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Purpose of the study: The present study highlights the administrative causing institutional intra-faith disintegration and its revival to social reintegration in district Hangu-Pakistan. Methodology: The study proceeded with a sound conceptual framework comprised of the independent variable, i.e., administrative failure to curb sectarianism, and dependent variable, i.e., "social reintegration," bypassing these through a sound statistical operationalization, i.e., chi-square and factor analysis, respectively. A sample size of 306 representing all leading categories of the study was chosen by stratified random sampling procedure to ensure the true representation of the masses living in the study area. Main Findings: The study disclosed that administrative failure had a strong and significant relationship with disintegration as causative factors and had been identified as a catalyst towards the social reintegration provided. Both literate and illiterate are taken into consideration for their involvement in the reintegration process while restructuring the administrative state of the area, as pointed out by the literate respondents. Applications of this study: The study recommended that the government should take initiatives by indulging all the stakeholders for greater social inclusion in the study arena, allowing both sects to participate in the common values under the ambit of Islam. A policy of non-interference by the state of Pakistan needs to be designed and communicated accordingly to all forces involving particular reference to the neighboring states. Novelty/Originality of this study: To the best of my knowledge, little empirical work in this area has been conducted in the Pakistani context. Thus, this study will be helpful in policy planning on both local and international levels.

The education system in Pakistan, unfortunately, is facing several problems due to the existence of certain flaws in education, particularly in higher education. On the other hand, a country’s progress in any sphere of life is mostly dependent on its educational structure and system because it is considered a roadmap on which the direction of national behavior is based upon. In the meantime, the government of Pakistan since the inception of the country is not properly investing in the field of education which has created numerous hurdles in the growth and development of the country. The present study aims to analyze the state of higher education by paying special attention to the flaws in higher education in Pakistan.

This study was focused to identify the effects of rural-urban migration on the socio-economic conditions of migrant households in District Peshawar, Pakistan.Total150 respondents sampled through proportionate sampling technique from four different locations of Peshawar city participated in the study. Data were collected from the sampled respondents on a structured questionnaire through face-to-face interview technique. Results show that the majority of the respondents migrated during 2001 and 2010. Along with the poverty and social amenities, other major reasons behind the migration in the study area were access to quality education, the war against terrorism, employment opportunities, and health issues. Majority of the joint families converted to the nuclear family system after the migration. Their economic conditions were enhanced. As far as pre and post-migration facilities were concerned, positive changes were observed in the research area. It is recommended that the government and concerned authorities should ensure the provision of basic socio-economic facilities and off-farm employment opportunities to the rural people so that the ratio of urban migration could possibly be minimized.

The study was carried out since 25th March, 2020. The major objective of the study was climate impact on the cororan virus in the world. Total 18 articles were downloaded from the net and read many times and analyzed the situation and draw the conclusion. The result indicates that Warm and humid season have negative relationship with corona virus increasing in the world. The temperature affects its transmission from one person to another. Sometime more temperature kill to this virus while few one claimed the warm and humid season has no relationship with this virus multiplication in the world. It is the new virus and its immunity power is more for survival of life and very easily it kill to human. The study further explores that there are also other variables which play great role in corona virus controlling. Majority scientists attach to this virus with SARS and told that it was controlled in June July and Insha Allah this virus will be also controlled in the month of June July. Similarly this theory was also presented by Trump while latter on this theory was failed and in some warm countries more people have been infected by corona virus recently. Different theories by different scientists have been presented while China has controlled to this corona virus by locked down and no social contacts by no gathering and now there no case has been registered, so it is the great success of China. China claim was also like Trump that it will be controlled in the month of June July because the people mostly in the open air absorb the vitamin-D and melatonin from the sun which play great role in immunity strengthen of the human being. Few scientists also claimed that in cold season the people mostly live indoor room, so there the contact is more which play great role in virus multiplication in the world. It was also reviewed in the literature that SARS speed was very slow while this virus speed is very high but the SARS was announced very early while this virus was very lately announced by China. During 20 days many people go here and there which have transferred the virus to the whole world every coroner. China has worked day and night for controlling to this virus while the other countries were slept and they have no care of this virus which latter on abruptly spread in the South Korea, Italy, Pakistan, Spain, Saudi Arab, Iran etc. Now it is pandemic in the whole world and has killed to many people while China has controlled to this epidemic disease in their country very easily in the start. Every country in the world after appearing Corona Virus in Wuhan have not followed best quarantine and because of this it spread to the whole world and now everyone in the world is in the tension for its controlling while on the other side this epidemic has destroyed the world economy. Majority commodities price were raised while the price of the oil decreased due to less import of the oil in the world. Every sector of the economy has been destroyed by this virus and there is no one to escape the economy from this epidemic disease. World is in a bad position. There are so many problems in the world which have spread this epidemic disease in the world. WHO is trying for its solution and UNO funding to those who are very poor and they have no fund for epidemic disease control. The study further also explain that Passive techniques which was discovered by China Doctors also play great role in coronal virus control while few one claimed that the medicine Vitamin-C, Pandal tablets and most lemons juice and fruit eating play great role in corona virus control in the World. Someone say Chlooriqeen Tablet play great role in reducing of corona virus disease but in some area of the world miss happening report has been also received that it increase the speed of the corona in the world On the basis of problems the study recommend that to obey the order of the government for corona virus control; Help of one another in the time of trouble and give money to poor community in the time of lock down for purchasing daily commodities are requested; Not increase the price of the medicine and normal goods in their countries; Stay at your home; Keep away from social gathering; Mask should be worn during visit to Hospital; Avoid social contacts with one another; Follow the Quarantine of the country and corona virus test should be done; Always inform the government health department about the corona cases where you observed in the country; Always help with army personal and Doctors; Always wash your hands with soap and sanitizer; Shake hand methodology should be not applied during visit in the world; Avoid from fake social propaganda on Face book and YouTube; Listen News on TV and inform from the surrounding of the world. Use more lemon for Vitamin-C and keep the room hot and always use hot water for drinking; Blood pressure , Diabetes, Heart disease able person and old age people should used good quarantine for their safety; In the last run the authors told that this panic will be finished till June July because this virus has close negative relationship with warm and humid season, So I advise to everyone to stay at warm and humid season countries because it play great role in this virus control.

