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Gobius xoriguer Iglésias, Vukić & Šanda 2021 (Fig. 59)—Kestrel Goby Gobius xoriguer Iglésias, Vukić & Šanda 2021a: 3, type locality: western Mediterranean, France, Corsica, Off Ghisonaccia, Tyrrhenian Sea. Size. Known adult size reaching 6.5 cm total length. Morphology. D VI + I,14; A I,13; P 18–19. Moderately long body and distinctly large eyes. Snout short (shorter than eye diameter), with moderately steep and rounded profile. Caudal peduncle deep, but lower than body depth. First dorsal fin higher than second dorsal fin (maybe in mature males only), third spine longest and elongate, interspinous membranes deeply incised. No free pectoral-fin rays detected. Caudal fin rounded. Scales visible on dead specimens from reticulate pattern of pigmentation along scale edges, visibility on live specimens unknown. Freshly dead coloration. Background coloration orange-beige, dark-brown or whitish, with orange markings dorsally, and 7 rectangular, orange midlateral blotches (Fig. 59). Eyes with stripes radiating from the pupil to the orbital rim, including a broad horizontal stripe across the eye. One indistinct orange preorbital bar. Lips unmarked. Cheek and opercle orange, possibly smoked gray in some individuals, with numerous rounded white spots (Fig. 59). On the anterior half of the first dorsal fin, an oblique, smokey gray blotch extending from the distal half of first spine to the base of fourth or fifth. Upper base of pectoral fins with an orange blotch (Iglésias et al. 2021a). Similar species. Gobius gasteveni, G. kolombatovici, Vanneaugobius dollfusi. Habitat. Circalittoral species, recorded from deep coralline beds composed of fixed or unattached red algae, between 62 and 102 m depth (Iglésias et al. 2021a). Geographic distribution. Western Mediterranean, known from only three individuals collected in Corsica, off the French-Spanish continental border, and in the Balearic Island of Menorca (Iglésias et al. 2021a).

Cryptocentrus caeruleopunctatus (Rüppell, 1830) (Fig. 3)— Red Sea Bluespotted Shrimpgoby Gobius caeruleopunctatus Rüppell, 1830: 134; type locality: Red Sea, Eritrea, Massawa. Size. Reaches 13 cm total length. Morphology. D VI + I,10; A I,9; P 17. Body moderately elongate, the depth about 5 times in standard length. Head subcylindrical, snout short and blunt. Eyes elevated above dorsal profile of head (Fig. 3). Caudal peduncle deep, but lower than body depth. Spines of first dorsal fin not elongate. Second dorsal fin higher than the first (Fig. 3). Pelvic fins joined medially, reaching anus. Caudal fin rounded, its length about equal to head length (Goren 1979). Body covered with scales; no scales on head, prepelvic area, and pectoral-fin base, but scales poorly or not visible on live specimen photographs (Fig. 3). Live coloration. Grayish brown, grading posteriorly to dark olive-brown with deep red blue-edged spots subequal to pupil size on head, anterior body, and dorsal fins; dorsal half of body with 2 dark spots of about eye size, circled with blue-green dots, one under middle of first dorsal fin and one below fourth or fifth dorsal-fin soft ray; a series of 7 oblique pale lines with blue dots on mid and rear body; head with an irregular dark red bar, edged with blue-green, extending ventrally from eye (Fig. 3). The anal and paired fins olivaceous, with small pale yellowish spots, those on anal fin mainly in 2 rows along base (Fig. 3). Similar species. No similar species in the Mediterranean. Habitat. Silty to coarse sand bottom, generally adjacent to sheltered reefs or seagrass beds, but also in calm seaward areas from depths of 2– 24 m. Shares a burrow with snapping shrimps. Geographic distribution. Restricted to the Red Sea and Gulf of Tadjoura, Djibouti. Reported from the eastern Mediterranean coast of Israel (Rothman & Goren 2015)., Published as part of Kovačić, Marcelo, Renoult, Julien P., Pillon, Roberto, Svensen, Rudolf, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Engin, Semih & Louisy, Patrick, 2022, Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5144 (1) on pages 47-48, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5144.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6601561, {"references":["Goren, M. (1979) The Gobiinae of the Red Sea (Pisces: Gobiidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica, 60 (1 / 2), 13 - 64.","Rothman, S. B. S. & Goren, M. (2015) First record of the Red Sea shrimp-goby Cryptocentrus caeruleopunctatus in the Mediterranean Sea. Marine Biodiversity Records, 8 (e 157), 1 - 2. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267215001323"]}

Didogobius splechtnai Ahnelt & Patzner, 1995 (Fig. 14)—Splechtna’s Goby Didogobius splechtnai Ahnelt & Patzner, 1995: 97; type locality: western Mediterranean Sea, Spain, Balearic Islands, Ibiza Island, Near Portinatx. Size. Maximum published size 2.8 cm total length (Ahnelt & Patzner 1995). Morphology. D VI + I,9–10; A I,9; P 13–16 (Ahnelt & Patzner 1995; Francour 2008). Small goby with stocky body, large depressed head and a gently sloping snout. Caudal peduncle deep, almost as deep as body. The first dorsal fin higher than the second, its first spine longest, giving the fin a triangular shape. Caudal fin rounded. Scales visible on body from reticulate pigmentation pattern along scale edges. Live coloration. Body mostly dark brown with 3 moderately broad whitish to pale grayish bars extending onto ventral half of body, the first bar immediately in front of the first dorsal fin and extending onto ventral half of pectoral fins, plus a very thin one at the base of caudal fin (Fig. 14). First dorsal fin colored like adjacent body, with scattered white flecks and streaks, outer membrane between first two spines white (Louisy 2015, Patzner 2021). Similar species. Gammogobius steinitzi. Habitat. Infralittoral to circalittoral species, known from depth of 4– 56 m. Present in small cavities in innermost parts of large marine caves and in small bottom caves and cavities. Mostly found lying on the soft sediment in recesses, ready to dive into a nearby hole or crevice (summarized by Francour 2008). Geographic distribution. Mediterranean, there are records from the northwestern Mediterranean (Ahnelt & Patzner 1995; Francour 2008; Iglésias et al. 2021b), Lampedusa (Stefanni 1999) and Adriatic Sea (Herler & Patzner 2002; Kovačić 2005). A record from Turkey, Aegean Sea (Francour et al. 2007), seems probable but was not substantiated by specimens or photos, later confirmed by Ragkousis et al. (2021) for Aegean Sea., Published as part of Kovačić, Marcelo, Renoult, Julien P., Pillon, Roberto, Svensen, Rudolf, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Engin, Semih & Louisy, Patrick, 2022, Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5144 (1) on page 52, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5144.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6601561, {"references":["Ahnelt, H. & Patzner, R. A. (1995) A new species of Didogobius (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from the western Mediterranean. Cybium, 19, 95 - 102.","Francour, P. (2008) First records of Didogobius splechtnai along the French Mediterranean coast and additional comments about D. schlieweni. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria, 38 (2), 139 - 141. https: // doi. org / 10.3750 / AIP 2008.38.2.09","Louisy, P. (2015) Europe and Mediterranean Marine Fish Identification Guide. 3 rd Edition. Eugen Ulmer Ed., Paris, 512 pp.","Patzner, R. A. (2021) Gobiidae. Available from: http: // www. patzner. sbg. ac. at / Gobiidae / GobiidaeSpecies. htm (accessed 1 October 2021)","Iglesias, S. P., Bariche, M., Beau, F., Berenger, L., Beucher, R., Chabrolle, A., Cottalorda, J. M., Cousin, B., Curd, A., Danet, V., Duhamel, E., Duval, A., Farque, P. A., Goascoz, N., Jadaud, A., Larnaud, P., Le Bouter, M., Le Bras, Y., Le Bris, S., Lombard, L., Louisy, P., Mandine, M., Mas, L., Menut, T., Metral, L., Poussard, P., Quero, J. C., Raybaud, V., Renoult, J. P., Richard, T., Spitz, J., Ternon, Q., Thiriet, P. & Tournier-Broer, R. (2021 b) French Ichthyological Records for 2019. Cybium, 45 (3), 169 - 188. https: // doi. org / 10.26028 / cybium / 2020 - 444 - 001","Herler, J. & Patzner, R. A. (2002) New records of Didogobius splechtnai Ahnelt & Patzner, 1955 (Pisces: Gobiidae) from the Tyrrhenian and northern Adriatic Sea. Cybium, 26, 153 - 155.","Kovacic, M. (2005) An annotated checklist of the family Gobiidae in the Adriatic Sea. Annales, Series Historia Naturalis, 15, 1 - 24.","Ragkousis, M., Digenis, M., Kovacic, M., Katsanevakis, S. & Gerovasileiou, V. (2021) Rarely reported cryptobenthic fish in marine caves of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Journal of Marine Science and Engeneering, 9, 557. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / jmse 9060557"]}

