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The eight papers were selected for the best paper award in 2021 to 2022 from Materials Transactions. Here, the awarded papers are briefly summarized as current trends in research of Materials Transactions. Among the eight best papers, four were specially selected for young scientists whose ages are 35 or below. An important trend in the year of 2021 is that three best papers are from a special issue with the title of "Materials Science on Hypermaterials", which is based on an ongoing national research project, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the White Paper "Top-Up Loans for Students," which announced that the publicly-funded student maintenance grant would be partly replaced by a loan in Great Britain. It outlines the aims of higher education policy, since the White Paper should be judged by the extent to which it contributes to their achievement. It also discusses the British grants system, whereby students are maintained at taxpayer expense to an extent which is unusual by international standards. The article criticizes the weaknesses of the White Paper and shows how its proposals could beneficially be amended.

New multimodality imaging systems bring together anatomical and molecular information and require the competency and accreditation of individuals from both radiology and nuclear medicine. This paper sets out the positions and aspirations of the European Society of Radiology (ESR) and the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) working together on an equal and constructive basis for the future benefit of both specialties. ESR and EANM recognise the importance of coordinating working practices for multimodality imaging systems and that undertaking the radiology and nuclear medicine components of imaging with hybrid systems requires different skills. It is important to provide adequate and appropriate training in the two disciplines in order to offer a proper service to the patient using hybrid systems. Training models are proposed with the overall objective of providing opportunities for acquisition of special competency certification in multimodality imaging. Both organisations plan to develop common procedural guidelines and recognise the importance of coordinating the purchasing and management of hybrid systems to maximise the benefits to both specialties and to ensure appropriate reimbursement of these examinations. European multimodality imaging research is operating in a highly competitive environment. The coming years will decide whether European research in this area manages to defend its leading position or whether it falls behind research in other leading economies. Since research teams in the member states are not always sufficiently interconnected, more European input is necessary to create interdisciplinary bridges between research institutions in Europe and to stimulate excellence. ESR and EANM will work with the European Institute for Biomedical Imaging Research (EIBIR) to develop further research opportunities across Europe. European Union grant-funding bodies should allocate funds to joint research initiatives that encompass clinical research in diagnostic imaging in conjunction with research in mechanical and electronic engineering, informatics and biostatistics, and epidemiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recommendations of the 14th finance commission enabled States to improve their physical position by offering autonomy to implement development initiatives in the present research paper we are discussing recommendations of the 14th finance commission with new formula given by the constitution body which is giving way to the improvement in states fiscal positions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article announces the Best Paper Awards given by the "Journal of Composites for Construction," including the Best Basic Research Paper award to Ching Au and Oral Büyüküoztürk, and Best Applied Research Paper award to Lawrence C. Bank, Michael G. Oliva, Jeffrey S. Russell, David A. Jacobson, Mack Conachen, Bruce Nelson and Dennis McMonigal.

This article reports that in the most extensive scientific misconduct case the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has seen in decades, a researcher formerly at the University of Vermont College of Medicine in Burlington has admitted in court documents to falsifying data in 15 federal grant applications and numerous published articles. Eric Poehlman, an expert on menopause, aging, and metabolism, faces up to 5 years in jail and a $250,000 fine and has been barred for life from receiving any U.S. research funding. Last week the Department of Justice announced that the total was 17, and that NIH and the U.S. Department of Agriculture had given Poehlman $2.9 million in grants based on fraudulent applications. In addition to pleading guilty to making a false statement on a federal grant application, Poehlman agreed to pay $180,000 to settle a civil suit with the government.

Aimed at streamlining the grants process, Grants.gov is a new central listing of available awards from all 26 federal agencies that dole out money for research and other programs. The site will eventually allow one to download an application and submit the completed package online, using free software.

The Journal of Agricultural Meteorology is an international peer-reviewed open access journal published by the Society of Agricultural Meteorology of Japan. The journal aims to improve understanding of biophysical and biochemical processes in agriculture, forestry, and natural ecosystems at various scales. It covers a wide range of topics including weather disasters, climate change, soil environments, plant response to environmental change, remote sensing, and adaptation and mitigation strategies. The journal has been publishing important original papers and review articles for 80 years and has recently started a program to enhance its international dissemination and editing management. This collection of articles is the first compilation by the managing editor and showcases the latest research activities in the field. [Extracted from the article]