Locked down is the rule and regulation which stop the movement of the people from one place to another while dairy industry is activities of agriculture which supply milk and different by products to world community. COVID-2019 is the virus which has killed so many people in the world. The world try how to control the problem of the COVID-2019, so each government of the world apply the locked down for the control of corona virus. Seeing to its importance the present study was arranged since June,2020 to analyze the COVID-2019 locked down impact on dairy industry in the world. Total 18 articles were downloaded from the net and wrote the result. The result indicates that locked down has decreased the demand of the dairy products in the world which have disturbed the socioeconomic condition of the dairy owner and weakened their economy. The COVID-2019 created the terror and fear in the world which have increased the locked down period in the world and create shortage in the fodder of the dairy animal while in some area considered animal to the carrier of the corona virus in the world. They told that corona has spread from the soup of bat while bat belong to mammalian family, So all world doctors claimed that animal also play great role in COVID-2019 as a carrier. Experiment in different world countries were launched and found that corona also affects different animal of the world. Among these animals, ferret, tiger, lion, cat, camel, civet are the animals which play great role in this virus spreading in the world. One recent experiment found that cells with ACE2 proteins from humans, horseshoe bats, civets, and pigs could be infected with the virus, while mice could not. Smith explained that these strains have narrow host ranges, and the chance that a human strain of coronavirus would come from a cow or calf is extremely low. The world scientists also thought how to control the situation for the future because some animal play great role as a reservoir as a host. The study further explains that the locked down has damaged the dairy industry of the world. Particularly Canada, USA, Russia, Iran, China have claimed that corona virus has mostly affected the workers of the meat and milk plants companies and because of this all industries of the dairy were closed which have directly affect the export of the dairy product in the world. Due to locked down the demand of the product decreased and the price level also declined of the dairy product in the world which have totally closed the production of the dairy products in the world market. It was also observed that Locked down rule regulation were not fully implemented because of this the swing of the corona in the world is still continued and from the beginning more people w infected and the number of affected reached to 64 laces while the death number was reached to 3 laces in the world. On the basis of problems the study recommends that to locked down should be continued and rule regulation should be fully applied in the world; Wash hand sanitizer should be applied on proper places of the body; Who goes against the rule should be punished; Army and honest personal should be deployed on duty; Rich people should be helped the poor community of the world; Credit and market facilities should be provided to dairy owner; Dairy owner should be exempted from the tax in the world; Training should be arranged for awareness of the community in the world; Locked down should be developed in the world; All animal Corona test should be processed in the world for future controlling; Dairy product should be tested for corona virus in the world; Mask should be wore everywhere in the world according to environment.

The study was carried out since 3, March, 2020. The major objective was that to see the epidemiology of corona virus in the world and its effects on the China economy. Secondary data was used and total 15 articles were downloaded from the net and read again and again and draw the conclusion about epidemiology of the corona virus in the world and checked its effects on China economy. The result indicates that the virus was spread from the Hunan Sea food market China and then spread to the whole world slowly gradually which reached to majority world countries and have created panic in the whole world. Every country of the world now try how to control the situation but the main epicenter is the China City Wuhan province Hoebi. The China government have sealed the boundaries of this city and no one has right to cross the boundaries of this city in China. They all are locked in the homes for protection purpose and China all Health departments are engaged in health services to infected community of the country. Majority Health servants have been affected by this virus but the people of the health services try how to control the situation. The trend is now on the declined while new cases were also appeared day by day but the nation is struggling for its control measures. WHO experts involved in China how to control this epidemic disease which have destroy the whole world. All schools and colleges have been closed and there is a ban on all social activities in the country. No factory was run for the purpose of production and all airports of the country have been sealed while all outsiders have been banned for entering into China. The China country is in a position of hustle and bustle. All developmental programs of the country have been closed for further activates of development. Due this panic the country inflation rate of the goods are very high which reached to 50%. The growth of the economy is also on the declined at 2% which was 6% in the past. China is the big country of the world and this country economy is linked with all world countries economy. Through this way all world economy is in a trouble because they have sealed their airports and no one have right to come from China or someone go to China. Similarly the virus reached to every corner of the world and indifferent countries the trend is different of the infected people. The number of South Korea infected person is seconded in the world and followed by Iran, Japan, United State, Thailand, Denmark, Ireland etc. These countries have great traded activities with the china and because of this those countries have been highly affected by this virus. Majority hypertension, diabetes infected people were died by this virus. Still no vaccine was discovered for its control and it is reported that the world scientist are busy in vaccine discovery and it is the possibility that in one year the vaccine will be discovered. No proper treatment in the world have been identified for this virus controlling but the infected people only are kept in hospital and only first aid applied to them and the people who immunity power is high who very easily recovered from the virus. The study further explain that the virus sever attack is on the old people whose age is above 80 while below 9-15 years infection is less than the other age people. Through social contact this virus transmitted to other people in the study area. People mostly wear the facemask and plastic cloth for its protection. Similarly the virus was carried out by traveling from one country to another. It was also found that the transmitting source is the Hoebi Province and Wuhan City in the world. The study further clarified that the whole world is in the panic and everyone try how to control the situation. On the basis of problems the study recommend that all airports of the world should be closed and entry from one country to other country should be banned; Plastic clothe and facemask should be wore for its transition from one person to another; Food items should be checked by food inspector; All boundaries of all countries of the world should be sealed; Test laboratories of corona virus should be multiplied in the world; All countries of the world should be helped of one another in this panic and terror time, World scientist should try for discovery of vaccine; More funds should be provided to china and also provided good Doctors by WHO for this problem solution; Help mostly on humanitarian basses; Keep the infected person in warm room and should be treated well; Always wear the facemask and plastic cloths when contact to infected persons in the hospital; Through air craft, food and medicine should be provided to affected country of the world for food and medicine crisis’s; All countries of the world population virus test is requested for its best control.