Millerigobius macrocephalus (Kolombatović, 1891) (Fig. 27)—Large-headed Goby Gobius macrocephalus Kolombatović, 1891: 22; type locality: Adriatic Sea, Croatia, Brač Island, Milna. Size. Maximum size about 5 cm total length (Vanhove et al. 2011). Morphology. D VI + I,9–11; A I,9–10; P 14–16. Small goby with stocky body, large head and a short steep snout. Anterior nostril tube long, without tentacle. Caudal peduncle deep, almost as deep as body. Dorsal fins of similar height, the first with a more or less rounded edge. Only the tip of upper pectoral fin rays is free from membrane. Caudal fin rounded. Body scaled, predorsal area naked (Miller 1986; Vanhove et al. 2011). Scales more or less visible on body from the reticulate pattern of pigmentation along scale edges (Fig. 27). Live coloration. Body greenish, brownish or dark brown with 6–11 narrow, usually indistinct, pale bars across the sides (Fig. 27a) (Vanhove et al. 2011; Patzner 2021). In unstressed animals in the wild, side of body often more or less uniformly colored or mottled brown (Fig. 27b). When pale markings are visible on the back, they most often coalesce into a highly irregular mediodorsal pale band (most dark markings on the body not reaching to base of dorsal fins). Many small pale dots irregularly arranged, especially on snout, preopercle and cheek. When present, the pale crescent band on head (broad whitish transverse band across anterior nape extending on the sides down to pectoral-fin bases) extends onto the rear part of eyes; it is most often ill-defined (consists of overlapping whitish spots). Often a distinctive and well-defined longitudinal median narrow line on nape and predorsal area, usually formed by a dark dash followed by a white dash, another dark dash, and then a pale line reaching to origin of first dorsal fin (Fig. 27c). First dorsal fin more or less dark, sometimes reddish, with a whitish horizontal band and often a pale distal edge. Similar species. Zebrus zebrus, Zebrus pallaoroi. Habitat. Infralittoral species, known from 1–25 m depth on stones and pebbles near soft bottoms (summarized by Patzner 2021). Also recorded in transition waters, hypersaline or brackish (Vanhove et al. 2011). Geographic distribution. Mediterranean and Black Sea. In the Mediterranean Sea, there are records from Ibiza (Ramos-Espla & Perez-Ruzafa 1987), Cerbère, Gulf of Lion (Duhau et al. 2021), southern Corsica (Bouchereau & Tomasini 1989, Renoult et al. 2021b), Sicily (Giacobbe et al. 2016), Malta (Kovačić et al. 2013), Croatia (Kovačić 2005), Slovenia (Trkov et al. 2019), Greece, Lake Vouliagmeni (Vanhove et al. 2011), Crete (Kovačić et al. 2011), Euboia Island (Kovačić et al. 2021), Turkey, Aegean Sea (Bogorodsky et al. 2010), Cyprus (Kovačić et al. 2021), Israel and Lebanon (Miller 1977). Large-headed goby was also found in Crimea, in the Black Sea (Boltachev et al. 2010)., Published as part of Kovačić, Marcelo, Renoult, Julien P., Pillon, Roberto, Svensen, Rudolf, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Engin, Semih & Louisy, Patrick, 2022, Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5144 (1) on page 70, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5144.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6601561, {"references":["Kolombatovic, G. (1891) Glamoci (Gobii) Spljetskog Pomorskog Okruzja Dalmaciji (In Croatian and Italian). Godisnje Izviesce C. K. Velike Realke u Splitu za Skolsku Godinu, Split, 1890 - 1891, 3 - 29.","Vanhove, M. P. M., Kovacic, M., Koutsikos, N. E., Zogaris, S., Vardakas, L. E., Huyse, T. T. & Economou, A. N. (2011) First record of a landlocked population of marine Millerigobius macrocephalus (Perciformes: Gobiidae): Observations from a unique spring-fed karstic lake (Lake Vouliagmeni, Greece) and phylogenetic positioning. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 250, 195 - 204. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jcz. 2011.03.002","Patzner, R. A. (2021) Gobiidae. Available from: http: // www. patzner. sbg. ac. at / Gobiidae / GobiidaeSpecies. htm (accessed 1 October 2021)","Ramos-Espla, A. A. & Perez-Ruzafa, A. (1987) Presencia de Millerigobius macrocephalus (Kolombatovic, 1891) (Teleostei: Gobiidae) en el Mediterraneo occidental con notas sobre su biologia. Anales de Biologia, 11, 31 - 35.","Duhau, M., Pillon, R. & Louisy, P. (2021) Signalisation de / Record of Millerigobius macrocephalus, 13 December 2021 (obs. 24 June 2021, photo 5924). Fish Watch Forum, Louisy, P. & Francour, P. (Ed.). Available from: https: // www. fish-watch. org (accessed 15 December 2021)","Bouchereau, J. L. & Tomasini, J. A. (1989) Note sur la presence de Chromogobius zebratus (Kolombatovic, 1891) et de Millerigobius macrocephalus (Kolombatovic, 1891) (Teleostei; Percomorphi; Gobioidei; Gobiidae) sur les cotes de Corse, France. Bulletin de la Societe zoologique de France Societe zoologique de France, 114, 106 - 110.","Renoult, J. P., Pillon, R. & Louisy, P. (2021 b) Signalisation de / Record of Millerigobius macrocephalus, 13 December 2021 (obs. 05 July 2020, photo 5910). Fish Watch Forum, Louisy, P. & Francour, P. (Ed.). Available from: https: // www. fish-watch. org (accessed 13 December 2021)","Giacobbe, S., Spinelli, A., De Matteo, S. & Kovacic, M. (2016) First record of the large-headed goby, Millerigobius macrocephalus (Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Gobiidae), from Italy. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria, 46, 49 - 52. https: // doi. org / 10.3750 / AIP 2016.46.1.07","Kovacic, M. (2005) An annotated checklist of the family Gobiidae in the Adriatic Sea. Annales, Series Historia Naturalis, 15, 1 - 24.","Trkov, D., Mavric, B., Orlando-Bonaca, M. & Lipej, L. (2019) Marine cryptobenthic fish fauna of Slovenia (Northern Adriatic Sea). Annales, Series Historia Naturalis, 29 (1), 59 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.19233 / ASHN. 2019.07","Kovacic, M., Sanda, R., Cekovska, K., T. Soukupova, T. & Vukic, J. (2021) Zebrus pallaoroi sp. nov.: a new species of goby (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) from the Mediterranean Sea with a dna-based phylogenetic analysis of the Gobius - lineage. Contributions to Zoology Advance articles, 90 (3), 285 - 317 https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 18759866 - bja 10018","Bogorodsky, S., Kovacic, M., Ozen, O. & Bilecenog ˘ lu, M. (2010) Records of two uncommon goby species (Millerigobius macrocephalus, Zebrus zebrus) from the Aegean Sea. Acta Adriatica, 51, 217 - 222.","Miller, P. J. (1977) Gobies from Rhodes and systematic features of Zebrus zebrus (Teleostei: Gobiidae). Zoologicla Journal of Linnean Soc iety, 60, 339 - 362. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1977. tb 00839. x","Boltachev, A. R., Karpova, E. P. & Machkevskiy, V. K. (2010) The naturalization of Miller's goby Millerigobius macrocephalus (Perciformes, Gobiidae) in the Sevastopol Bay of the Black Sea. Morskoj ekologiceskij zurnal, 9, 32."]}

