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It has been proven through past research that students' mastery of Arabic language grammar remains at a low level. This condition is attributed to the less efficient teaching methods practised by Arabic teachers due to their use of traditional teaching methods. Therefore, this study aims to review the teaching methods of Arabic language grammar practised by Arabic teachers upon the effectiveness of the teaching methods in facilitating the students’ improvement in Arabic language grammar. A qualitative design was employed by focusing on case studies in various places. Through a purposive sampling, the respondents of this study comprised Arabic language teachers from National Religious High Schools (SMKA), Government Aided Religious Schools (SABK), and State Religious Secondary Schools (SMAN) in Perlis and Kedah, Malaysia. Subsequently, it was found that the majority of Arabic language teachers still practised teacher-oriented teaching methods compared to student-oriented teaching methods such as lectures, memorisation, repetition (at-tikrar), and translation. The teachers determined the effectiveness of their teaching methods in assisting the students in mastering the Arabic language grammar based on the students’ results of assignments, answers, or responses. Based on several language tests conducted by the teacher, the aforementioned results should be satisfactory. Notably, this study would be a reference for academics and educators’ development and diversification of teaching methods that are more interesting and suitable for the students’ improvement in their mastery of Arabic language grammar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Socotri language is one of the languages that has withstood the impact of Standard Arabic. It has its own characteristics and features, some of which pose obstacles and problems for students. This study aims to uncover those problems, such as the absence of certain Arabic sounds in Socotri, the morphological tilting towards yā’a and kasra, the fact that it is not a parsed language. These problems manifest when the student attempts to speak, read, and write Arabic, represented by the large number of spelling, morphological, and grammatical errors. This study attempts to describe these problems and seeks to provide solutions and treatments, and raises the issue to researchers. It consists of an introduction that includes the research problem, aims, questions, previous studies, methodology, limits, and a preamble discussing whether Socotri is a dialect or a language? As well as there are two sections: the first deals with phonological and morphological problems, and the other deals with grammatical problems and others. The findings of this research emphasize that Socotri is a language with a linguistic duality with Arabic, which causes pronunciation deviations, and the presence of sounds in Arabic that do not exist in Socotri is one of the reasons for the student to make mistakes. The study also comes to the result that the lack of stock of Arabic words and sentences, and poor writing and spelling are among the reasons for the student’s weakness in the rules of grammar and morphology. The research recommends studying the phonetic differences between Arabic and Socotri languages and collecting and studying common linguistic errors in Socotra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abū ḥayyān's Approach to Ibn Mālik's Criticisms of al-Zamakhsharī This article aims to examine the grammatical criticisms directed by Ibn Mālik (d. 672/1274), who holds an important place in the history of naḥw (Arabic grammar), towards al-Zamakhsharī (d. 538/1144), a scholar who lived approximately a century before him and was frequently referred to by researchers in the fields of naḥw and tafsīr (Qur'ānic exegesis). It also intends to analyze the approach of Abū ḥayyān al-Andalusī (d. 745/1344), a prominent figure known for his works in various fields including naḥw, fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence), tafsīr, qirā'āt(Recitation of the Qur'ān) and ḥadīth, to these criticisms. In his tafsīr titled al-Baḥr al-Muḥīṭ, Abū ḥayyān accuses al-Zamakhsharī of deviating from the general rules and principles of naḥw by distorting verses and resorting to forced interpretations. However, in his work al-Tadhyīl wa-al-Takmīl fī Sharḥ Kitāb al-Tashīl, Abū ḥayyān, sharing the same doctrinal orientation as Ibn Mālik, is seen to agree with Zamakhsharī in response to certain syntactic criticisms directed at Zamakhsharī by Ibn Mālik. This situation, which in one respect points to Abū ḥayyān's mature scientific personality, in another aspect shows the soundness of the scientific methodology on which he is based. By focusing on Ibn Mālik's Sharḥ al-Tashīl and Abū ḥayyān's al-Tadhyīl wa-al-Takmīl fī Sharḥ Kitāb al-Tashīl as the main sources, this study, in our opinion, points to the depth and richness of naḥw history. Additionally, its ability to bring to light discussions that transcend doctrinal boundaries is one of the significant aspects that make this study noteworthy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arabic grammar learning is challenging and complex for learners to understand. This research aims to investigate lecturers and students learning Arabic grammar with an active learning model. This research uses a qualitative research method with an investigative approach. The data was obtained through interviews with four lecturers (Nahwu and Sharaf course teachers) and four students. It was then categorized, interpreted, and analyzed. The results showed that Arabic grammar learning already uses an active learning model. This is evidenced by the following five aspects: the application of student-centered learning, the use of engaging learning media, the creation of a pleasant environment, the use of problem-solving-based learning, and teamwork/collaboration in learning. The results of this study have an excellent opportunity to be adopted in Arabic language learning by all Islamic universities around Indonesia, especially in learning Nahwu and Sharaf. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a well-established strategy in the educational traditions of Islam, copying texts (imitating a model) has played a crucial role in learning the Holy Quran and the Arabic language. This study delves into the necessity of understanding how this traditional strategy influences the learning of foreign languages. Using 18 hours of strategy-based instruction, this paper examines the efficacy of text copying in learning grammar (independent variable), as evidenced by a series of grammar tests and surveys assessing learners' perceptions (dependent variables). The study draws upon data from two groups of college-level English as Foreign Language (EFL) learners, comprising a control group (n=10) and an experimental group (n=11), all categorized at the A2 proficiency level according to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). The findings suggest that text copying enhances learners' grammatical understanding and contributes to overall satisfaction in learning a foreign language, as indicated by improved test scores and positive learner feedback. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides an insightful exploration into the burgeoning field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the domain of Arabic language learning. With the rapid advancements in AI technologies, there has been a notable surge in interest and research focusing on its application within language education, particularly for less commonly taught languages like Arabic. This paper synthesizes the current state of AI in Arabic language learning, discussing various AI-driven approaches, tools, and applications employed in this domain. Furthermore, it highlights the challenges and opportunities encountered, and proposes future directions for harnessing AI to enhance Arabic language acquisition and proficiency. This article delves into the existing landscape of AI applications in Arabic language learning. It discusses the utilization of AI-driven techniques such as Natural Language Processing (NLP), Machine Learning (ML), and Deep Learning (DL) in developing intelligent tutoring systems, language learning platforms, and educational games tailored for Arabic learners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to present and analyze the first Arabic language grammar produced in Chile, the Gramática de la Lengua Árabe [Grammar of the Arabic Language] by Luțfī 'Abd al-Badī' in 1967. To this end, we first discuss the interest that this grammar presents for the study of Arabic language learning in Chile. Secondly, we present an analysis of the grammar, highlighting its various elements, a brief biography of the author, and its possible influences. Finally, we propose some ways to pursue this research. A tentative bibliography of Luțfī 'Abd al-Badī', and an obituary are presented at the end of the article as appendices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores a specialised corpus-based approach to forensic authorship analysis of Najdi Arabic Tweets, the significance of ideolect and idiolectal style, and online identity construction by Twitter users writing in Arabic using computer-mediated communication theory. Topics discussed include potential of the WEKA machine learning tool to attribute authorship using a lexico-grammatical feature set, collective identity of authors, classifiers and parameters that can identify authorship.

Arabic Grammar upon which we develop mastery in the use of the language structure. It is aimed at equipping us with analytical skills to examine the nature of Arabic language by introducing you to Arabic Grammar upon which you will be able to identify types of noun which deal with different kind of number such as singular, dual and plural forms. Therefore, this study focuses on the impact of unique linguistic features of Arabic language which has to do with the number. To be more precise, dual plural maker seems to be very significant knowledge to people who use Arabic language in Nigeria for different purpose. The method use for scouting information in this study is secondary. This is because efforts are made to source relevant data from theoretical and primary research works such as journal articles, Textbooks, Seminars and e-materials from Internet. The findings of this study include: the singular noun, the dual noun and the plural noun. This is no doubt has found to be unique linguistic feature because most languages in Nigeria do not have the dual markers. It has now contributed to the existing literature in the field of languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the philological data criteria used for exploring the genuine meanings and denominators of Arabic verbatim of the Qur'ān by Muslim exegetes of the classical period, with a special focus on the philological ramification of the commentary of dhālika l-kitāb pattern in Q 2:2. Having attained the status of a corpus (kitāb) in the aftermath of a very long-phased oral tradition, the Qur'ān's textus receptus reflects both portrayals of verbality and scriptural traits embedded in its Arabic verbatim yielded by the compilation process. The Qur'ān, representing a junction spot for oral and written traditions in Arab culture, is known to be molded according to the Arabic language register and also formalized the language's post facto grammar. In this vein, the Qur'ānic text bears a reflexive affiliation with its pertinent language. This article argues that the lingual reciprocity between the Qur'ānic text and its language underwent a critical suspension through commentaries when the case was Qur'ān's al-kitāb. In this article, the first layer of the data reflects the historical background of the term kitāb. Then, it construes the word within Qur'ān's cross-references. It exemplifies commentaries on the dhālika l-kitāb pattern, circumventing philological evidence. After elucidating different grounds leading to philological ramification, I argue that a philological inference from the Qur'ān nests in its fullest sense only when the commentator credits historical data and cross-references within the Qur'ānic content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Scientific Journal of King Faisal University, Humanities & Management Sciences is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research aims to discuss the grammar of the Arabic language from two angles: the philosophy of language as a full-fledged structure, and Arabic grammar as a description of this entity. Accordingly, the research raises the fundamental question of whether the rules of the Arabic language should be presented to non-native speakers in terms of Arabic grammar to facilitate and simplify learning, or whether starting with the language itself and its representations, formulating its rules to meet the learners’ needs is more worthwhile and compatible with modern linguistic lessons? Branching from this question are legitimate sub-questions about the renewal of Arabic grammar and its consequences, the usefulness of old Arabic grammar in language acquisition, the specificity of non-native Arabic learners and their needs. As required by the nature of the research, the article seeks to present a linguistic approach that can serve as a scientific basis for use in preparing a matrix to compose an educational curriculum for non-Arabic speakers to learn Arabic grammar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