The intent of the paper is to evaluate the progress of R&D in the field of fullerene science in Russia in comparison with the world trends. With that end in view we use the databases (DBs) of Scientific and Technical Network International (STN) and also less known Russian DBs: of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (applications and grants received, research teams, titles and abstracts of the papers, published by projects participants); of ROSPATENT (patents), and of the Russian Higher Certification Commission (dissertation abstracts). Together with bibliometric statistics, institutional structure and socioeconomic problems of the scientific field development are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In celebration of the 75th anniversary of The Research Quarterly/Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport (RQ/RQES) an analysis was conducted comparing RQ/RQES to numerous other journals in the field with regard to impact factors and citation rates. A series of analyses was conducted from the first publication of RQ/RQES in 1930 through this 75th edition to identify total citations by decade, the tap 10 cited tapers, tap cited papers by decade, the top three papers in 5-year intervals from the 50th anniversary issue in 1980 through 2001, and the outstanding research writing award papers since this award began 23 years ago. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In March 1999, Qualidata secured a grant from George BROWN, via the Medical Research Council to undertake the preparation, scanning, documentation and archiving of data and documentation from the lifetime research of Professor George BROWN. The research, comprising a very large resource of both qualitative and quantitative materials, dates back to the 1960s and is considered, internationally, to be among the most pioneering work on socio-economic aspects of mental health and the social aetiology of depression. It has already been in regular use for many years, both for ongoing research and for teaching purposes. In this paper we will describe: the logistics of conducting and managing the huge task of scanning the paper-based materials; tying this in with the quantitative data; and documenting the data in order to make them a useful resource for researchers. Because the data are very sensitive we also mention ways of enabling the most appropriate access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although solar activity may significantly impact the global environment and socioeconomic systems, the mechanisms for solar eruptions and the subsequent processes have not yet been fully understood. Thus, modern society supported by advanced information systems is at risk from severe space weather disturbances. Project for solar–terrestrial environment prediction (PSTEP) was launched to improve this situation through synergy between basic science research and operational forecast. The PSTEP is a nationwide research collaboration in Japan and was conducted from April 2015 to March 2020, supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan. By this project, we sought to answer the fundamental questions concerning the solar–terrestrial environment and aimed to build a next-generation space weather forecast system to prepare for severe space weather disasters. The PSTEP consists of four research groups and proposal-based research units. It has made a significant progress in space weather research and operational forecasts, publishing over 500 refereed journal papers and organizing four international symposiums, various workshops and seminars, and summer school for graduate students at Rikubetsu in 2017. This paper is a summary report of the PSTEP and describes the major research achievements it produced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the relationship between patenting and publishing at the project level. It uses Japan's Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research database. Japan's Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research is the major funding source for academic researchers in Japan. This database provides information on inputs (budget, period, project members, etc.) and outputs (publications and patents) from each funded research project. The main finding is that patenting has a curvilinear correlation with higher impact, i.e. the number of higher impact publications from funded research projects increases with the number of patents only to a certain amount, and after a peak, it decreases. Our finding implies that if a finding is a relatively significant and marketable breakthrough, researchers who have the possibility of patenting in mind become less likely to share their results openly. Meanwhile, previous studies implicitly assumed that researchers have to make a choice between basic or applied research projects, or for a particular research project choose to make it more applied or basic. Another finding of this study is that the assumption applies to projects. Our findings imply that a heavy emphasis on patenting may reduce the amount of high-quality publishing of scientific research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article contains organizational news related to sport psychology. The Canadian Society for Psychomotor Learning and Sport Psychology has invited its student members to submit scholarly papers for the 1988 Young Scientist Award. Also, the International Council of Sport Science and Physical Education plans to award as many as 15 grants to assist young sport scientists to attend the Olympic Scientific Congress.

This section offers news briefs relating to the International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) grants and awards, including the objectives and requirements for the IFLA International Marketing Award for 2011 by the IFLA Section on Management and Marketing and Emerald and the winners of the IFLA Library and Information Science (LIS) Student Paper Award 2010 include Chiara Consonni, David Ricardo Ramírez Ordóñez and Jonathan Hernández Pérez.

Focuses on the establishment of a regional training center for pulp and paper technology by the Mid-State Technical College in Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin. Annual production of paper in the state; Amount of the grant to provide the pulp and paper sector of the U.S. forest products industry with a technologically advanced workforce; Importance of training and education for the paper industry.

The article presents a conference paper in response to another paper published in this same issue titled "What Can Europe Do For Itself?," by Calvin B. Hoover. The author agrees with Hoover's assessment and concern about the control of inflation in Europe and presents a solution that involves grants-in-aid which would allow the U.S. some control in controlling inflation through central banks. Discussion of trade barriers and price controls is also presented.

Focuses on the release of discussion papers by the Labour and Conservative Parties with regards to the grants-in-aid to the Arts Council of Great Britain. Thoughts on the increase in support from public subsidy from the central and local government; Contention of the author that both papers criticize local authorities for inadequate support; Differences on the financial approaches of both parties with regards to government support on the arts.