Coryogalops ocheticus (Norman, 1927) (Fig. 50)—Canal Goby Gobius ocheticus Norman, 1927: 381; type locality: Egypt, Suez Canal. Size. Reaches 7 cm total length. Morphology. D VI + I,10–11; A I,9–10; P 16–18, the uppermost 2 rays free of membrane. Body moderately elongate, the depth 4.3–5.5 in standard length. Head subcylindrical, with a short rounded snout. The second spine of first dorsal fin longest, with very short filament in males. Caudal peduncle deep, but lower than body depth. Pelvic fins united to form a disc. Caudal fin rounded, shorter than head. Scales ctenoid to below origin of first dorsal fin, cycloid ventrally on abdomen, no scales on head, chest, predorsal and prepectoral areas. Scales visible on dead specimens by reticulate pattern of pigmentation along scale edges, visibility on live specimens unknown. Fresh coloration. Greenish or brownish gray, scale edges dark brown, scales on lower body outlined with orange (Fig. 50); a series of indistinct light brown blotches along back, the first on nape, ending at origin of first dorsal fin; side of body with a series of 7 indistinct blackish blotches; head with three blackish spots or double spots below eye, side of head with irregular small orange spots; first dorsal fin with 2 or 3 curved oblique crossbands; pectoral fins with 2 blackish spots at base; pelvic fins blackish (visible also on Fig. 50). Similar species. Millerigobius macrocephalus, Zebrus zebrus, Zebrus pallaoroi. Habitat. Inhabits shallow water, isolated hard substrate but found occasionally on sand bottom (Goren 1985). Geographic distribution. Reported from the Red Sea: Egypt (Suez Canal, Gulf of Suez, and Ras Muhammad), Saudi Arabia (Ras Hatiba) and Eritrea (Dahlak Archipelago). A single record in the Mediterranean Sea from Port Said, Egypt (Norman 1927), one specimen was collected from the Bardawil lagoon, Egypt (Kovačić & Golani 2007b)., Published as part of Kovačić, Marcelo, Renoult, Julien P., Pillon, Roberto, Svensen, Rudolf, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Engin, Semih & Louisy, Patrick, 2022, Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5144 (1) on pages 46-47, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5144.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6601561, {"references":["Norman, J. R. (1927) Zoological results of the Cambridge Expedition to the Suez Canal, 1924. Report on the fishes. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 22 (3 / 12), 375 - 390. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1927. tb 00386. x","Goren, M. (1985) A review of the gobiid fish genus Monishia Smith, 1949, from the western Indian Ocean and Red Sea, with description of a new species. Contributions in Science, 360, 1 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / p. 208179","Kovacic, M. & Golani, D. (2007 b) First record of Papillogobius melanobranchus in the Mediterranean Sea and new data on geographic distributions, bathymetric ranges and morphology of several benthic fishes in the Levant. Cybium, 31 (4), 417 - 425. https: // doi. org / 10.26028 / cybium / 2007 - 314 - 002"]}

Pomatoschistus minutus (Pallas, 1770) (Fig. 67)—Sand Goby Gobius minutus Pallas, 1770: 4; type locality: Belgian Sea. Size. Maximum size 9.5 cm total length (Miller 1986). Morphology. D VI (VI–VII) + I,10–12;A I,9–12; P 18–21 (Miller 1986). Medium-sized goby with subcylindrical body, laterally compressed towards caudal fin, head slightly depressed and moderately large. Snout moderately large and pointed. Eyes dorsolateral, interorbital space quite narrow. Caudal peduncle long and slender, clearly lower than body depth. Dorsal fins of similar height, the first dorsal fin with more or less rounded margin and no elongated spines. Caudal fin rounded. Scales present on body and on predorsal area at least posteriorly, usually visible on photographs at least dorsally. Live coloration. Background color pale with irregular reticulation and light brown, white or gray spots. Usually light colored with no recognizable pattern (Fig. 67a), but sometimes with more contrasting markings: 7, often illdefined whitish dorsal saddles, the first, narrower and often fainter than the others, on nape above pectoral-fin base, 2 below first dorsal-fin, 2 below second dorsal fin, 2 on caudal peduncle (Fig. 67); variable number of faint brown spots and vertical lines along midline, with one horizontal darker horizontal T-shaped blotch on caudal-fin base. One suborbital dark bar, often obvious, between eye and side of upper lip. No pale dot on nape behind eyes. First dorsal fin poorly pigmented, often with a blue-black spot on the distal rear corner, close to the edge, including in females (Fig. 67b). Similar species. Pomatoschistus marmoratus, P. microps, P. norvegicus. Habitat. Infralittoral and circalittoral species, on soft bottoms from less than 1–70 m depth (Miller 1986). Geographic distribution. Atlantic, Mediterranean and Black Sea. Recorded in the Mediterranean along the north coast from the Alboran Sea to Aegean Sea (Miller 1986; Özen et al. 2007), also common in the Black Sea (Miller 1986). In the Atlantic Ocean known from Gibraltar to Norway (Miller 1986)., Published as part of Kovačić, Marcelo, Renoult, Julien P., Pillon, Roberto, Svensen, Rudolf, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Engin, Semih & Louisy, Patrick, 2022, Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5144 (1) on pages 79-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5144.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6601561, {"references":["Pallas, P. S. (1770) Spicilegia Zoologica quibus novae imprimis et obscurae animalium species iconibus, descriptionibus atque commentariis illustrantur. 1 (8). Gottl. August. Lange, Berolini, 56 pp., 5 pls.","Ozen, O., Irmak, E. & Bilecenog ˘ lu, M. (2007) Occurrence of Pomatoschistus minutus (Pallas, 1770) (Pisces: Gobiidae) at the north Aegean coast of Turkey. Annales, Series Historia Naturalis, 17, 161 - 164."]}