an-Naḥv science, which is among the Arabic language sciences, focuses on Arabic grammar and has an important place in the history of Islamic science and thought. It is possible to divide Arabic literature in general, and the science and history of an-Naḥv in particular, into various periods from the time of ignorance to the present day. One of these periods is the Ottoman period, which covers the period between 1516 and 1802, and holds an important place in Arabic literature. During the Ottoman period, great importance was given to Arabic, which formed the basis of classical sciences, and linguistic sciences based on Arabic were mainly taught in the madrasahs of this period. On the basis of these sciences, there is aṣ-S̠arf, an-Naḥv and al-balāġah. 'Ābidīn Pasha is one of the late Ottoman scholars; He is a versatile scholar who has written works on many fields, from syntax to literature, from Sufism to theology, from philosophy to economics and the stock market. 'Ābidīn Pasha was born in Preveza in 1843. While he served as governor in many places, such as Selānik, Adana, Sivas, Ankara, and Cezāyir-i Baḥr-i Sefīd (Mediterranean Islands), he also served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs for a short time. Pasha, who was fluent in Arabic, Persian, Albanian, French, and Greek, wrote poems in Greek. 'Ābidīn Pasha stands out mostly with his Mes̠nevī commentary. However, it is possible to say that his treatises and works on other fields are also very valuable. 'Ābidīn Pasha, who knew five different languages well, also wrote a work on Arabic grammar called Ber Ṭarz-ı Nevīn Nahv-i 'Arabī. The work was printed on 1312/1895 at the Rhodes Cezāyir-i Baḥr-i Sefīd Provincial Printing House and was transferred to the digital environment in 2012 by the Istanbul Development Agency within the scope of the project of cataloging rare works of the Ottoman period. Although most of 'Ābidīn Pasha's works have been discussed in various studies, no separate study has been conducted on his work Ber Ṭarz-ı Nevīn Nahv-i 'Arabī. Descriptive and explanatory methods were used in this study. This work has been examined under two main headings: general grammar and al-i'rāb subjects. In the work, subjects such as word types, al-avāmil as-Samā'ıyya and al-avāmil al-kıyāsiyya, almarfu' āt, al-mansûbāt and al-macrûrāt are discussed in detail. In addition to these, the issues of al-i'rāb al-lafzī, al-i'rāb at-takhdīrī and al-i'rāb al-mahallī are also discussed, but the al-i'rāb of subjects such as "kāne" - "inne" and others like them, at-ta'kīd, al-badal, atf al-bayān has not been entered into in detail. Subjects such as at-tahzīr, al-iġrā, al-ihtisās, expressions indicating exaggeration, ism at-tafdīl, and verbs expressing praise, blame, or surprise were not touched upon. It can be stated that 'Ābidīn Pasha did not address such issues for reasons such as the topics being less usable than others or the book being a concise work. In this respect, it can be said that the work was written with the aim of teaching syntax in a short and easy manner. The author did not include an independent bibliography in his work. However, It is possible to say that basic grammatical works such as the Birgivī Mehmed Efendi's al-'Avāmil ve al-İzhār, İbn al-Hājib's al-Kāfiye, İbn Hişām's Muğnī al-Labīb and Kavâ'id al-İ'rāb, al-Kāfiye commentary, also known as Molla Câmî (al-Favā'id az-Ziyā'iyye) in relation to the person who commented, are among the sources of 'Ābidīn Pasha. Until the Tanzimat period in the Ottoman Empire, independent works, commentaries, and annotations related to an-naḥv were generally written in Arabic. With Tanzimat, ideas such as Turkishness in the language, writing works in Turkish, searching for new methods in teaching grammar, and facilitating grammar gained importance. In fact, after the Tanzimat period, works centering on these ideas increased. It can be said that 'Ābidīn Pasha, who wrote his work in Turkish, was also influenced by these thoughts and aimed to teach an-naḥv to the students using a new method based on their mother tongue. It can be stated that Abidin Pasha also had the idea of teaching an-naḥv easily or making it easier. When Arabic grammatical subjects were generally covered in detail, the fact that 'Ābidīn Pasha did not go into detail regarding these subjects refers to the same point. In fact, in the title of his work, he states that he deals with Arabic nahw using a new method. In his work titled Ber Ṭarz-ı Nevīn Nahv-i 'Arabī, 'Ābidīn Pasha firstly explains the concepts related to the subject he deals with in Turkish. In this context, he includes basic concepts such as an-naḥv, al-i'rāb, al-mabnī, al-mu'rab. He then explained the topics covered with many examples. The method of handling 'Ābidīn Pasha's work and the division of subjects are largely similar to the works. After describing an-naḥv, he started his work with the classical classification of words consisting of nouns, verbs, and letters/prepositions. In this context, it can be said that it is in the line of Sībeveyhi and İbn al-Hājib. A similar situation exists for other issues discussed. However, explaining the subject with examples from the Qur'an, hadith and old Arabic poetry, which is frequently seen in classical works, is not frequently seen in 'Ābidīn Pasha's work. All of the grammatical concepts discussed in the work titled Ber Ṭarz-ı Nevīn Nahv-i 'Arabī are explained in Ottoman Turkish. In this context, it is very important to provide Turkish explanations of the concepts of an-naḥv. Therefore, this work contains important materials for dictionary writers, especially in the context of an-naḥv. All Arabic examples given in this work have been translated into Turkish. It can be said that the aim here is for students who want to learn Arabic grammar at a basic level to understand the subjects more quickly by associating examples with their native language. Another aspect that makes the work important is that 'Ābidīn Pasha includes separately the issues that are likely to be confused with each other in the syntax under the title of al-ikhtār/warning. In addition, it also includes situations that are irregular or exceptional in Arabic grammar. In this way, it attempts to eliminate possible confusion that may arise in the reader's mind. Using this method, he followed a different method from the works written in the classical period. In fact, this method is not often encountered in classical studies. The author, who thinks that Arabic grammar cannot be learned without much consideration, states that he wrote his work using a new method and fluent style. Even though 'Ābidīn Pasha includes some features and rules in the context of grammar, he said that it is only possible to know some words fully with semā,' "the habit of hearing and reading a lot of text." While the method of the work is mostly similar to classical works written in the Ottoman period, it differs from them at some points. There were no exercises regarding the topics discussed in this study. Although the sources mention that the work was used in the madrasahs of the Tanzimat period, there is no information that it was taught as a textbook. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of ABHATH is the property of ABHATH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The correction of grammatical errors in natural language processing is a crucial task as it aims to enhance the accuracy and intelligibility of written language. However, developing a grammatical error correction (GEC) framework for low-resource languages presents significant challenges due to the lack of available training data. This article proposes a novel GEC framework for low-resource languages, using Arabic as a case study. To generate more training data, we propose a semi-supervised confusion method called the equal distribution of synthetic errors (EDSE), which generates a wide range of parallel training data. Additionally, this article addresses two limitations of the classical seq2seq GEC model, which are unbalanced outputs due to the unidirectional decoder and exposure bias during inference. To overcome these limitations, we apply a knowledge distillation technique from neural machine translation. This method utilizes two decoders, a forward decoder right-to-left and a backward decoder left-to-right, and measures their agreement using Kullback-Leibler divergence as a regularization term. The experimental results on two benchmarks demonstrate that our proposed framework outperforms the Transformer baseline and two widely used bidirectional decoding techniques, namely asynchronous and synchronous bidirectional decoding. Furthermore, the proposed framework reported the highest F1 score, and generating synthetic data using the equal distribution technique for syntactic errors resulted in a significant improvement in performance. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework for improving grammatical error correction for low-resource languages, particularly for the Arabic language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe in this paper the adopted approach combining a phrase structure grammar and dependency rules to develop AlkhalilPArser. The general architecture of this parser is composed of three main levels. The first level includes basic tasks such as tokenization, part-of-speech tagging, and chunking. The next level deals with analysis tasks such as managing common, internal and external dependencies according to the nature of the proposal. The last level detects and corrects anomalies. This parser is an extension to verbal sentences of a system previously designed for parsing the nominal sentences. Several modifications have been made to adapt this system to all types of sentences and improve its accuracy. The tests carried out on a representative corpus and the comparisons with other parsers testify to the robustness of our system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to investigate the system of the Arabic sentence and the arrangement of its units within an attributive structure that means intended or unintended meanings in regulating compounds that have the structure and consistency of its limbs and the harmony of its components and the interdependence of its parts. The predicate structure in the Arabic sentence means placing the parts in a grammatical-synthetic-semantic and rhetorical structure. Among the components of the structural system of the sentence, we mention the following: - Its ability to disassemble and analyze into parts called components. - Each type of component performs a function that contributes to the meaning of the structure. - The components of the structure are linked to each other by relationships that serve the unity of the structure. From this point of view, the sentence, as the subject of grammar and the pillar of building texts, is a compound based on a relationship of attribution in which the basic sentence form may be satisfied (which is a synthetic and mystical modal at the same time), and its basic form may be enriched with complements that the speaker resorts to according to the requirements of the denominator, frameworks, parties and purposes. The grammatical structures in the Arabic language can be reduced in the following classification manner: The problem in overcoming the stumbling blocks of syntax is related to the blurring of the sentence limit in the mind of the language user. If this limit is clarified, the factors become clear, and with the clarity of the factors, the margin of melody decreases, and the tone line appears, which is ascending at the beginning of the sentence, and lowering at the end. Based on that, it can be said that the sentence at the end is an attributional nucleus, and additional elements that restrict the central attribution to which the various functions are attached, to reach semantic meanings at its first level and rhetorical meanings at the second level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Surra Man Raa is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of IUG Journal of Humanitarian Research is the property of Islamic University of Gaza and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Arabic Language Sciences & Literature / Maǧallaẗ ʻulūm Al-luġaẗ Al-ʻarabiyyaẗ Wa-ādābi-hā is the property of Arab Journal of Sciences & Research Publishing (AJSRP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cumhuriyet Ilahiyat Dergisi / Cumhuriyet Theology Journal is the property of Cumhuriyet Universitesi, Ilahiyat Fakultesi / Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Theology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sarf, one of the basic disciplines of Arabic, is a science that aims to explain the changes in the word structure in the context of the rules it reveals in its system. It tries to explain whether these letters are authentic or ill-gotten by identifying the original and zaid letters in the structure of the word. In addition to focusing on the determination of the changes in the structure of the word in the light of the rules it has put forward, it also deals with the subtleties of meaning that occur depending on these changes. The emergence of the science of consumables/morphology is directly related to the emergence of the science of nahw and both constitute the two basic building blocks of Arabic science. Since the early