In May 2005, a decision was taken by the Shirley Glasstone Hughes (SGH) Foundation trustees to suspend investments in research for one year, to allow a review of the outcomes of SGH research funding over the past 15 years. Money was instead directed to the BDA Research Unit, to employ a staff member who would conduct the evaluation under the supervision of the BDA Scientific Adviser. The evaluation focused on three aspects of the research produced: 1) relevance to primary dental care, 2) scientific quality and impact on the research community, and 3) grant recipients' feelings about SGH funding and whether the mechanisms of supporting research could be improved. The methods used included questioning BDA members about the research they found of interest and relevance, checking research outputs against standardised quality criteria, examining impact factors and citation rates (relative to the funding received) and questioning grant recipients about their experience with SGH funding. The results implied that the fund had largely been spent on research themes felt to be relevant to practice by BDA members. In addition, the publication rate, publication quality, impact and citation indices demonstrated the SGH research work to be largely of high quality. Recipients of the fund indicated several factors which might improve the experience of receiving funding and possibly also improve the research output. It can be concluded that the SGH funds have largely been well spent but that it is worth considering implementing changes which would make the research findings of greater relevance to clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To provide some direction for those interested in obtaining funding with the purpose of highlighting opportunities for beginner researchers in the health-care field. Method: Features of a good grant application are described and an audit of seven mental health professional journals was undertaken, the latter to determine, inter alia, whether the paper reported research findings and whether the authors received formal research funding. Result: The audit revealed that many types of papers that are published do not receive formal research funding and describe, for example, services, training issues, clinical practice and education programmes. Conclusion: Innovative and enterprising efforts are required to secure clinical research funding. Submissions must be detailed, comprehensive and relevant, but the onus is also on the researcher to ensure a feasible study, where funding obligations can be fulfilled and findings readily disseminated. Many research studies are conducted without achieving competitive funding, and getting published – and getting started in writing – does not hinge on conducting formal research or receiving research funding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is an editorial from the journal Biophysics & Physicobiology, titled "Singularity Biology and Beyond." The editorial discusses the concept of singularities, which are system-wide drastic changes that can occur in various contexts, such as the emergence of life or the advancement of artificial intelligence. The editorial highlights the research efforts of the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Area "Singularity Biology," which brings together researchers from diverse disciplines to study how rare cells, called "singularity cells," can trigger significant changes in multicellular systems. The editorial also mentions the development of an advanced imaging system called "AMATERAS" and the integration of data obtained from this system into the Systems Science of Biological Dynamics (SSBD) database. The goal is to promote open science and make the database as accessible as other scientific databases. The editorial concludes by introducing a special issue of the journal featuring papers related to Singularity Biology. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the work of the National Bureau of Economic Research in 1953. Seven reports were published by the National Bureau in 1953. The preparation of a number of others was effectively advanced during the period, and work on several new projects was started. New research in the field of international economic relations developed further in 1953. A project was begun that would develop index numbers of prices and quantities for the exports and imports of the United States, by commodity groups, beginning in 1869. Another project that involved construction of estimates of the Canadian balance of payments back to 1868 was completed. Plans were completed for a project on the structure of world trade and payments, and operations were begun with the aid of a special grant of funds. Plans for a study to determine the trends in the output of the Russian economy were drawn up and a special grant of funds was obtained to conduct it. A study of wages and productivity in the United States was planned in 1953 which would deal with money and real wages from 1860 to 1952 and with productivity from 1899 to 1952.