Tridentiger trigonocephalus (Gill, 1859) (Fig. 9)—Chameleon Goby Triaenophorus trigonocephalus Gill, 1859: 18; type locality: Hong Kong. Size. Reaches 11 cm total length. Morphology. D VI + I,11–13; A I,10–12; P 19–20, single uppermost ray free. Body moderately elongate, nearly round anteriorly and laterally compressed posteriorly, depth 5.3–5.8 in standard length. Head large, somewhat depressed, with relatively short blunt snout. Caudal peduncle deep, but lower than body depth. First to fifth spines of first dorsal fin subequal in length, none elongate. Pelvic fins joined to form a disc. Caudal fin rounded, shorter than head (Boltachev & Karpova 2017). Scales present on body, usually poorly visible on photographs. No scales on head and prepectoral area; predorsal area naked. Live coloration. Body brown to beige, usually with 2 continuous or interrupted dark brown stripes (Fig. 9), first beginning from just above orbit, continuing along back and ending at upper caudal-fin base, second stripe extending from snout through eye along mid-side of body ending at caudal-fin midbase. Side of head with small pale spots. Another color form with stripes interrupted by pale interspaces, short brown bars on back and the black spot on upper caudal peduncle visible. A third color form is blackish with indistinct stripes. Similar species. Gobius vittatus. Habitat. Inhabits sand and stone bottoms in marine and brackish waters at depths of 1–5 m. Geographic distribution. Native distribution range is confined to Japan, Korea and China. Introduced to eastern Pacific, Australia and Black Sea in the Sevastopol Bay (Boltachev & Karpova 2017). In the Mediterranean there is a single record from Ashdod, Israel (Goren et al. 2009)., Published as part of Kovačić, Marcelo, Renoult, Julien P., Pillon, Roberto, Svensen, Rudolf, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Engin, Semih & Louisy, Patrick, 2022, Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5144 (1) on page 87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5144.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6601561, {"references":["Gill, T. N. (1859) Prodromus descriptionis familiae Gobioidarum duorum generum novorum. Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York, 7 (1 - 3, art. 4), 16 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1749 - 6632.1862. tb 00135. x","Boltachev, A. R. & Karpova, E. P. (2017) Marine fishes of the Crimean Peninsula, second edition. Business-Inform, Simpheropol, 376 pp.","Goren, M., Gayer, K. & Lazarus, N. (2009) First record of the Far East chameleon goby Tridentiger trigonocephalus (Gill 1859) in the Mediterranean Sea. Aquatic Invasions, 4, 1 - 3. https: // doi. org / 10.3391 / ai. 2009.4.2.22"]}

Gobius incognitus Kovačić & Šanda, 2016 (Fig. 37)—Incognito Goby Gobius incognitus Kovačić & Šanda, 2016: 1106, type locality: northwestern Mediterranean, France, Gulf of Lion, Banyulssur-Mer, Paulliles beach. Size. Known adult size about 9–10 cm total length. Morphology. D VI + I,13–14; A I,12–13; P 19–20. Medium-sized goby with moderately long body, large head, short snout. Caudal peduncle deep, but lower than body. Dorsal fins of similar height, the first dorsal fin with more or less rounded edge and no elongated spines. Caudal fin rounded. Scales small, visible on body and usually on predorsal area as dense pattern. Predorsal area and nape scaled (Kovačić & Šanda 2016). Live coloration. Body uniformly pale gray, greenish gray or light brown, covered with longitudinal lines of brown dots (Fig. 37A). The dots are broadest, darkest and most numerous along the lateral midline, where they coalesce in well-aligned midlateral dashes or blotches separated by white spaces. Eyes with a conspicuous horizontal stripe through the center, upper iris with separate brown dots or radiating stripes without a longitudinal mark uniting them (Fig. 37b). V-shaped line in the center of the snout. Three longitudinal rows of dots recognizable on cheek or in irregular pattern (Fig. 33d); the median row more or less regularly crosses the center of the cheek, parallel to the lower row. There is a well-defined dark dot at posterior angle of mouth, so the lower row begins with an isolated dot at the corner of the mouth, usually followed by 2 short horizontal dashes. Upper lip with brown marks in addition to the dot on the corner of the mouth (Fig. 37b) (Kovačić & Šanda 2016; Renoult et al. 2022). Similar species. Gobius bucchichi, G. fallax. Habitat. Infralittoral species, known from 0.5–12 m depth mostly on shallow and sub-horizontal bottoms with sand and stones or rocks (Kovačić & Šanda 2016). At low depths it is typically associated with the sea anemone Anemonia viridis (Tiralongo et al. 2020). Geographic distribution. Mediterranean. Confirmed presence from the northwestern Mediterranean to the Aegean Sea and Israel (Kovačić & Šanda 2016)., Published as part of Kovačić, Marcelo, Renoult, Julien P., Pillon, Roberto, Svensen, Rudolf, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Engin, Semih & Louisy, Patrick, 2022, Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5144 (1) on pages 58-59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5144.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6601561, {"references":["Kovacic, M. & Sanda, R. (2016) A new species of Gobius (Perciformes: Gobiidae) from the Mediterranean Sea and the redescription of Gobius bucchichi. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 1104 - 1124. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12883","Renoult, J. P., Pillon, R., Kovacic, M. & Louisy, P. (2022) Frontiers in Fishwatching Series - Gobies of North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean: Gobius and Thorogobius. Les cahiers de la fondation Biotope. [in press]"]}

Cryptocentrus steinhardti Goren & Stern, 2021 (Fig. 46)—Steinhardt’s Shrimpgoby Cryptocentrus steinhardti Goren & Stern, 2021: 1; type locality: eastern Mediterranean Sea, Israel, Ashdod. Size. Reaches 8.2 cm total length. Morphology. D VI + I,10; A I,9; P 15. Body elongate, the depth 6.5 in standard length. Head subcylindrical, snout short and blunt. Eyes elevated above dorsal profile of head (Fig. 46). Caudal peduncle slender, clearly lower than body height. Third and fourth spines of first dorsal fin longest, elongate. Second dorsal fin subequal in height to first fin. Pelvic fins joined medially, reaching anus. Caudal fin rounded, clearly longer than head length (Fig. 46). Body covered with scales; no scales on head and pectoral-fin base, but scales not visible or poorly visible on live specimen photographs. Live coloration. Body whitish or yellowish with three slightly oblique brown bars (Fig. 46), the first below first dorsal fin, second and third below anterior and posterior part of second dorsal fin respectively, large irregular brown spot or bar at caudal-fin base, and scattered brown spots about pupil size in pale interspaces; predorsal area, nape and dorsal part of opercle with small irregular dark brown blotches. Similar species. Oxyurichthys petersii. Habitat. In the Mediterranean, inhabits soft substrata of open sand areas at depths of 11–80 m; observed to share a burrow with snapping shrimps (Goren & Stern 2021; P. Louisy unpublished observations). Geographic distribution. At present is known only from three specimens caught in the eastern Mediterranean off the southern Israeli coast and underwater photographs taken in southern Turkey at Kas (Goren & Stern 2021; present study), recently was photographed in the Red Sea at Eilat, Israel (Bogorodsky & Goren, in prep.).

Buenia massutii Kovačić, Ordines & Schliewen, 2017 (Fig. 49)—Massuti’s Goby Buenia massutii Kovačić, Ordines & Schliewen, 2017a; type locality: western Mediterranean Sea, Spain, Balearic Islands, Mallorca. Size. Maximum size 4.1 cm total length (Ordines et al. 2019a). Morphology. D VI + I,7; A I,6–7; P 16–17 (Kovačić et al. 2017a; Ordines et al. 2019a, 2019b). Small goby with subcylindrical body, laterally compressed towards caudal fin. Head slightly depressed and fairly long. Eyes large and close together, with narrow interorbital space. Caudal peduncle slender, clearly lower than body height. Second spine of first dorsal fin elongate in males, reaching to or behind posterior end of the second dorsal fin when folded down. Caudal fin rounded. Scales present, visibility on live specimens unknown. Freshly dead coloration. Head and body yellowish white to dusky white with scattered yellow, orange and dark brown markings. Body with 5 black marks, the first one over abdomen below first dorsal fin, three short vertical black marks at and below lateral midline and fifth longer vertical mark on caudal-fin base (Fig. 49a). Eyes grayish to brownish, occasionally with small pale gray dots. A rectangular area of small close-set dark dots below eye. Similar species. Buenia affinis. Habitat. Circalittoral, on Peyssonnelia and maerl red algae beds, coarse sand and deep-sea oyster shell remains bottoms from around 50 m to 116 m depth (Kovačić et al. 2017a; Ordines et al. 2019a, 2019b). A small individual photographed at 41 m depth on detritic sand (Fig. 49B) might be this species (Rufray et al. 2021). Geographic distribution. Mediterranean and adjacent Atlantic Ocean: Gulf of Cádiz, Atlantic; Alboran Island, Águilas and off Balearic Islands, Spain (Kovačić et al. 2017a; Ordines et al. 2019a, 2019b); possibly southern France (Rufray et al. 2021)., Published as part of Kovačić, Marcelo, Renoult, Julien P., Pillon, Roberto, Svensen, Rudolf, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Engin, Semih & Louisy, Patrick, 2022, Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5144 (1) on pages 44-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5144.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6601561, {"references":["Kovacic, M., Ordines, F. & Schliewen, U. (2017 a) A new species of Buenia (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from the western Mediterranean Sea, with the description of this genus. Zootaxa, 4050 (5), 447 - 460. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4250.5.3","Ordines, F., Kovacic, M., Vivas, M., Garcia-Ruiz, C. & Guijarro, B. (2019 a) Westernmost Mediterranean records of three gobiid species (Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Gobiidae). Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria, 49, 275 - 282. https: // doi. org / 10.3750 / AIEP / 02604","Ordines, F., Ramirez-Amaro, S. Burgos C., Baro, J., Kovacic, M. & Sobrino, I. (2019 b) First record of Buenia massutii Kovacic, Ordines, & Schliewen, 2017 in the Atlantic Ocean based on molecular and morphological evidences. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 36, 85 - 89. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jai. 13985","Rufray, X., Pillon, R. & Louisy, P. (2021) Signalisation de / Record of Buenia massutii, 03 December 2021 (obs. 17 October 2020, photo 6013). Fish Watch Forum, Louisy, P. & Francour, P. (Ed.) Available from: https: // www. fish-watch. org (accessed 4 December 2021)"]}