The study was carried out in Union Council Islamphur Tehsil Babozay District Sawt since Feb, 2020. Islampur consists of three village councils namely Balawow, Chitawar and Serkaricham. .The total Shawl makers in this Union Council is 1331. Out of total Balawow village council shawl maker number is 406, Chitawar 429 and Serkaricham Village council number is 496. Through Yamani Formula Sample size was fixed to 133 while through allocation technique the size 133 was distributed among the three village councils. The number of sample size Balawow was 41, Chitawar 43 and Serkaricham was 49. Through interview schedule data was collected from the respondents and analyzed with the help of SPSS, Stata and MS Excel software and draw the conclusion and wrote the result of the study. The result indicates that Shawl is very nice business activity in this Union Council and have improved socioeconomic condition of the study area. The average net returns was found Rs23466 per month of the Shawl maker while total sales mean was Rs 95902. The empirical outcomes found out that net profit of shawl production has been positively links with price of shawl and number of producing shawls in the study area while good marketing also play great role in Shawl industry uplifting. There the shawl makers on middle men sell the Shawl on low price and then they sold on high price in national and international market. Similarly cost of shawls negatively affect the net income of the Shawl Maker due to high cost in the study area. All variables such as shawl price, Production cost were found statistically significant. The overall results display that production of shawls is profitable for the study area. Terrorism in the past has been mostly damaged to this industry and majority people due to Militancy fled away from the area and after peace then start to this business for uplifting to their socioeconomic conditions. On the basis of problems the study recommend that to provide credit facility to shawl maker for making more shawls; Provide favorable market to shawl industry in the study area; Peace and security for shawl industry enhancement is required; Transportation facilities should also be provided for shawl industry enhancement; Vocational institution should be established for further uplifting to this industry; Shawl and other cottage industries should be included in the government policy at assembly level in the country; Subsidies price on inputs of shawl and support price for selling the shawl should be included in the Government policy debate while tax should be exempted on shawl imported inputs and on exported Shawl in the country by government; Tourism industry in Swat should be developed for shawl industry enhancement.

The study was carried out since 26, June, 2020. The major objective was to critically review Covid-2019 in South Korea and impacts on its economy. Secondary data was used and total 21 articles were downloaded from the net and critically review 20 times in depth and results was drawn. The result indicates that from January 20 until February 17, the number of new infections of Covid-2019 was low but during phase two from February 18 till March 11, the curve started to trend upwards with patient number 31 associated with the religious group in Daegu. In the beginning of corona Patient No 31 has spread the diseases in the country. The curve peaked at the end of February and started to level off.“Phase three started from March 12 till now when we have seen a downward trend in new cases with sporadic new clusters of infections. The government has applied the methodology of China and all boundaries of the country were closed. In side country no locked down was fully applied while all people were tested in the country and per day rate of the test was 20,000 and total one million people were tested from 20, January, 2020 till 19 June 2020. All country hospitals were used as one Unit. Patients were transferred to those hospitals where the numbers of beds were more. Similarly Doctors were also transferred to other hospitals of the country where the need was more. In hospital triage techniques were used. Categorization of the infected Covid-2019 was made, namely severe, middle and low. Serious people were shifted to ICU Units. Similarly 100 laboratories were made for corona testing in the country and due to energetic step the corona number was decreased after 12 March, 2020. McClean on 25th March, 2020 reported that the highest number in Seoul was 75 but in Daegu was 735. The population of the Seoul is 2.5 million and Daegu population 2.5 and similarly 85% cases were diagnosed in daegu. The cause was that in daegu the religious ceremony was held. He further told that the total confirmed cases on 25th March, 2020 was 9,137 among them 3,730 were discharged after recovery and 126 died. So until now fully recovered patients percentage is 41% and mortality rate is 1.4. But further on 19 June,2020 the Won So reported that the total confirmed cases number was 12306 and the death number was 280 and the new cases number was 274 when it is compared with other countries of the world, the corona cases number trend is very low in South Korea. So the credit goes to the present government of South Korea King Moon. The study shows that South Korea has done exemplary work for control of corona virus. Similarly the economy was highly affected by corona pandemic. Tourism is the major portion of its economy, so all visitors were banned on the country in the beginning because of this the demand of the goods of the industries were decreased while in the first quarter of this year, the tourism revenue was decreased 2.9 trillion Won. All motors companies were closed due to non availability of spare part from China. All other sector of the economy were closed for pandemic control. The economic growth of the economy was declined and. Its GDP growth was declined 0.3 percent from the 2.3% in the last year. On the basis of problem the study recommend that to follow the rule regulations of the South Korea; Proper system of health should be developed in the country; Ethical awareness should be given to the community; Not think for the money but think for the corona virus how to control it; Unity in the country is required; Boundaries of the country should be locked fully; Strong ban on gathering is required in the country; Mask for everyone in the country is required to wear it for corona control; All religion ceremonies in the country should be banned as like Saudi Arabia; Cooperation with government is requested; Proper, brave and honest doctors should be deployed on duty for corona virus control in the country. The pandemic is now in new phased and the number of new cases in the world has been increased, So new strategy should be identified for future control. Credit should be provided to people of South Korea on low interest rate for boosting of economy; It is requested to all world countries to follow China and South Korea methodology for the control of any pandemic in the world.