period of linguistic research and studies, the fact that the explanations and analyzes about the structure of the word are abundant in the sources reveals the importance of the science of sarcasm in understanding both religious and literary texts. However, it cannot be said that there is a methodological consensus on whether the science of tafsir can be counted in the category of sciences that must be known by the commentator. The science of sarf plays no less than the science of nahw in revealing the connotations of the Qur'an and clarifying its precise meanings. Because the morphological structure explains the semantics of the verses, deepening in this science is an important factor in understanding some of the i'jaz aspects in the Qur'an. Sometimes a usage that seems contrary to the grammatical rule requires thinking and investigating the i'jaz aspect of that usage. When the structure and usage of the word are thoroughly investigated, the purpose of the divine command can be understood very well. Because breaking the rules of grammar in a word and lack of flow in accordance with these rules is an issue that needs to be considered. This is one of the factors that help explain the i'jaz aspects of the Qur'an. Because, although some of the structures of the Qur'an are thought to violate the grammatical or morphological rule at first glance, it is clearly understood that the verses were realized for a purpose and purpose when looked closely. In this respect, the science of saraf is important for scholars who are interested in other sciences, as well as for commentators. Commentators, like other disciplines of linguistics, have also benefited greatly from the science of saraf, which reveals some formal features by analyzing the word structure. As a matter of fact, with the aim of reaching the most correct meaning, they were able to reveal the differences between muskil and common words thanks to this science. In addition, by making use of the rules of this science, they were able to grasp the subtleties of meaning from the formal features of the word in the form of derivative/interference and structure/intention. Because this science can show many meanings and different aspects of the word. Whether the word is a noun or a verb and what it means in terms of change is known by this science. At the beginning of the factors that make the rules of the science of consumption important in the interpretation of the Qur'an; is that the structural difference in the words affects the action of the verse. The word structure, which affects the grammatical aspect in the context of the sentence, also causes some meaning differences. In the same way, the movements that cause changes in the meaning and structure of the word also affect the meaning. Because the movements of the word show what form the word is in and therefore what meaning it expresses. Therefore, morphology is an important branch of the Arabic language and scholars have shown great interest in this science. In this study, the emergence of the science of saraf and the effect of this science on meaning in the context of some verses will be tried to be discussed. In the study, firstly, the definition, subject and birth of the science of saraf will be discussed and then some verses will be tried to be discussed in terms of morphological indication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The syllable letters have a great importance in the formation and systematization of the Arabic language grammar because the letter, which by being added to the beginning, middle and end of the word, affects the expression in terms of wording and meaning. The letter nūn has been also used in Arabic grammar in many contexts such as fāil, tanwīn, the sign of marfū', mu'āwa'ah, wiqāyah, ta'kīd etc. Accordingly, Nūn is a letter that may come at the beginning, middle and end of a word and fulfills various duties. One of the places where Nūn comes to the end of the word in the Arabic language is "nūn al-wiqāyah". Although it is handled separately in grammar books, Nūn, which is mostly included in pronouns and al-afāl al-khamse, is introduced in order to protect the structure of the word and to prevent meaning confusion when the mutakallim yā is adjacent to the word. Linguists have highlighted the duty of Nūn as preserving the building (binā) of the word. However, when the subject is examined, it is seen that there is also a dimension that affects the meaning as well as the literal aspect. Therefore in this study Nūn al-Wiqāyah is discussed in terms of its place in Arabic language grammar, its scope, purpose, uses, its relationship with other types of nūn, and its effect on meaning, by using classical and modern sources. Nūn al-Wiqayah is examined in terms of verb, noun and letter. The use of the Nūn al-Wiqāyah in the light of the transmission [naqlī] evidences such as the Qur'an and hadith is also included. However, all uses were not mentioned because of the limitations of the study, the subject is discussed only through specific examples. From this point of view, it can be specified that there are places in the Qur'an where the Nūn al-Wiqāyah comes to confirm the expression. In addition, considering the presence and absence of Nūn al-Wiqayah, there is a possibility of confusion between the noun and the verb, and the verb and the letter, and between some sīghas. Therefore, in this study, both the wording and the meaning of Nūn al-Wiqāyah are emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Al-Nahw is a branch of science on which many researches and studies have been carried out from the time it emerged to the present day. Since this branch of science directly or indirectly affects other Islamic Sciences, it is essential that it is thoroughly interpreted and studied. In line with this purpose, early period linguists made maximum efforts to determine the rules and principles of al-Nahw; In this context, they used the Qur'an, Arabic literary texts, and the language use of fluent-speaking tribes as evidence in determining grammatical rules. In the first century of Islam, language studies developed rapidly and emerged as a school in Basra. Over time, linguists disagreed about a number of issues regarding grammar and gave independent opinions from each other. When these views were examined, it has been determined that there are some debates that make grammatical issues complicated. The idea has emerged that these discussions and views made the learning of al-Nahw difficult and complicated. Therefore, in order to eliminate or minimize the difficulties of al-Nahw, some linguists have made attempts such as tajdid (renewal), ihya (revival) and taysir (simplification) in al-Nahw. In this study; Linguists such as al-Mubarrad, who belongs to the Basra language school; Tha'lab, who belongs to the Kufe language school, and Abu Ali al-Farisî, who belongs to the Baghdad language school, are discussed. The views of these linguists on issues regarding al-Nahw were examined and evaluated in the context of taysir'un-nahw (simplification of nahw). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dixon's assertion regarding the idiosyncratic nature of natural languages initiates an investigation into the unique characteristics of the Arabic language. Contrary to Dixon's viewpoint, some scholars suggest the presence of regularity within Arabic, attributable to its extensive array of syntactic rules and formulations. Yet, the copious volume of terminal vocabulary in Arabic poses significant challenges to grammar development. While annotations have offered partial solutions, they bring forth additional difficulties due to the necessity of retrieving data from the annotated corpora. To mitigate these issues, an innovative study was executed that utilized an annotated taxonomy of syntactic roles, coupled with an examination of both fundamentalist and non-fundamentalist phrases. A codification method was applied to a knowledge base employing the Subsumption Hierarchical Attribute (SHA), enabling the integration of Arabic word classes based on their potential syntactic roles. The SHA acts as an annotation method for deriving a grammar class 02, where classes are coded as terminal vocabulary. Its primary objectives are twofold: to moderate the complexity of the parsing system and to automate the generation of over 1490 distinct possible sentence structures. The study culminated in the development of a novel context-free grammar (CFG) for Arabic, broadening the horizons of language processing techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Today, the structure of the Arabic press language has suffered from damages that need to be addressed. These problems are mainly due to insufficient attention to grammar rules. There are also some pronunciation and expression problems that cause non-standard language patterns to penetrate the press language. Therefore, it is necessary to recognize these patterns and replace them with standard language patterns. Since Arabic has different types of languages and dialects, it is the standard language that can maintain coherence and unity between them. Promoting and reinforcing standard language patterns is the main job of writers, editors, journalists, and anyone who uses language professionally. Obviously, what is said by these people is usually considered as a standard language and spreads to other educational centers and the media. Currently, the language of the Arabic press suffers from the shortcomings and damages that have affected the body of the language. The media should try to enrich the Arabic language capacities and take advantage of all its possibilities and provide the grounds for the growth and development of the press language, along with extensive social, cultural and political developments, a flood of foreign aggressive words, the increasing speed of innovations and the arrival of new achievements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study revolves around what led to the necessity of adding letters with letters and sentences in the books of meanings of the Qur'an until the end of the fourth century AH, which are: (The Book of Meanings of the Qur'an for AlFaraa, Meanings of the Qur'an for Al-Akhfash, Meanings and syntax of the Qur'an for Alzujaj, and the two books (The Meanings and syntax of the Qur'an for Alnahaas). The researcher extrapolated the poetic evidence that bears the necessities in grammatical issues and extracted them. Although most scholars said that the Qur'an should not be carried out on necessity, we find that in their interpretations of the verses of the wise Quran they carried one of the aspects that are not permissible except in necessity. If the term necessity allows the poet to break the rules, is it possible to apply the term "necessity'' to the interpretations of scholars in some aspects of readings? Did the owners of the meanings books mention the necessity of some readings? Did they choose the necessity, or did they reject it and allow others? The research aims to stand on the issues that led to the necessity of increasing the letters, clarifying the stand of scholars toward them, and solving the problem of necessity in the Qur'an by mentioning the opinions of scholars and standing by them. After the introduction, the research contained two sections, the first topic was the definition of poetic necessity, the position of Grammar scientist on necessity in the Qur'an and readings, and the approach of the owners of meaning books in resorting to necessity in letters. And the second topic was where I dealt with three issues related to the necessity of adding letters with letters and sentences, which are: (1 the introduction of a preposition on its like, (2 the increase of the conjunction (and), and (3 an increase (um), so the owners of the books of meanings in their directives to the verses of the wise Quran mentioned aspects of interpretation based on poetic necessity, even if they did not explicitly sometimes, then their opinion on necessity in the Qur'an, after an introduction in which I dealt with the grammatical issue that was addressed by the owners of the books of meanings, and I mention the opinions of scholars and whether they are necessary for them? Before concluding, I articulate the commenters' opinions, if they claimed necessity in the Holy Quran and their response for those who claimed it, and then the researcher recommends one of the opinions and a conclusion with the most prominent results of the research that I reached. