 2013 using MODFLOW, a numerical analysis model. Ground water level shows greater fluctuations from increase of pump capacity compared to the number of ground water wells. The development of ground water at the top of watershed was found to have direct influence on ground water level. Ground water wells developed until 2013 were used to continue pumping for 50 days, and ground water level of coastal region was reduced below 50% compared to the standard water level. In addition, the range of fluctuation of water level was large in the east coast region, which represents the direction of flow of ground water.

Recently, due to the expansion of urban infrastructure for the citizen convenience, the shield tunnel construction has increased considering the civil complaints minimization and construction stability. Most shield tunnels are designed based on the assumption of the undrained condition that underground water does not inflow, but they are operated in the field as drained tunnels with drainage facility to drain underground water. Therefore, the drained condition needs to be considered in the shield tunnel design. It is also necessary to consider the weathered granite soil that is widely distributed throughout the country and consequently is encountered in most of construction sites. In this paper, the model test which can control total stress and pore water pressure and simulate the underground tunnel located in the weathered granite soil below ground water level is conducted. Total stress, pore water pressure and an inflow water into an inner pipe were measured using the testing device. Test results showed that the total stress in a drained condition was lower than in an undrained condition because pore water pressure decreased in a drained condition and an inflow water into an inner pipe was proportional to the loading stress in a drained condition. As a result, if a drained condition is considered in the shield tunnel design, the more economical design can be expected because of the stress reduction of the lining.

Unlike the primary consolidation settlement, the settlement of ground water lowering is not considered separately because of relatively small residual settlement. But the allowed residual settlement (30 mm) of the concrete track in the high-speed railway may be exceeded due to unexpected excessive ground water lowering. This study analyzed the effect of the settlement according to the ground water level change using finite element analysis of stress-pore pressure coupling model, and compared the analysis results with the measured data. As a result, the range of elasticity modulus satisfying the allowable settlement was proposed, and it is suggested that settlement due to ground water level changes should be reflected in the design.

Due to the inaccuracy and incapability of the conventional methods of monitoring the groundwater level in vacuum preloading, a visual apparatus of the measuring groundwater level has been designed. The proposed visual apparatus was efficiently developed based on the video camera technology. Utilizing a video camera system, it could be transmitted to the location of the groundwater level in real time to the image receiver. This paper proposes a novel approach using the visual measurement device and assess the conventional methods for performing ground improvement in an area located in Lianyungang, China. The groundwater level, vacuum pressure and the shear strength of soil were recorded during the vacuum consolidation process. Since groundwater level varied in vacuum consolidation, it would be necessary to analyze and assess the variation of shear strength of soil caused by changing the groundwater level. The results showed that the proposed approach is more reliable and intuitive than conventional methods in order to measure the groundwater level under vacuum preloading. Eventually, it is worth mentioning that, the shear strength of soft soil was different at above and below the groundwater level.

Two 500 m deep investigation shafts were excavating in the granite body in Mizunami, central Japan by JAEA (Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute) in 2004-2012. Groundwater with volume of 700 m3 was generally pumping a day to prevent the shafts from submerging in 2012 following the excavating. As a result of pumping the groundwater, the ground water level lowered to 60 m in the borehole with the distance of 200 m from the excavating shafts in 2012. Leveling network extending 2 km × 2 km around the shafts was established to detect the vertical deformation around the shafts in 2004, and precise leveling was done every year. An 18 mm ground subsidence was detected in the benchmark close to the shafts for 8 years in 2004-2012, and time series of subsidence at benchmark was consistent with the groundwater drawdown. The groundwater drawdown and ground subsidence were caused by the pumping ground water in excavating shafts.

Groundwater levels in embankments often rise due to heavy rainfall, which can occasionally cause embankments to collapse. In order to decrease the ground water level, it is important to take countermeasures to drain the water from areas in embankments which could weaken in heavy rain. The drain pipe method for embankments has been adopted widely by Japanese railways as a water draining method. However, installation specifications for drain pipes have not yet been established, and the finer details of construction work currently depend on experience. This study therefore set out to evaluate the effect of drain pipes quantitatively, with a view to proposing a set of installation specifications for drain pipes in embankments, based on the evaluation and considering the height of the embankment, external permeance, inter alia.

10th International Conference on Environmental Engineering, ICEE 2017 -- 27 April 2017 through 28 April 2017 -- -- 144736, Water resources managers can benefit from accurate prediction of the availability of groundwater. Ground water is a major source of water in Turkey for irrigation, water supply and industrial uses. The ground water level fluctuations depend on several factors such as rainfall, temperature, pumping etc. In this study, Hatay Amik Plain, Kumlu region was evaluated using Autoregressive (AR) and Support Vektor Machines (SVMs) methods. The monthly groundwater level was used the previous years data belonging to the Kumlu region. © 2017 Fatih Üneş, Mustafa Demirci, Yunus Ziya Kaya, Eyup Ispir, Mustafa Mamak. Published by VGTU Press. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY-NC 4.0) License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