The Study was carried out since 18th June, 2020. The major objective was to critically review covid-2019 in Italy and Its impacts on its economy. Secondary data was used and total 15 articles were downloaded from the net and many times were read and was drawn the result. The first case of COVID-19 appeared in Italy on January 30th. The couple was Chinese tourist who come from Wuhan via Beijing and both were admitted to Spallanzani Hospital in Rome. Slowly gradually it spread to the whole Italy and killed many people. The blow was severed and as of March 8, Lombardy was quarantined and strict self-isolation measures were instituted for covid-2019. The number in the ICU was more than the beds. There was a shortage of Ventilator and mostly facilities of the medicine were in shortage. China Doctors mostly helped the people. Italy doctors mostly applied the methodology of the china Doctors. There the number of hospital beds in the country was 5200 and new beds availability for ICU were requested from the government of Italy. On 12th March the number of cases in Italy was 15113 while the death number was1016 and the recovered case number was 1528. The locked down was imposed in the cities, like Milan and Bergamo, in Lombardy, were facing exponential growth of hospitalized people with COVID-19. Schools, universities, and most shops were closed and the National Health System is trying to cope with the flood of patients needing ventilation support. Roberto Cosentini, head of the Emergency Department at Pope John XXIII Hospital in Bergamo, one of the most affected cities, has been living in the hospital for the last 3 weeks: "It's like a wave," he says. "We have now around 60-80 new COVID-19 patients per day coming to the emergency. On 20th March 202o the number of total cases in Italy was 41035 and death number was 3405. On 26th March the total cases in Lombardy was 18,000 and its needed 2700 and 3200 intensive care units. Intermediate care units were opened both in the hospitals and in other areas, such as exhibition pavilions in the Bergamo and Milan Fair. The biggest problem was the collapse of the health care system in Italy. Italy is ranked in the top 10 in Europe country on the basis of health system. There was a shortage of PPE and experienced clinicians in Italy. The story explained that the number of the sick person was more than the required bed. Majority old age people were died in Italy by covid-2019. Economy of the Italy was highly affected. Italy recorded 238275 Coronavirus Cases since the epidemic began, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). In addition, Italy reported 34561 Coronavirus Deaths. During epidemic All industries were closed and on monthly basis 2% economy growth was declined while on annual basis the declined share was only 4% while this declined will be continued in future. Goods demand was decreasing in the country. They have 14% income from the tourist department while it was totally shirked due to corona spreading in the whole world. Majority people become unemployed and government stress mostly on banking to give more loan to community on low interest rate. Locked down in the whole world was the main reason of economy decline. On the basis of problems the study recommend that to implement locked down in time; Scientific mask should be wore whose size hole is less than 0.3µm because the size of the corona virus is 0.3µm; Rule regulation of the WHO should be applied in the country; More ICU beds should be built in the country; More expert doctors should be appointed in the hospital; Good quarantine should be applied in the area of Hospital; Always stay at home ; Social gathering in the country should be avoided; Give punishment to those who goes against the rule regulation of WHO; Unity at world level is required; China methodology for corona control should be studied and apply for the whole world; Good quarantine in future should be applied in the world; Fight against the corona bravely while never frightened from the pandemic; Sanitizer and detole sprays should be use for corona virus control in the country.

The study was carried out since March, 2020. The major objective was to examine Quarantine role in the economic development of the world society. Total 11 articles were downloaded from the net and read so many times and analyzed the situation and draw the result. The result indicates that quarantine is necessary for the development of a country and without good quarantine the development of a country is impossible. Through quarantine the country is protected from harmful items entering if the quality and honest staffs are on duty in the place of quarantine. Then they check everything and not allow those items which are dangerous for the country. The government set different set up of quarantine at different level in the country. The quarantine staff present in airport for checking for harmful items protection while they also control boundaries of their countries. They check their passport and their bags and they also check their personality to which group they belong and for what purpose they are entering to their countries, so they analyze from many angle the persons and their goods, if the person is favorable and fit for their country then they give permission to them for entering the country otherwise stop to them and return to their own countries. So quarantine play great role in filtering the all person who entering into the countries while they also check all goods which enter into their countries while play important role in pest controlling of the country. The pest entered into country through different way which damage the crops of the country which latter on create food crisis in the country. All countries have their own quarantine system while sometime they failed and the harmful items and agents enter into country which in the long run creates different problems to their countries, when the accident of Wuhan Corona virus occurred in the China. They have sealed all the boundaries and closed all their schooling, colleges and industries and lock down were started in the country, so they very easily control the corona virus problems through good quarantine while in other countries of the world good quarantine have not implemented and because of this the corona virus very easily spread in the whole world and kill so many people. So many epidemics were occurred in the world while through good quarantine the epidemics were controlled in the past. So the mentioned story elaborate that quarantine and isolation play great role in the development of a country but in majority countries the quarantine are present but the quarantine staff do not perform properly duty on the boundaries and they get some money from the people and allow to them without checking which in the long run affect the economy negatively. Similarly this accident was also happened in Pakistan. The boarder of Iran was opened for Pakistani people while Pakistan has ignored the rule of Quarantine and without checking the people entered into Pakistan and carried the corona virus along with him which has spread corona virus in different zone of the country while few also come few people also come from Saudi Arabia. They were not quarantined and because of this corona virus were carried by these people into Pakistan. Such type accident also occurred in different countries of the world and they have spread the corona virus and they have killed in thousand the people On the basis of problems the study recommends that appoint honest staff for the duty of quarantine; Proper checking on the boundaries of every items should be done; Record should be kept in the places of quarantine; If some imperfection found then proper isolation is necessary for the protection of other people of the countries; On the boundaries good Hospital facilities should be provided; All, in and out of the commodities and people should be recorded on the spot; Never appointed corrupted people for this duty; Per month salary of the staff should be higher than the other staff in the country; Always keep eyes on each boundary of the country; Smuggle should be controlled on the boundaries; Not only the out boundaries of the country should quarantined but also district wise boundaries will be quarantined in the country. Through this way no epidemic disease and crop pest will be entered into the country. The country agriculture sectors and health sector will be safe from the attack of these harmful items and the country economy will be boost very well.