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study deals with the use of Qur'anic Arabic grammar by the authors of the Hawashi Sibawayh book. The Qur'anic concepts of grammar are the basis for the origin of the Arabic language and play a pivotal role in verifying and documenting it. The Holy Quran is the closest linguistic text in the Arabic language, hence, the main reason for the emergence of grammatical studies. It is feared by Muslim scholars that the wrong pronunciation of Qur'anic verses can lead to a critical misinterpretation of Qur'anic concepts and change the judgments derived from them. Therefore, scholars have now turned to studying the language, narrating the poems, and classifying the linguistic material in the Holy Qur'an and adjusting its texts and correcting its readings. In this study, we try to highlight the use of the Qur'anic grammar by the first scholars and indicate their interest in employing it. It was found that the authors of the Hawashi Sibawayh employ a large number of Qur'anic verses to prove the grammatical rules and sometimes cite poetic evidence and then document it. They have adopted the division of the Sibawayh, so they do not deviate from its classifications, however, some authors of the book disagree with Sibawayh in the permissibility of kindness in conjunction with two factors, and employed the Qur'anic evidence to show the frequent omission of the verb of saying in the Holy Qur'an. The study also proves that Abu Bakr al-Sarraj authorized the distinction to be one or plural, as the distinctive was not a number. Abu Ali al-Farsi employed Qur'anic evidence to prove the validity of Sibawayh's argument that (or), be in the sense of (and). This research is an important study as it highlights the use of Qur'anic grammatical evidence in the books of leading Arabic scholars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The expressions "أمّا بعد" (ammā ba῾d/now) and "وبعد" (waba'd), which are common in the Islamic tradition, have been discussed by many authors in terms of grammar and meaning. In terms of being a part of the classical writing tradition, in some commentaries and annotations made to scientific texts, information about ammā ba῾d or wa ba'd expressions, such as their iʿrab, who used them first, and what their conceptual equivalent in rhetoric is. According to the researches, it has been determined that many separate treatises on the aforementioned subject have also been copyrighted. One of these works is called waba'd, which is attributed to Sayyid Hāzim Ahmad An-Nevsehrī (d. 1160/1747-48), and subject of this study. As a result of the research on the author of the treatise, two different Hāzims, who have the same name, pseudonym and father's name, and who have a grandfather-grandson relationship between them, have been identified. Due to this situation, in order to eliminate the doubts that may arise about the belonging of the treatise to the aforementioned author, the article about the belonging of the work to the author has been extensively discussed. Considering its content, from this examination and evaluation on this treatise, which seems to have given brief information about the waba'd under ten titles, it has been concluded that the treatise belongs to the grandfather Hāzim, and although it has an important place in its field. It can be counted as one of the first independent treatises written specifically on this subject. In addition, Hāzim, in his work called waba'd, dealt with this expression in general terms and compiled the information given by the scholars before him, and presented it in a single work so that the reader could easily access. In this research, the method of comparison and analysis has been applied as a basis, and it has been tried to benefit from the classical sources as much as possible about the subjects in question. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this study is to test the effectiveness of using pictorial story in the achievement of grammar and the retention of the learning effect among eighth grade students. To achieve this goal, the researchers prepared an achievement test and a guide for grammar lessons based on pictorial story. Both tools were validated by a group of specialized adjudicators. Reliability of the test reached 0.74 using Cronbach Alpha Coefficient. The study sample was divided into two groups: an experimental group, which consisted of 27 students who were taught using pictorial stories, and a control group, which included 30 students who were taught using the usual ways. Both groups took a post achievement test and the same test was given two weeks after the post application in order to measure the retention effect of learning. The results of the study indicated that there was a statistically significant difference at the level of significance (α = 0.5) between the mean scores of the students of the two groups in the two tests: Post-Achievement and Deferred-Achievement. This difference was in favor of the experimental group, and it was ascribed to the use of pictorial story. Based on these results, the two researchers highlighted the importance of pictorial story and recommended that it should be benefited from it and employed in teaching different disciplines of the Arabic language and its various skills, and they suggested conducting a number of studies on it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arabic presents many challenges for automatic processing. Although several research studies have addressed some issues, electronic resources for processing Arabic remain relatively rare or not widely available. In this paper, we propose a Tree-adjoining grammar with a syntax-semantic interface. It is applied to the modern standard Arabic, but it can be easily adapted to other languages. This grammar named "ArabTAG V2.0" (Arabic Tree Adjoining Grammar) is semi-automatically generated by means of an abstract representation called meta-grammar. To ensure its development, ArabTAG V2.0 benefits from a grammar testing environment that uses a corpus of phenomena. Further experiments were performed to check the coverage of this grammar as well as the syntax-semantic analysis. The results showed that ArabTAG V2.0 can cover the majority of syntactical structures and different linguistic phenomena with a precision rate of 88.76%. Moreover, we were able to semantically analyze sentences and build their semantic representations with a precision rate of about 95.63%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Kitab Kuning," as a typical pesantren curriculum, is faced with severe problems due to weak management aspects. This study revealed the "Kitab Kuning" learning plan, implementation, and evaluation. This study was carried out with a qualitative approach and data collection techniques of observation, interviews, and documentation studies. Based on the results, the pesantren did not carry out comprehensive planning; it manifests in teachers teaching the material arbitrarily where learning is carried out every day other than holidays and testing students to read the "Kitab Kuning."