Aulopareia unicolor (Valenciennes, 1837) (Fig. 48)—Greenspot Goby Gobius unicolor Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1837: 88; type locality: Indonesia, Jawa. Size. Reaches 13 cm total length. Morphology. D VI + I,10; A I,9; P 18–19; body stout, moderately elongate and somewhat laterally compressed, body depth 5.2–5.6 in standard length. Head subcylindrical, snout short, obtuse. Caudal peduncle deep, but lower than body depth. Dorsal fins of similar height, the first dorsal fin with more or less rounded margin and first to fifth spines longest, not elongate. Pelvic fins united to form a disc. Caudal fin rounded, subequal to head length. Body and nape covered with scales. Scales prominent, visible on body and predorsal area, head naked except for dorsal part of operculum (Kimura et al. 2018). Fresh coloration. Body dark grayish brown with many small bright green spots, small black spots on side of abdomen and usually a diffuse blue-green mark above posterior part of opercle; a small black spot at upper caudal-fin base (Fig. 48). Similar species. Dark males of Gobius niger and G. paganellus. Habitat. Inhabits brackish estuaries or shallow sandy areas. Geographic distribution. In the Indian Ocean known only from Kerala, southwestern India (based on the specimen CAS 29748 identified by H. Larson), not recorded in the Red Sea. Also reported from the Gulf of Thailand, western Indonesia, Vietnam, and China in the western Pacific Ocean. Mediterranean records of the species are based on specimens collected from Port Said and Damietta, Egypt (Akel & Rizkalla 2017)., Published as part of Kovačić, Marcelo, Renoult, Julien P., Pillon, Roberto, Svensen, Rudolf, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Engin, Semih & Louisy, Patrick, 2022, Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5144 (1) on page 42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5144.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6601561, {"references":["Cuvier, G. & Valenciennes, A. (1837) Histoire naturelle des poissons. Tome douzieme. Suite du livre quatorzieme. Gobioides. Livre quinzieme. Acanthopterygiens a pectorales pediculees. Chez F. G. Levrault, Paris, xxiv + 507 + 1 pp., pls. 344 - 368. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 7339","Kimura, S., Imamura, H., Nguyen, V. Q. & Pham, T. D. (2018) Fishes of Ha Long Bay, the World Natural Heritage Site in northern Vietnam. Fisheries Research Laboratory, Mie University, Shima, ix + 314 pp.","Akel, S. H. & Rizkalla, S. I. (2017) A first record of Aulopareia unicolor (Valenciennes, 1837) (Family: Gobiidae) in the Mediterranean Sea, Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology & Fisheries, 21 (2), 63 - 66. https: // doi. org / 10.21608 / ejabf. 2017.3533"]}

Buenia affinis Iljin, 1930 (Fig. 41)—De Buen’s Goby Buenia affinis Iljin, 1930: 51, Figs. 33–34; no type locality stated. Size. Maximum known size 3.8 cm total length (Kovačić 2002b). Morphology. D VI + I,8; A I,7; P 15–16 (Kovačić 2002b). Small goby with subcylindrical body, laterally compressed towards caudal fin. Head slightly depressed and fairly long. Eyes large and close together, with narrow interorbital space. Caudal peduncle slender, clearly lower than body depth. Dorsal fins of similar height, first dorsal fin more or less with rounded edge with no elongate spines. Caudal fin rounded. Scales visible on upper body only by reticulate pattern of pigmentation along scale edges. Live coloration. Body dorsally mainly brown or beige with 4–5 well-defined, usually dark-edged, pale dorsal saddles, each terminating with a midlateral dark blotch; ventral half of body abruptly white with 10–12 narrow brownish bars (Fig. 41). The cheek below orbit with darkened rectangular area formed by many small close-set dark dots. Typically 2 parallel dark dashes between eye and upper lip (Fig. 41a): lower one broad and always visible, the upper one thin and sometimes hard to see (Fig. 41b). Iris and eye rim dark gray to dark brown, often with well-defined light gray dots (Fig. 41). First dorsal fin very lightly pigmented, sometimes appearing transparent. When visible, fin with 2 white longitudinal stripes alternating with 3 brown-yellow bands; sometimes small blackish dot in the posterior fin corner. No specific sexual dichromatism reported (Kovačić 2002b). Similar species. Buenia massutii, Pomatoschistus adriaticus, P. bathi, P. quagga. Habitat. Infralittoral and circalittoral species, known from 1–48 m depth on coarse and medium grain sand bottoms (Kovačić 2002b; Kovačić et al. 2018). Geographic distribution. Mediterranean Sea. Recorded from the Balearic Islands (Kovačić et al. 2018), France (Kovačić & Patzner 2009; Duhau et al. 2019; P. Louisy & P. Renoult, unpublished observations), Naples (Sanzo 1911), Croatia in the Kvarner area (Kovačić 2002b) and Mljet Island (Kovačić et al. 2012b), Turkey, from Yeni Foça-Çakmaklý Island, Izmir in the Aegean Sea and Erdek-Horkos Island in the Sea of Marmara (Engin et al. 2014)., Published as part of Kovačić, Marcelo, Renoult, Julien P., Pillon, Roberto, Svensen, Rudolf, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Engin, Semih & Louisy, Patrick, 2022, Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5144 (1) on page 43, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5144.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6601561, {"references":["Iljin, B. S. (1930) Le systeme des Gobiides. Trabajos, Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia, 2, 1 - 63.","Kovacic, M. (2002 b) A northern Adriatic population of Buenia affinis (Gobiidae). Cybium, 26, 197 - 201.","Kovacic, M. & Patzner, R. A. (2009) Reidentification of Buenia specimens (Gobiidae) from Banyuls-sur-Mer (France, western Mediterranean). Cybium, 33, 175 - 176.","Duhau, M., Pillon, R. & Louisy, P. (2019) Signalisation de / Record of Buenia affinis, 31 December 2019 (obs. 06 August 2018, photo 5462). Fish Watch Forum, Louisy, P. & Francour, P. (Ed.). Available from: https: // www. fish-watch. org (accessed 28 September 2021)","Sanzo, L. (1911) Distribuzione delle papille cutanee (organi ciatiforme) e suo valore sistematico nei Gobi. Mitteilungen aus der Zoologischen Station zu Neapel, 20, 249 - 328.","Kovacic, M., Sanda, R., Kirincic, M. & Zanella D. (2012 b) Geographic distribution of gobies (Gobiidae) in the Adriatic Sea with thirteen new records for its southern part. Cybium, 36, 435 - 445. https: // doi. org / 10.26028 / cybium / 2012 - 363 - 003","Engin, S., Keskin, A. C., Akdemir, T. & Seyhan, D. (2014) First record of the goby Buenia affinis Iljin, 1930 (Gobiidae) from the Aegean Sea and Sea of Marmara. Zoology in the Middle East, 60, 368 - 371. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 09397140.2014.970380"]}