The study was started since January, 2020 while it completed in March 2020. The major objective was that to make book from the five approved studies of SSRN. Book was arranged and all five approved papers of the SSRN were converted into book. Corona Virus was first appeared in City Wuhan on 30 December 2020, while on 20th January it was announced by China Government. The China government sealed the Wuhan City and also made in two three days hospital while controlled the situation in two months and the number of killed person was 5000. WHO secretary also came to China and meet with Jping and discussed the issue with him for corona solution. UNO help the China and WHO worked day and night for solution of this problem. China is the super power and they have business in the whole world. So locked down was imposed by china government in city Wuhan. The other countries people who were in Wuhan when heard this news fled away from China. So the corona virus spread into the whole world. Majority people were died in different countries of the world. The number was more than the total death of the china. Total 2 lac people were affected by this virus in the world and 10 thousand people were died in the beginning but in the start China was followed by Korea similarly Korea was followed by Iran, America and Spain. Later on Pakistan was also affected by this virus and 182 countries were affected one by one except Antarctica. In world all countries schools, college, Universities were closed and lock down were abruptly started where the casualty of the virus attack number was more. The main reason was the quarantine application. No country tightly applied the principle of quarantine in their countries in the start. Still this panic has not been ended and world economy is on the decline. Majority goods supply and stock exchange percentage were decreased and the prices of the goods were increased.The oil prices were decline due to nill import by China. So the great hustle was started in the world. Business activities of the all world were closed. Panic was spread in the world. Majority old people by corona was affected and died. No one has solution how to solve the problems. Scientists of the world were tried for Vaccines discovery while still no vaccine was identified for the solution of corona virus. Corona has locked down the whole world. No aircraft was allowed from one country to another country. The world was in the terror. Social distances by people were applied for the purpose of control while sanitizers were used for the purpose of corona killing. Soap was used for the removal of corona virus. Chloqueen, Panadal, Vitamin-C and lemon juices were applied for the treatment purpose of corona virus. Multiple centered were arranged for the sick people in the world. Poor people were supported by UNO in the world. Different theories were presented for the control of corona virus. Some scientists told that warm temperature and warm season play great role in corona virus control and they claimed that till July and June, this epidemic will be ended. On the basis of problems the study recommends the following suggestion for the control of Corona Virus in the world: Awareness play great role in virus controlling; Social distance is required for control of corona virus in the world; Sanitizer and wash hands with soap play vital role in virus reduction; Stay at home was the appreciated methodology for reduction of virus in the world; Pregnant women precaution were necessary for the safety of new baby born; Mask wearing was necessary for stopping transmission of corona virus in the world; Other medicine Kit was required in the home during stay; Room should be kept warm for affected people in the world; Use mostly panadal and lemon juice for immunity development in the world; Unity in the world is necessary for controlling of Corona virus because if one country control but in the other is not then it is impossible to control in the whole world. So unity in world is required for control of corona virus.

The study was carried out since 20th June, 2020. The universe of the study was America. The major objective was to critically review the COVID-2019 in America and its impact on its economy. Secondary data was used and total 19 articles were studied in depth and drew the result. The result indicates that the COVID-2019 first case was identified on 20 January, 2020 in Northwest state of Washington, a man was came from Wuhan on 15th January. He was treated in the hospital for full analysis and he was also recovered. Trump in the beginning told that it will be cleared very soon but latter on the number of corona cases were increased and spread to other cities of America. After 16th April, 2020 the total number cases in China was decreased and only 46 new cases were identified while in America the cases were increased and reached to 674,829 and the death number was 34475 while the new cases number was 26826. Hustle and bustle was started in New york, Washington and California and the cases of America come on the top in the world followed by Italy, Spain and Germany. Donald Trump claimed to WHO for this high spreading corona virus in America. He told that WHO have not helped in time while America pay major portion of the fund to WHO. Latter on Dr. Fauci told that it is the mistake of the Donal Trump who one week late started the locked down in the country and because of this the corona spread in America all cities. It was also observed that the medical facilities were less than the requirements. ICU beds shortage were found in the hospital. The number of corona infected people was more than the ICU Beds. Locked down has shacked the economy of America. Supply and demand were highly affected by locked down. Locked down have also decreased the price of the oil in America. The people mostly stayed at their houses, so the expenditure of the oil was less than the supply and because of this the price of the oil decreased and reached to minus 37 dollars. Among members of Unite Here, a union representing 307,000 hotel and restaurant workers nationwide, 98% are out of work. California may lose $20 billion to $50 billion in tax revenues, and this will come from its $200 billion annual budget. Washington has answered with a $2 trillion relief package, and the Federal Reserve Board this week announced $2.3 trillion of additional virus relief for small businesses and local governments. Similarly trade was banned and industries were closed only for corona Control. All schools and universities were closed by government while on line classes were started in the country. All economic situation of the country was badly affected by corona virus locked down and economic growth of the country was declined. Mostly all nations have focused on corona. All scientists of the America tried for discovery of Corona Vaccine while still no vaccine was discovered. The system of the health was crushed due to large number of corona cases. The range of the poverty in the country was increased. About 25% people become unemployed. The debt burden was raised and reached to 26 trillion dollars. All airport of the country was closed by government. Locked down period was increased till August, 2020. Trump ordered to all banks of the country for loan provision on low interest rate. As like great depression 1930 recession chances were increased. On the basis of problems the study recommend that to first cover the COVID-2019 in the country and then think for economic development of a country; All sectors of the country will be opened to that time when corona cases ended in America; Locked down and stay at home is the only tool for corona controlling; All boundaries of the country should be Locked; All airports of the country should be closed till corona controlling; Sanitizer should be used for the purpose of corona control; Always Mask should be wore and Social distance role should be kept in the country; Number of beds in ICU should be increased; All cases of corona should be recorded for corona ups and down; Free fund should be provided to below poverty line people in the country; Doctor should be encouraged in the country; Social stigma should be decreased in the country; Medical facilities should be provided to people in the country on free basis; First is the health and then the economy, when the health cover then the economy will be developed, So the study concluded that care about the health and without health the development of America is impossible.