The objective of the study was the estimation of decade variation of water content in layers with thickness of 0–10, 0–20, 0–40 and 0–60 cm of a bare light brown soil in the summer half-year (May–October) in the 10-year period of 2003–2012 against the background of agro-meteorological conditions. The study was based on results of measurement of the moisture of a bare soil with the use of the TDR method, sums of atmospheric precipitations and ground water levels, conducted in the area of the Agro- and Hydrometeorology Observatory of the Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, situated in Wrocław-Swojec. The analyses revealed slight variation of mean decade values of water content in the bare soil in the summer half-year during the ten-year period under analysis. Irrespective of the thickness of the soil layer, precipitation in the 10-year period of 2003–2012 had a highly significant effect on the water content in the 2nd decade of July. In the case of soil layers with thickness down to 0–20 cm a statistically significant relation between soil water content and ground water levels was noted for the 3rd decade of May, July, and in the 3rd decade of September. In the layer with thickness of 0–60 cm the relations were statistically significant almost throughout the summer half-year, with the exception of the 1st and 2nd decades of May. Analysis of trends of mean water content of the bare soil over the 10-year period of 2003–2012 indicated their statistically significant increase in the case of most of the decades of the summer half-year only in soil layers with thickness of 0–10 and 0–20 cm.

The seepage field regulation is important for the stability canal liner plate and slope for along the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, especially for stretches excavated in expensive soil area with groundwater level. In order to analyzing the rationality and efficiency of seepage regulation measures comprehensively, a typical section was modeled, and the seepage field was simulated with the 3D finite element technology. The distribution of seepage field was analyzed and the seepage control measures were compared. The results show that water pressure on the underside of canal pavement would be reduced significantly by the measures, such as the measure of drainage cushion with drainage holes which open just when ground water level is higher than the canal water level, the measure with drainage cushion replaced by the drainage board. The differences among the two kinds of measure were compared. Their application conditions were discussed and proposed.

The effect of embankments on the temperature regime of ground with continuous and discontinuous permafrost was simulated. Ground conditions are considered based on the example of the Zapolyarnoe field. The temperature dependences of the groundwater level and the capacity of the water-saturated embankment layer in the winter and summer were found. The most favorable conditions for irrigation of embankments for raising and lowering the ground temperature were ascertained.

The south Kalimantan Province has various soil characteristic, the difference of ground water level included . Experimental modeling of foot plate foundations in various ground water level is too difficult to be performed. There were so many variables that need to be evaluated in the modeling. The numerical model was based on finite element method such in Abaqus allowed the modeling of foot plate foundations with the various of ground water level. This study modeled the foot plate foundation structure where located on various ground water level by giving variations of the effect of water level to the elevation of the foundation. Water level variations are determined successively below the foundation elevation, the same as the foundation elevation and above the foundation elevation. The analysis performed is static structure analysis with idealization of 2D shell idealization. The result of the research showed that the ground water level effect the stress and deformation of soil closed to foundation elevation. The stress had been evaluated at the base of the foundation for each ground water level difference correspondently 16,53 MPa, 9.34 MPa and 3.59 MPa. The lowest stresses was occured in ground water elevation above the foundation elevation (78.28%).

In the period 1973-1975 the depth of the ground water level and the moisture of the surface soil layer were investigated in various plant communities of the "Grabowy" range in the Kampinos Forest Complex (central Poland). The studies included a fragment of a landscape phytocomplex within which eight types of forest plant communities were distinguished. It was found that the plant communities change parallelly to the differences in the soil-water conditions (ground water level, physical properties and moisture of soils) in space.

The marine sedimentary strata are spread in coastal area of Tianjin. Due to low soil strength, high underground water level and strong soil plasticity flow, instability accidents happened frequently in soft soil area. In the foundation excavation of underground station, because of stress release and change in ground water level, the differential settlement of surrounding buildings, ground crack and deformation of underground pipeline will happen. The stability of surrounding rocks in the foundation excavation of underground station has been calculated and analyzed by using numerical simulation method. The Surrounding soil deformation of foundation pit has been gotten to analyze.

In the future, the more frequent occurrence of severe heat waves and long dry periods due to climate change can cause lowering of the ground water level and therefore consolidation of the soil. Consequently, increased differential settlements are expected that may damage underground water infrastructure. Models were developed to assess the impact of differential settlements on pipe failure. The main concept of these models is that the pipe-soil system is schematized as a beam on an elastic foundation using Winkler type springs. For climate change induced settling, a parametric function of the soil settlement is proposed. A Monte-Carlo analysis has been applied to predict pipe failure probabilities.

This paper reviews the analytical solutions for the impact of land reclamation on the ground water level and the saltwater interface with unconfined groundwater conditions in coastal aquifers. The applicability of the analytical solutions is somewhat limited by assumptions such as Dupuit-type flow and the Ghyben-Herzberg relation. Variable-density flow and solute transport simulations conducted by the numerical code FEFLOW were used to evaluate the accuracy of these analytical solutions. Three field-scale hypothetical cases were simulated for the numerical verification. The results show that a seepage face occurs in the numerical results rather than in the analytical solutions, but only minor difference occurs between the numerical and analytical solutions. This implies that the analytical solutions are reasonable despite the used assumptions.