Thorogobius macrolepis (Kolombatović, 1891) (Fig. 6)—Large-scaled Goby Gobius macrolepis Kolombatović, 1891: 4; type locality: Adriatic Sea, Croatia, Dalmatia. Size. Known adult size about 6 cm total length. Morphology. D V–VI + I,10–12; A I,10; P 17–20. Body relatively short, laterally compressed. Head moderately long, with a steep snout profile. Anterior nostril tubular, with no dermal process from its rim. Caudal peduncle deep, but lower than body depth. Dorsal fins of similar height, the first dorsal fin with more or less rounded margin. The uppermost pectoral-fin rays are within the membrane with no free rays (Miller 1969; Ahnelt & Kovačić 1997). Scales present on body, usually poorly visible on photographs. Predorsal area naked. Live coloration. Ground coloration white to light gray with a light blue sheen on the back and pearly white markings ventrally. Orange to yellow-orange spots on body (Fig. 6). Five brick red to orange midlateral blotches, 2 to 3 times longer than deeper, each blotch sometimes appearing as 2 contiguous spots. Interspaces between blotches often pearly white. Many short line segments, horizontal or oblique, each of 3-5 light orange dots, above the lateral midline. Head and predorsal area covered with many orange spots larger than the dots of the back but smaller than the midlateral blotches. No V-shaped mark on snout (Fig. 6). One orange, oblique preorbital bar extending onto the upper lip; otherwise the lips are white. Dorsal fins blue-gray with three orange transverse bands and a broader whitish to light blue marginal band. Caudal fin also blue gray with 3-4 sinuous orange bars (Ahnelt & Kovačić 1997). Similar species. Gobius kolombatovici, Thorogobius ephippiatus. Habitat. Infralittoral and circalittoral species, known from 6–60 m depth, on detritic coarse sand and gravel, close to rocky shelters, typically at the foot of rocky walls (Glavičić & Kovačić 2016; Renoult et al. 2022). Geographic distribution. Northern Mediterranean, presently known from continental Spain (off Barcelona, Colección de referencia de otolitos, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar-CSIC via GBIF) and the Balearic Island of Ibiza (Ahnelt & Kovačić 1997), between Marseilles in France and Tuscany in Italy including Monaco (Francour 2007), Lipari Island (Italy; Muriel Duhau unpublished observation), the Adriatic (Kolombatović 1891; Ahnelt & Kovačić 1997; Guidetti et al. 2006; Trkov et al. 2019), the Turkish Aegean coast (Francour et al. 2007; Bilecenoğlu & Yokes 2016), and further east in that country in the Levant basin (Bilecenoğlu & Yokes 2016)., Published as part of Kovačić, Marcelo, Renoult, Julien P., Pillon, Roberto, Svensen, Rudolf, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Engin, Semih & Louisy, Patrick, 2022, Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5144 (1) on page 86, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5144.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6601561, {"references":["Kolombatovic, G. (1891) Glamoci (Gobii) Spljetskog Pomorskog Okruzja Dalmaciji (In Croatian and Italian). Godisnje Izviesce C. K. Velike Realke u Splitu za Skolsku Godinu, Split, 1890 - 1891, 3 - 29.","Miller, P. J. (1969) Systematics and biology of the leopard-spotted goby, Gobius ephippiatus [Teleostei: Gobiidae], with description of a new genus and notes on the identity of G. macrolepis Kolombatovic. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 49 (4), 831 - 855. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 002531540003798 X","Ahnelt, H. & Kovacic, M. (1997) A northern Adriatic population of Thorogobius macrolepis (Gobiidae). Cybium, 21 (2), 149 - 162. https: // doi. org / 10.19233 / ASHN. 2016.18","Glavicic, I. & Kovacic, M. (2016) A quantitative sampling method for assessment of deep cryptobenthic ichthyofauna using trimix diving. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria, 46 (1), 43 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.3750 / AIP 2016.46.1.06","Renoult, J. P., Pillon, R., Kovacic, M. & Louisy, P. (2022) Frontiers in Fishwatching Series - Gobies of North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean: Gobius and Thorogobius. Les cahiers de la fondation Biotope. [in press]","Guidetti, P., Bussotti, S. & Kovacic, M. (2006) First record of the large-scaled goby, Thorogobius macrolepis (Pisces, Gobiidae), in Italian seas. Thalassia Salentina, 29, 41 - 45.","Trkov, D., Mavric, B., Orlando-Bonaca, M. & Lipej, L. (2019) Marine cryptobenthic fish fauna of Slovenia (Northern Adriatic Sea). Annales, Series Historia Naturalis, 29 (1), 59 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.19233 / ASHN. 2019.07","Bilecenog ˘ lu, M. & Yokes, M. B. (2016) Scuba observations reveal a wider distribution range for Thorogobius macrolepis (Teleostei: Gobiidae). Annales: Series Historia Naturalis, 26 (2), 197."]}

Aphia minuta (Risso, 1810) (Fig. 31)—Transparent Goby Atherina minuta Risso, 1810: 340; type locality: northwestern Mediterranean Sea, France, Nice. Size. Maximum known size 5.8 cm total length (La Mesa et al. 2005). Morphology. D IV–VI + I,11–13; A I,11–15; P 15–19. Pedomorphic habitus. Body laterally compressed. Eyes lateral, interorbital wide. Mouth superior, oblique, tip of lower jaw at the horizontal level of pupil. Caudal peduncle slender in females, deeper in males, lower than body height. Dorsal fins distant from each other, with a broad interdorsal space. The first dorsal fin small, roughly of trapezoid or parallelogram shape. Second dorsal fin high, with moderately short base and ray lengths decreasing posteriorly giving the fin triangular appearance, at least in females. Pelvic disc complete (Miller 1986; Patzner 2021). Caudal fin truncate to slightly emarginate. Scales present, but not usually visible on photographs. Live coloration. Body translucent, usually with a row of melanophores along anal-fin base, no triangular black spot at the base of caudal fin and no well-defined black spots laterally on abdomen (Fig. 31). Similar species. Crystallogobius linearis. Habitat. Pelagic and neritic species, widely distributed in inshore and estuarine waters from the surface to 80–100 m depth over sand, mud, sea-weed (Cystoseira spp.) and over seagrasses (Zostera marina and Posidonia oceanica) (La Mesa et al. 2005). Geographic distribution. The northeastern Atlantic, from the Strait of Gibraltar to the western Baltic and the coasts of Norway, as well as in the Mediterranean, including the Adriatic Sea, Black Sea and Azov Sea (La Mesa et al. 2005; Boltachev & Karpova 2017)., Published as part of Kovačić, Marcelo, Renoult, Julien P., Pillon, Roberto, Svensen, Rudolf, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Engin, Semih & Louisy, Patrick, 2022, Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5144 (1) on page 42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5144.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6601561, {"references":["Risso, A. (1810) Ichtyologie de Nice, ou histoire naturelle des poissons du departement des Alpes Maritimes. F. Schoell, Paris, xxxvi + 388 pp. [reprint, 1966, Asher, Amsterdam] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 7052","La Mesa, M., Arneri, E. Caputo, V. & Iglesias, M. (2005) The transparent goby, Aphia minuta: review of biology and fisheries of a paedomorphic European fish. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 15, 89 - 109. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11160 - 005 - 1613 - 4","Patzner, R. A. (2021) Gobiidae. Available from: http: // www. patzner. sbg. ac. at / Gobiidae / GobiidaeSpecies. htm (accessed 1 October 2021)","Boltachev, A. R. & Karpova, E. P. (2017) Marine fishes of the Crimean Peninsula, second edition. Business-Inform, Simpheropol, 376 pp."]}