Social stigma is the fear and terror which disturb the function of the mind and latter on affect the other system of the body. Seeing to its importance the present study was arranged since 13th, May, 2020. The major objective was that to see the effects of social stigma on the sick people of COVID2019 in the community of the world. Secondary data was used and total 25 articles were downloaded from the net and read many times and analyzed the situation and wrote the result. The result indicates that social stigma and covid-2019 have a positive relationship. The Corona is not so danger but the social stigma creates different problems in the community of the world which not only kill the human being but also affect their socioeconomic condition and ruin the economy of the world. The people feel terror and fear and because of this mind disturb which further affect other function of the human being which latter on affect the economic development of the world. The social stigma is link with different factors, such as racism, tobacco, poverty. nationalism, sexism, xenophobia, homophobia, ageism, fake media, less fund, less medical facilities, less doctors, less transport facilities. Non Locked down of boundaries, and Good supervision. So WHO explain that only listen to those media which are true and avoid that media which is fake in the world. Now a day on YouTube different type videos are uploaded but everyone only focus on the view and want that how to increase their view about COVID-2019 for earn the money. Such types Videos topic create terror and increase the heart attack in the world. So think about the media how much the information is correct. The study also explains that one approach should be applied for pandemic control in the world. Do not see to racism, nationalism, ageism and sexism but only focus on the problem control of COVID-2019. Similarly Such types stereotypes persons create social stigma in the world community which resist in real problem solution. They focus only their nation but cannot thinking of the world humanity. Through this way problem increases and the pandemics spread to the whole world then control is difficult. So the study recommend that to stand unite against the problems solution and give respect to health services department because in this time they work like the front line soldier. During treatment the virus mostly infect the Doctors and their staffs, so encouragement is required by government of the world and one step promotion is recommended for that staffs, who involve against corona virus fighting. Also help those people who before were employed but now they are unemployed. Through unemployment the social stigma increases. Fake Generalist should be punished by each government of the world. Community awareness should be advertised by social media. Always help the government in funding for medical facilities. Through this way social stigma should be controlled. Principles of the pandemic should be taught at soft language through media. Do not afraid from pandemic but encourage to people of the world for COVID-2019. Do not create social stigma in the community of the world but try for its solution because it is the social stigma which have affected the people of the world and its economy.

COVID-2019 is the virus, which have killed so many people in the world. It was first appeared in China and then spread to the whole world and majority countries were affected by this virus. All world countries economies were damaged and oil prices were decreased and make the world unfavorable. Absolutely four months have been passed but still the attack of the virus is continued and all government of the world have imposed the locked down policy in their countries and all economic sectors have banned for work. Seeing to its importance the present study was arranged and its major objective was that to critically review the corona virus in the world.Total 15 articles were downloaded from the net and read 10 time and analyzed the situation of corona control in the world. The result indicates that China has announced the emergency in the world very lately because it was appeared in December and DR.Li has also delivered the message through Wechat while on the direction of China WHO announced the emergency on 20, Jan, 2020. Due to late announcement majority people from Wuhan were traveled to other countries of the world by air. So the other countries of the world have no knowledge about the situation while China has started fighting against corona virus and China has also the past experience of the SARS, so China has controlled the situation within two month and the trend reached to 46 on 16 April the new cases while the world others countries were in ABC situation. The people who came from Wuhan during emergency were checked and found negative and they were allowed to their countries but latter on emergency were also raised in other countries of the world while death number were over surpassed from China. The first country in number of cases was America which was followed by Spain, France, Germany, UK and Iran. In these countries the number of death was huge. The America total confirmed cases number was 674829 and the death number was 34475 while the new cases number was 26826. Similarly the Spain confirmed cases number was 182816 and death number was 19130 and the new cases number was 2157. The confirmed cases in Italy was 168941 and the death number was 22170 while the new cases number was 3786, in France the total confirmed cases number was 165027 and the death number was 17920 and the number of new cases was 17164. Germany total confirmed cases number was 136569 but the death number by corona was 3943 and the new cases number was 1816 while UK total confirmed cases number was 103093 and the death number was 13729 and the new cases number was 4617. Similarly the total confirmed cases in Iran were 77995 and the death number was 4869 and the new cases number was 1606. The main reasons were that they all lately imposed the lockdown in their countries and the quarantine situation was not properly implemented by government. The number of cases there was more while the facilities were less than the requirement. Trump has claimed to WHO and also gave threat for cutting the fund to WHO while General secretary told that it is not the time of the tussle to cut the funds while it will damage the whole program of the COVID-2019 of the world. Dr.Fauci also claimed to Trump and told that they have started the lockdown program one week late and because of this the virus spread into the whole community of united started. In the beginning South Korea followed to china and the number of cases was more than the other countries of the world but they have controlled very easily due to locked down and more medical facilities availability in the country, South Korea applied the methodology of China but the other countries have not applied the methodology of China. The main thing is a social distance, isolation, stay at home, wash hand with soap and wearing of mask and availability of medical facilities in the country while America, Spain, France, Germany, UK and Iran have not applied the quarantine in time and because of this the number of confirmed cases were increased while medical facilities were also not properly available and because of this the death number was found more than the other countries of the world. The study recommended that to help one another in the time of trouble and do not criticize one another; Always follow the country quarantine tightly and honest staff should be deployed on duty; Good medical facilities should be arranged for the pandemic; Locked down should be applied in time; More fund should be arranged for Pandemic; Ventilators should be stored more than the demand in the countries; WHO has huge fund so it should arranged more ventilators in future; Proper laboratories and proper doctors should be arranged for new discoveries of Vaccine; Mostly focus on sustainable development in the world; Never allow those industries in the world which create problems for future generation; Not focus only on economy development but also care of the human health because without good health of the human being the development of the country is impossible.