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As it is known, the language of (the) Our'an language, which is spoken by the people living in the geography where the Our'an was descended, is "Arabic". As it is commanded in the verses of the Our'an, this "Holy Book"s a guidance which directs human being towards the righteosus (right) path fort he World and the here after. At this point, the problem which is encountered is how the messages of the this book whose language is Arabic, can be conveyed in the most accurate way to the people who do not speak Arabic. Along with the appreciation of the efforts that is put forth, it is observed that in mostof the interpretations of Our'an there is lack (are short comings) in understanding of the Our'an and rendering it in these cond language. It is understood that (it is revealed that) a methodology to adress this lack has not been developedand consequently the desire of Allah has not been able to be transferred to the reader in the rıgh tway. In this study, it is practiced (attempted) to recommend a methodic suggestion regarding how the problem of incomprehension emerged from the basic errors, which are determined by the authors in the interpretations of Qur'an, might be solved. These errors are outlined as Negligence of Grammar and Eloquence of Arabic Language, Mistakes (Faults, Errors) Encountered in Phrases and Expressions, Outreaching the Common Usage of Turkish Language, Inattention to Distinguishing Between the Truth (Reality) and The Metaphor, Overlooking the Historical Background. At this point, it is proposed (this study proposes) a method concerning how an example of interpretation of Qur'an is supposed to (what an example of interpretation of Qur'an should be like) in order that it will be understood by the society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the words of preference and criticism used by Ibn Hisham en-Nahvi (d. 761/1360), one of the pioneers of Arabic grammar, in his works on grammar are discussed. Ibn Hisham made references to many language issues from previous linguists and language schools, did not adhere to any school to the degree of bigotry, discussed the opinions and evidences he conveyed with an objective approach, and made choices between these views. Using the qiyas and ta'lil method, the author preferred the views and ideas that he found strong evidence, regardless of which school or linguist he belonged to, and criticizing the weak or inaccurate approaches, and presented his reasons. Evaluating the views he conveyed, Ibn Hisham rated his opinions as sahîh, râcih, savâb, zahir; He used many different concepts such as merdûd, batil, fâsid and vehm for the views that he thought should be criticised and abandoned. While he used some of the concepts in a separate sense, he also used some of them closely or synonymously. The aim of this study is to present a general point of view about Ibn Hisham's method of preference and criticism and his attitude towards other linguists by presenting the meanings in which he used the aforementioned expressions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In some languages, the direct object of transitive verbs can be dropped to remain phonetically unexpressed but identified by the verbal object agreement (OA) on verbs co-indexed with specified and definite antecedents. On the other hand, many languages allow the lexical object to be null without OA identification. In this paper, both types of null objects (NOs) are investigated cross-linguistically through comparing the Standard Arabic language with some other languages. It is worth mentioning that although some ancient and modern Arabic grammarians discuss NOs which are not identified by OA in Arabic and English articles and books, this is the first English article, as far as I know, which studies and compares both types of NOs in Standard Arabic with some South American, European, African and Asian languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Arabic grammar studies have continued with intensive and diligent works since the first period of its emergence and have become a systematic science branch in the following periods. From past to present, many linguists have discussed various grammatical aspects and put forward different views based on the fact that Arabic grammar has a wide structure and contains many different dialects. Especially in the modern period, the linguistic movements emerging in the west also affected the Arabian world, and many linguists examined the Arabic language again by using the approaches and methods of these movements. In this sense, some grammatical issues were evaluated again in the modern period and different interpretations were made. One of the linguists in this field was Tammam Hassan (d. 2011), the subject of the present study. He criticized some definitions and classifications that were accepted in the classical period about the navasıh verbs as one of the grammatical subjects, and tried to prove this with various evidence by putting forward a different view on this issue. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate Tammam Hassan's views on navasıh verbs in the light of classical approaches and to present a new viewpoint on these verbs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research highlights on the linguistic content and its scientific about the new Arabic book for fourth preparatory class. As follows the approach of groups authors, its chapters and its sections with the description and analysis and its evaluation. This research aims to diagnose prose of the book and its advantages to benefit from them in the followed published experiments and stand on placements of bugs, disorder, omissions and forgetting. And alarms on placements of mistakes to statement of the face of right things according to the guidance of the words of Arabs which were come in the inherited of Arabicʼs linguistic and Arabicʼs language and its grammar. At it all that, was an aim of the researcher, his attentions and his intention to help taking out this book in the ideal image. And upgrading with the authoring level in this book. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grammar, accordingt the view of the scholars of Arabic, is the mother of Arabic language, and it is the key to its secrets. Therefore, humongous works on grammar have been written since classical times in order to correct the tongue of Arabs and non-Arabs, and to serve the Islamic legal texts. This research aims to analyze a major problem in grammar, past and present, by reviewing the narrated texts that we have received in the reasons for the development of grammar science, and the complaints of contemporary Arabic language teachers about the lack of competency of their students in grammar, and comparing the different trends in introducing grammar, and then linking its results to the reality of grammar teaching in Malaysia. The research reached two directions in defining grammar, and each one of them represents the problem facing the society in which that trend appeared. The research stressed the need to develop a new approach to teach grammar in accordance with the problem that Malaysians face in learning the Arabic language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Al-Bahith Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)