Pomatoschistus tortonesei Miller, 1968 (Fig. 71)—Tortonese’s Goby Pomatoschistus tortonesei Miller, 1968: 221; type locality: Mediterranean Sea, Italy, Sicily, Marsala. Size. Maximum size 3.7 cm total length (Miller 1986). Morphology. D VI (V–VI) + I,6–8; A I,6–8; P 17–20 (Miller 1986). Small goby, with relatively robust subcylindrical body, laterally compressed towards caudal fin. Head slightly depressed and moderately large. Snout short. Eyes dorsolateral, interorbital space moderately narrow. Caudal peduncle slender, distinctly lower than body depth, more slender in females. First dorsal fin about equal to or lower than second dorsal fin, with more or less rounded margin. Caudal fin rounded. Scales visible on dead specimens from reticulate pattern of pigmentation along scale edges, visibility on live specimens unknown (Miller 1986). Freshly dead coloration. Body fawn with darker ferruginous reticulation. Usually 2 suborbital bars (with a pale area in between), one from anterior edge of eye to upper lip, a second one from rear edge of eye to corner of mouth; occasionally a dark bar at the junction of preopercle and opercle. Females with 3 conspicuous thin dark bars on posterior body (behind anus); bright yellow branchiostegal membrane (under head) and sometimes a yellow abdomen; a dark mark on chin (Fig. 71). Males with numerous, poorly-defined, vertical dark markings across sides; dark pelvic fins, breast and branchiostegal membrane (Miller 1986). Similar species. P. marmoratus, P. microps, P. quagga. Habitat. Infralittoral species, in lagoons, from brackish to slightly hypersaline, in shallows on sand near seagrass (Miller 1986). Geographic distribution. Mediterranean. Recorded from the central and southern Mediterranean from Sicily, Libya and Tunisia (Miller 1986; Mejri et al. 2009b)., Published as part of Kovačić, Marcelo, Renoult, Julien P., Pillon, Roberto, Svensen, Rudolf, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Engin, Semih & Louisy, Patrick, 2022, Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5144 (1) on page 83, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5144.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6601561, {"references":["Mejri, R., Lo Brutto, S., Ben Hassine, O. K. & Arculeo, M. (2009 b) A study on Pomatoschistus tortonesei Miller 1968 (Perciformes, Gobiidae) reveals the Siculo-Tunisian Strait (STS) as a breakpoint to gene flow in the Mediterranean basin. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 53, 596 - 601. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2009.04.018"]}

Gobius paganellus Linnaeus, 1758 (Fig. 57)—Rock Goby Gobius paganellus Linnaeus, 1758: 263, type locality: Mediterranean Sea. Size. Known adult size about 12 cm total length. Morphology. D VI + I,12–15; A I,10–13; P 15–20. Medium-sized goby with a proportionally short and stocky body. Head wide and moderately depressed. Caudal peduncle deep, but lower than body. Dorsal fins of similar height, the first dorsal fin may be slightly higher, with a more or less rounded distal edge and no elongate spines. Pectoral-fin free rays very well developed. Caudal fin rounded. Predorsal area and nape entirely covered with large scales. Scales visible on body and usually also on predorsal area (Miller 1986; Louisy 2015). Live coloration. Background coloration highly variable, ranging from light beige to dark brown (Fig. 57a). Nesting males occasionally entirely black, with just the first dorsal fin margin colored (Fig. 57b). Most frequent pattern: broad dark bars and thin alternate white saddles on the back, medium-sized dark blotches along lateral midline, and small dark markings on a light background below. Usually a pale to white bar between eye and corner of mouth; it is often preceded by a dark preorbital bar. First dorsal fin usually dark with an orange to yellow marginal band (Renoult et al. 2022). Similar species. Gobius ater, G. cobitis, Millerigobius macrocephalus, Zebrus zebrus, Z. pallaoroi. Habitat. Infralittoral species known from 0.5–20 m depth on very diverse hard or mixed bottoms (Patzner 2021; P. Louisy unpublished observation). Geographic distribution. The whole of the Mediterranean (Miller 1986), Black Sea (Engin & Seyhan 2009) and Eastern Atlantic from Great Britain to Senegal (Miller 1986), including the Azores (Santos et al. 1997), the Canary Islands (Wirtz 1994) and Madeira (Wirtz et al. 2008)., Published as part of Kovačić, Marcelo, Renoult, Julien P., Pillon, Roberto, Svensen, Rudolf, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Engin, Semih & Louisy, Patrick, 2022, Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5144 (1) on pages 61-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5144.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6601561, {"references":["Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, ii + 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542","Louisy, P. (2015) Europe and Mediterranean Marine Fish Identification Guide. 3 rd Edition. Eugen Ulmer Ed., Paris, 512 pp.","Renoult, J. P., Pillon, R., Kovacic, M. & Louisy, P. (2022) Frontiers in Fishwatching Series - Gobies of North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean: Gobius and Thorogobius. Les cahiers de la fondation Biotope. [in press]","Patzner, R. A. (2021) Gobiidae. Available from: http: // www. patzner. sbg. ac. at / Gobiidae / GobiidaeSpecies. htm (accessed 1 October 2021)","Engin, S. & Seyhan, K. (2009) Biological characteristics of rock goby Gobius paganellus in the South eastern Black Sea. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria, 39, 111 - 118. https: // doi. org / 10.3750 / AIP 2009.39.2.05","Santos, R. S., Porteiro, F. M. & Barreiros, J. P. (1997) Marine fishes of the Azores: annotated checklist and bibliography. Bulletin of the University of Azores, Supplement 1, 1 - 244.","Wirtz, P. (1994) Underwater Guide. Fish of Madeira, Canary Islands and Azores. Verlag Stephanie Naglschmid, Stuttgart, 126 pp.","Wirtz, P., Fricke, R. & Biscoito, M. J. (2008) The coastal fishes of Madeira Island - new records and an annotated check-list. Zootaxa, 1715 (1), 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1715.1.1"]}