The study was carried out since 9th ,Feb. 2020. The major objective of the study was to examine the agrarian reforms impact on the agriculture production in the world. Total thirteen articles were downloaded from the net and 10 times were reviewed and draw the conclusion of the study. The study indicates that in all era of the world agrarian reforms were settled for the development of agriculture but here the main factors among was land reform for the development of agriculture but the real objective here every government was political motive. They want how to abolish the big landlord and feudalism in the world to squeeze their power and weaken their position in the country because they have big share of land in the country which was not cultivated by them. The tenants cultivate the land and the big landlord takes a big share which they used for their power in the country. No one ask from them and they governed always on the country in different form. The production per acre was less. Their children get high education and get high facilities of the hospital for health services. The poor people work at their farms and get fewer shares from the lot while due to reforms now they get lot of share from their output. Good fertilizers were provided to them on low price at the market for their crop. Through this way their crops now give more production. Now very easily they did not eject them from their land and they have more power than before after land reforms. Different agrarian reforms were implemented in different era in the world for the development of agriculture. Few countries are mentioned here:- Pakistan, India, Sirilanka, Japan, Militia, Latin America, China, Iraq etc. Few people in the countries were benefited from these reforms while poor people have no access to these reforms in the world. During reforms many hurdles were faced to tenant. Those land lords did not want to implement these reforms in the country and they always resist of these reform. Through this way large numbers of litigation have been started in the world and in this tussle many people were killed. Every time they won the election and no one compete with them. They never made the school and colleges in the rural area because they want if they get the high education then who will work on their farm and who will service for them in their Hujara, so they keep those people under their supervision while few people at last think and come on the front line and won the election and then they work for the poor communities and raised a slogan for their problems solution. Every development program main objective is that how to reduce the poverty from the country while here few get the benefits and the poor have no access to these programs and reforms. So the world is still try how to developed the world but due to good leaders this objective is still not achieved. So on the basis of problems study recommended that to select good leader for their countries who are honest and patriotic to world community and they consider everyone their brother and they work on humanitarian basis. They help the poor and always take a start from the poor and love the world and never fight with anyone in the world. So, good leader selection is required, for good reforms formulation in the world for agriculture development.

The study was carried out in the month of August, 2020. The major objective was that to know new trend of COVID-2019 in the world. Total 12 articles were downloaded from the net and read 20 times and patched at the same level and draw the result. The result indicates that COVID-2019 swing was high in the month of May, June, July but it slow a little in the month of August and also the rate of the death was decreased but in some places it again goes up due to environmental changes and lock down declining. The world was in the position how to control the corona and how escape the world from the economic declining. These two were against each other. Lock down and social distance was opposite the economic development of the world but it was favorable for control of COVID-2019. Every government of the world has tried to control the COVID-2019 but due to its control the economy of those countries highly affected. Different aid were provided into the community by world countries but developing countries cannot fulfill the need of the communities but on the other side WHO also help of the poor countries but their all things were very weak and no medical facilities were available but here the main tool of controlling was only the lock down and social distance. They apply mostly this technology for controlling the COVID-2019. In the beginning the world closed all the educational institution but now the world try to open these colleges and school again in the month of September but majority people are against in the world about this opinion. The world few countries have also prepared the vaccine in the laboratory and they all are in the third stage. So no clear medicine is still discovered by the world. This COVID-2019 is still present in the city of China Wuhan. On the basis of finding the study recommend that to continue the lock down and mask technology till discovery of Vaccine; Not see to economic development but see to health recovery in the world; Apply the rule regulation of the SARS and MERS which were first appeared in China and Saudi Arabia; Help the developing countries of the world and provide vaccine on free basis to their communities; All countries boundaries should be sealed at the end of COVID-2019 complete control; Wash hand and sanitizer technology should be used not only for corona control but apply for ever for also control of other disease; Quarantine should be develop in the world; The main thing is the health not the wealth, so do not care of the wealth but care the health and help in corona control in the world; Unity in the world for corona control is required; Corona trend is still very high in different cities of the America while in whole world the new corona cases is still continued; At the end I give message to the world community not only care your own countries but also help the other countries in corona controlling because whole world success is the success of each country of the world; For detail read the review of literature.

