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The 4D microgravity method is becoming a mature technology. A project to develop practical measurement and interpretation techniques was conducted at Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, from 1994 through 2002. Beginning in 2003 these techniques have been systematically applied to monitor a waterflood in the gas cap of the Prudhoe Bay reservoir. Approximately 300 stations in a [Formula: see text] area are reoccupied in each survey year with sub-[Formula: see text] precision absolute gravity and centimeter precision Global Positioning System (GPS) geodetic measurements. The 4D gravity measured over epochs 2005–2003, 2006–2003, and 2007–2003 has been successfully modeled to track the mass of water injected since late in 2002. A new and improved version of the A-10 field-portable absolute gravity meter was developed in conjunction with this project and has proven to be a key element in the success of the 4D methodology. The use of an absolute gravity meter in a field survey of this magnitude is unprecedented. There are substantial differences between a 4D absolute microgravity survey and a conventional gravity survey in terms of station occupation procedures, GPS techniques, and the 4D elevation correction. We estimate that the overall precision of the 4D gravity signal in each epoch is less than [Formula: see text].

Typical geologic targets sought after in airborne gravity geophysical prospecting are in the 2 km – 20 km fullwavelength range. Current hardware configurations and well thought-out processing strategies can yield information for wavelengths as short as 9 km. Clearly there is a desire to obtain better resolution of both the amplitude and wavelength of the gravity signal. If airborne gravity provided resolution similar to that obtained in the marine environment, its use as a decision tool in exploration would be much improved. Table 1 depicts the differences in recoverable full wavelength resolution among land, marine and airborne gravimetry at the present time. Though airborne gradiometery seems to hold the most promise for breaking the 9 km wavelength barrier, until a practical gradiometer is designed, other methods to exploit and improve current state-of-the–art must be pursued. One such area for improvement is increasing the sampling rate of the gravity signal.