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Reduced graphene materials were prepared by different reducing approaches of graphite oxide, including chemical reduction and thermal reduction. In this study, the characteristics of reduced graphene and the lithium storage behavior of graphene-based anodes were investigated by SEM, BET, TPD, FTIR as well as C/D tests and Raman measurements. The electrochemical behaviors of reduced graphene materials were sensitive to reduction process, of which the capacity varying from 717 to 230 mAh/g. The enhanced capacity should not be predominantly attributed to exceptional high surface area and enlarged d-spacing, but rather more possible for existence of functional groups along with structure defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]