The study was carried out since 2019 and the major objective was that to see the role of agriculture in the development of rural economy of Pakistan. Total 21 articles were used in these studies and critically review in depth 10 to 20 times and analyzed the situation what is going on in the Pakistan Rural Economy. The result indicates that Poor countries economy always behind than the rich countries according to vicious circle theory. There always fighting are seen in the countries and assemblies. Also bad planning and deficit budget is the fate of these countries and they always depend on IMF and World Bank. Everything is going bad and worse in these countries. Such like condition is in the Pakistan. Irrigation systems are not so developed to quickly increase the production of the country. One case study was included in this study which clearly shows that after irrigation the production was increased and the farmers purchasing power was improved.Different programs were launched in the country for the purpose of rural development but all failed in achieving their objectives. Among these programs village Aid Program was the key program but due to lack of fund, absence from duty and lack of coordination among building departments was totally failed. Three time land reforms were launched for agriculture development in the country but not achieved the specific objectives. Credit different programs were launched for the development of agriculture but mostly fund were miss utilized for other purpose. Honey bee program is a successful program working in Pakistan but never supported by government. Different Tree plantation program were launched for the coverage of forest while no successful achievement was gained by government and mostly fund was miss utilized by workers of the party. Huge fund was not provided to educational institution in Pakistan for the purpose of agriculture activities and especially for research in Pakistan. The focuses on the agro based industries were not focused by government in the country. No proper institutions were developed for the purpose of skill development. Similarly political instability was observed in the country and four times Martial was imposed while the agriculture growth in the Army era was found better and less in democratic government. Every government passed the time in favoritism, corruption, nepotism for development of their families while no touch was given to poor communities of the countries which are living in the rural area of Pakistan. On the basis of problems the following recommendation were given for enhancing rural economy of the country:, Political stability is required for the development of a country. More funds should be provided to the community of farming and cottage industrial owner in the country for uplifting the economy. Lack of Coordination among the building department in the country is requested for controlling of problems in time through different Projects. Monitoring set up of, all programs of the country should be developed. Subsidized and support price policy should be expedite in the country. All institution in the country should be developed. Tax should be adjusted according to consumer purchasing power. Good marketing system should be developed in the country for agriculture commodities. More poverty programs should be launched for eradication of poverty from the country. Favoritism, Nepotism and Corruption should be removed from the country. Good relation should be established with the foreign countries. Saving should be increased for the purpose of investment at local and national level. Farmers of the country and small industrial owner should be exempted from the tax. More funds should be given to small farmers in the country for boosting the rural economy of Pakistan. Peace should be provided to farmers in the country and terrorism should be controlled for peace purpose of the farmers. In every village at school level radio station should be developed for spreading knowledge through school students to community of the farmers for enhancing their agriculture productivity for rural people uplifting.

Now a day, Ice Drugs is very dangerous in the world and have ruined many people health in different region of the world. Among these America, Japan, Africa, Germany and Pakistan are very well known places in the world. The study was carried out in December 2019 to review the Ice Drugs utilization in Pakistan. The data type was secondary and total 33 articles were downloaded from the net web and 20 times read each article and analyzed the situation. The results indicates that this drug is highly used in different cities of Pakistan which have ruined many people health and found the family life in disturb form while few cases were recorded which shows the death trend in many cities of Pakistan due to excessive smoking of this drug. Majority doctor claimed that these drugs are used in different ceremonies on the party basis which increase their energies for dancing while it has been also reported that students of the University used for long study hours in the exam because it increase the level of hormone dopamine by up to 1000 more than the normal. Similarly workers used for long work in duty time in Pakistan in different cities. Majority reports claimed that in the start it give some pleasure to abductor but latter on create different problems for their health. They told that it works as a stimulant and play great role in body energy increasing while they also increase the speed of the hormones in the body in the start while latter on make the body lazy and painful and for long time they cannot sleep. The main reasons of this drug starting is love failure and adapting of bad company and society and not good supervision of the parent but the government carelessness is also the main factor of this drug spreading in the country. The teacher now a day work hard to student for their marking improvement while cannot focus on their character because good character play great role in ice drug controlling. Richer people are mostly involved in this game because it wants more money for its purchasing. So more money, provision to younger also expedite the smoking of the Ice drug in Pakistan. Majority drugs smuggled from Iran, China and Afghanistan routes and the main reason is the improper checking on the boundaries by police person. They get the money as a corruption and allow to them for carrying this drugs to Pakistan. Many programs were launched in Pakistan for controlling ice drugs but still the police department did not succeeded in its control. The police raided many time on their sellers and consumers places to arrest them while still this ice drugs smoking is in a full swing in Pakistan. High courts have also directed to government and police department for control measures strictly. On the basis of problems the study recommend that to appoint good persons of army on the boundaries from where the ice drugs are smuggled; Those markets should be banned and closed in the country who supply Ice drugs to consumers; Good character persons should be selected in the police department and Anti Narcotics Force in the country; Awareness programs should be launched in all educational and non educational institutions in the country; Teacher should not only focus on the book study while also create a positive change in the student behavior and give lecture on drug abused in the class; Parent care and supervision is also required for their children in the home as well as in the University level; When parents saw ambiguities in their children about ice drugs then blood test is required; Testing laboratories should be multiplied in the country on free basis for Ice drugs control. At hostel level warden check on the student is necessary; Testing laboratories at the University level is required; If someone see any miss happening about Ice drugs anywhere in the country then police department should be informed abruptly for controlling Ice drugs.