A typical day for an academic chemist is a whirlwind of activity, where multitasking and effective time management ensure success. One major focus is securing research grants, and much of that process requires keeping up to date with the scientific literature. Many chemists have established mechanisms to identify and store papers relevant to their research program. Now they are turning to new tools to aggregate, personalize, and share their knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Federal Government is introducing a new funding model for research in Australian higher education institutions, the Research Quality Framework (RQF). This paper provides an overview of the RQF and looks at possible impacts of the RQF on academic libraries in Australia. These impacts are drawn from experience at one Australian university, RQF-related activities, and commentary and research from the UK, where a similar funding model, the Research Assessment Exercise (RAE), has been operating for a decade. The paper concludes by bringing these issues together with suggestions for academic libraries preparing for the 2008 RQF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Expertise in monitoring and measuring effectiveness in the grant-funded sector has been developing and improving for several years. However, can grant-making bodies improve their effectiveness by using predictive techniques to inform their decision-making? This paper reports work with two UK grant-making bodies, the government-funded New Opportunities Fund (now incorporated into the Big Lottery Fund) and the longstanding independent grant-maker City Parochial Foundation. • The study used classification and prediction tools based on support vector machine mathematics to undertake predictive analysis of the data, the results of which were then compared with post hoc qualitative review by practitioners in the grant-making bodies. The study demonstrates statistically significant predictive capability for a New Opportunities Fund (NOF) programme but not for the City Parochial Foundation's grant programme. • These findings reflect significant procedural and cultural differences between the two grant-makers, although the differing quantities of data available for analysis in each case was also a factor. In particular, the pre-funding assessment processes and the post-project evaluation processes are significantly different. • This paper suggests a model for distinguishing between types of grant-making body and also assesses various procedural and cultural styles amongst grant-makers. Further, it demonstrates visualization techniques that can be applied alongside predictive tools to help interpret the predictions. The paper indicates that predictive analytics can improve the funding effectiveness of relatively large, structured grant-making bodies and identifies areas for further research linking grant-making practice with organizations' strategic decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through the European Social Fund (ESF) and the Fund for European Aid to the Most Deprived (FEAD), the European Union (EU) acts as a 'material supporter' of national welfare states. Remarkably, the European Social Fund Plus, integrating ESF and FEAD, is presented as the main financial instrument to implement the European Pillar of Social Rights (EPSR). This raises the question of what these levers can do in terms of financial support, especially for Member States with greater social needs. By using the Social Scoreboard indicators that monitor the implementation of the EPSR, we analyse the size and distribution of ESF and FEAD according to Member States' economic capacity, social needs and efforts required to meet the European social goals. We find that the funds benefit relatively more the poorer Member States who also tend to have greater social needs. However, especially for ESF, there are significant deviations from this general pattern. Some countries consistently receive less funding than others with similar levels of social needs, and vice versa. Moreover, if, from the perspective of upward convergence, the budgets are expressed as a percentage of the efforts required to lift all income‐poor citizens to the EU‐wide at‐risk‐of‐poverty threshold, countries who need to make the greatest efforts receive less funding. These outcomes are partly driven by the funds' allocation rules, which give only little importance to the great social discrepancies between countries. This raises the question whether social needs should be taken more into account in the distribution of the funds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This section introduces a series of articles, which focused on professional domains and attempts to engage with policy and practice for various child- and family-related issues. The paper by Roberts and Lawton reports an analysis of families receiving grants from the Family Fund Trust, which is aimed at identifying transport-related costs, including the characteristics of the children who incurred those costs, in relation to severely disabled children. The paper by Watt and Higgins discusses and analyzes the findings from a study conducted on the extent of use, and usefulness, of the "Turn Your School Round" package, which has been used in Scottish schools with a view to creating a "listening" school which promotes discipline. The paper by Iwaniec and Herbert addresses the difficulties in defining and implementing interventions in relation to emotional abuse. The paper by Atwool critically analyzes the extent to which New Zealand children have benefited from New Right economic policies. The paper also argues that the invisibility of children, the role of public concern about children, and the social construction of childhood are factors which have facilitated implementation of these changes. In the process, the paper makes a significant contribution, not only to current policy debates in an international context, but also to the development of conceptual and theoretical issues surrounding the social theory of childhood and its implications for policy analysis.

The arrangements for lower level governments to finance public goods are complex. Combinations of grant mechanisms and local taxes are often regarded as unfair, opaque or ineffective, and therefore tend to lack legitimacy. This paper explores the design of a new fiscal framework for regional public finance, building from principles rather than an ad hoc political process. It also considers the possibility that a region may choose to leave the federation or union. To offset this possibility, and within certain bounds, our framework allows subnational jurisdictions to decide unilaterally how much tax autonomy and fiscal responsibility they wish to adopt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Grants between governments fall into one of two basic categories, general purpose grants or grants specified (ear-marked) for a particular purpose. Each category, in turn, may or may not have conditions attached requiring the recipient to match, in whole or part, the monies received, This paper is concerned with specific but nonmatching grants in the context of local council spending on local roads in South Australia. The objective is to consider whether grants of this type have had the effect of modifying the amount spent on local roads. More precisely, this paper considers whether the specificity of the grants has been an effective condition or whether general-purpose grants of an equivalent size would have resulted in a similar level of roads expenditure. The paper is divided into four sections. The first section considers the theoretical aspects of the type of grant involved. It is shown that the impact of grants in this nonmatching case, is an empirical issue. The second part of the paper specifies a model for measuring this impact. The third and fourth sections, present the results of applying the model, first to 90 South Australian district councils and then to 34 municipal councils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]