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In order to explore the internal relationship between digital economy and green total factor productivity of manufacturing industry in the Yellow River Basin, this paper empirically analyzes the impact of digital economy on green total factor productivity of manufacturing industry in the Yellow River Basin by using systematic GMM model and panel threshold model based on panel data of 73 prefecture-level cities in the Yellow River Basin from 2011 to 2020. The research shows that digital economy can significantly promote the improvement of green total factor productivity of manufacturing industry in the Yellow River Basin, and this promoting effect is nonlinear with marginal increasing. Further investigation shows that the impact of digital economy on green total factor productivity of manufacturing industry has a single threshold effect based on opening to the outside world and government support. Heterogeneity analysis shows that digital economy has a more significant effect on the improvement of green total factor productivity of manufacturing in the middle and downstream regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]