Vanneaugobius dollfusi Brownell, 1978 (Fig. 19)—Dollfus’ Goby Vanneaugobius dollfusi Brownell, 1978: 124, Figs. 1, 2, 4; type locality: Morocco, off Agadir. Size. Maximum known size about 3.9 cm total length (Kovačić 2008b). Morphology. D VI–VII + I,9–10; A I,8–9; P 16–17. A small species with a moderately elongated body. Caudal peduncle deep, almost as deep as body. Dorsal fins of similar height, the first dorsal fin with more or less rounded margin, can be pointed in males with the first spine longest (see Francour et al. 2010 *). Caudal fin rounded, 2 large spinous scales on upper and lower fin base (barely visible, even in close-up photographs). Pelvic fins are separated, also hardly visible from lateral view. Scales present on body, usually poorly visible on photographs. Predorsal area naked (Kovačić 2008b). Live coloration. Head and body grayish with pale orange, reddish, rarely pinkish blotches and speckles, or indistinct bars of same colors on a paler background (Fig. 19), sometimes faded depending on the environment and the mood of the fish. Head mostly orange with irregular pale markings or speckles; the tubular anterior nostrils are white. Usually 8–9 pale areas along back (from nape to caudal peduncle), sometimes becoming small white saddles. A series of typical short pearly white bars arranged in 3-5 pairs on lower body (depending on how much visible they are), usually interspersed with midlateral orange elongated blotches. First dorsal fin translucent with orange-red dots along spines. Sometimes an elongate dark spot on anterior basal part of first dorsal fin, but not always visible in the field; this dark spot on the first dorsal fin is present in both sexes, but seems more commonly displayed by females (Van Tassell et al. 1988; Kovačić 2008b; Louisy 2015). Similar species. Odondebuenia balearica, Corcyrogobius liechtensteini. Habitat. Observed or collected underwater by SCUBA diving between 27–60 m depth, often found lying on sediment at the foot of rocky or coralligenous walls or slopes, quickly hiding in a nearby cavity or shelter (Kovačić 2008b; Francour et al. 2010 *; Le Bris et al. 2015; Glavičić & Kovačić 2016; Glavičić et al. 2016; Dubas et al. 2018). Most of the collected specimens were caught deeper, mostly with beam trawls between 54–160 m depth, on different habitats: coralligenous or rocky grounds, maërl, deep algal beds, shell debris, sand, mud (Pallaoro & Kovačić 2000; Ahnelt & Dorda 2004; Ordines et al. 2019a). Geographic distribution. Eastern Atlantic and northern Mediterranean species. Types collected in Agadir, Atlantic coast of Morocco (Brownell 1978). Known in the Mediterranean from the Balearic Islands (Ordines et al. 2019) to the Aegean Sea, Peloponnese (Ahnelt & Dorda 2004); records include France, Gulf of Lion (Le Bris et al. 2015), French Riviera (Duhau et al. 2020c), Corsica (Francour et al. 2010 *), Italy, Strait of Sicily (Consoli et al. 2019), Malta (Kovačić & Schembri 2019) and the Adriatic Sea (Pallaoro & Kovačić 2000; Ahnelt & Dorda 2004; Kovačić et al. 2012b). * Although misidentified in the cited report, three good photographs allow for a positive identification of V. dollfusi (which makes them the first French record of this species). See also Louisy (2015)., Published as part of Kovačić, Marcelo, Renoult, Julien P., Pillon, Roberto, Svensen, Rudolf, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Engin, Semih & Louisy, Patrick, 2022, Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5144 (1) on pages 88-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5144.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6601561, {"references":["Brownell, C. L. (1978) Vanneaugobius dollfusi, a new genus and species of small gobiid with divided ventrals from Morocco (Pisces, Gobioidei). Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 43 (2), 135 - 145. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359197809520233","Kovacic, M. (2008 b) Live colouration, morphology and habitat of Vanneaugobius dollfusi (Gobiidae) in the northern Adriatic Sea. Journal of Fish Biology, 73, 1019 - 1023. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8649.2008.01918. x","Francour, P., Bodilis, P., Cottalorda, J. M. & Seytre, C. (2010) Inventaire des Gobiidae dans la Reiserve Naturelle de Scandola (Corse) et aI proximitei de ses limites. Contrat Parc Naturel Reigional de la Corse. Universitei de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, ECOMERS publ., Nice, 1 - 54.","Van Tassell, J. L., Miller, P. J. & Brito, A. (1988) A revision of Vanneaugobius (Teleostei: Gobiidae), with description of a new species. Journal of Natural History, 22 (2), 545 - 567. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938800770371","Louisy, P. (2015) Europe and Mediterranean Marine Fish Identification Guide. 3 rd Edition. Eugen Ulmer Ed., Paris, 512 pp.","Glavicic, I. & Kovacic, M. (2016) A quantitative sampling method for assessment of deep cryptobenthic ichthyofauna using trimix diving. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria, 46 (1), 43 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.3750 / AIP 2016.46.1.06","Dubas, R., Pillon, R. & Louisy, P. (2018) Signalisation de / Record of Vanneaugobius dollfusi, 26 December 2018 (obs. 09 June 2018, photo 4676). Fish Watch Forum, Louisy, P. & Francour, P. (Ed.). Available from: https: // www. fish-watch. org (accessed 28 September 2021)","Pallaoro, A. & Kovacic, M. (2000) Vanneaugobius dollfusi Brownell, 1978 a rare fish new to the Adriatic Sea. Journal of Fish Biology, 55, 255 - 257. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8649.2000. tb 00791. x","Ahnelt, H. & Dorda, J. (2004) Gobioid fishes from the north eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean: new records and rarely found species. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 105 B, 5 - 19.","Ordines, F., Kovacic, M., Vivas, M., Garcia-Ruiz, C. & Guijarro, B. (2019 a) Westernmost Mediterranean records of three gobiid species (Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Gobiidae). Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria, 49, 275 - 282. https: // doi. org / 10.3750 / AIEP / 02604","Duhau, M., Renoult, J. & Louisy, P. (2020 c) Signalisation de / Record of Vanneaugobius dollfusi, 24 December 2020 (obs. 20 August 2020, photo 5819). Fish Watch Forum, Louisy, P. & Francour, P. (Ed.). Available from: https: // www. fish-watch. org (accessed 28 September 2021)","Consoli, P., Kovacic, M., Battaglia, P., Romeo, T., Scotti, G., Andaloro, F. & Patzner, R. A. (2019) First record of two gobiid fish from the Strait of Sicily (central Mediterranean Sea): Odondebuenia balearica (Pellegrin & Fage, 1907) and Vanneaugobius dollfusi (Brownell, 1978). Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 60, 263 - 268. https: // doi. org / 10.21411 / CBM. A. 36 F 385 CB","Kovacic, M. & Schembri, P. J. (2019) Twelve new records of gobies and clingfishes (Pisces: Teleostei) significantly increase small benthic fish diversity of Maltese waters. Mediterranean Marine Science, 20, 287 - 296. https: // doi. org / 10.12681 / mms. 19816","Kovacic, M., Sanda, R., Kirincic, M. & Zanella D. (2012 b) Geographic distribution of gobies (Gobiidae) in the Adriatic Sea with thirteen new records for its southern part. Cybium, 36, 435 - 445. https: // doi. org / 10.26028 / cybium / 2012 - 363 - 003"]}

Lebetus patzneri Schliewen, Kovačić & Ordines, 2019 (Fig. 11)—Patzner’s Goby Lebetus patzneri Schliewen, Kovačić & Ordines, 2019: 236; type locality: western Mediterranean Sea, Spain, Balearic Islands, Menorca Channel. Size. Maximum size 2.1 cm total length (Schliewen et al. 2019). Morphology. D VI–VII+I,7–8;A I,6; P 15–16. Small goby with subcylindrical body, laterally compressed towards caudal fin. Head slightly depressed and fairly long. Eyes moderately large and close together. Snout moderately long and pointed. Lips thick, giving mouth a broad, almost rectangular shape in dorsal and lateral view. Caudal peduncle deep, but lower than body depth. The first dorsal fin small, more or less with rounded distal edge. Caudal fin rounded. Body covered with scales, but scales poorly visible on freshly dead specimen photographs, visibility on live specimens unknown (Schliewen et al. 2019). Freshly dead coloration. Head and body red, gently black dotted (peppered) and with irregular white markings; first dorsal fin entirely dark (Fig. 11). Three red bars radiating from lower margin of eye, with white in between. Caudal peduncle mostly red as the rest of body, with only a triangular white blotch or saddle (Fig. 11) (Schliewen et al. 2019). Similar species. Lebetus guilleti, Speleogobius trigloides, Vanneaugobius dollfusi. Habitat. Circalittoral, on Peyssonnelia and rodolith red algae beds, from 60–72 m depth (Schliewen et al. 2019). Geographic distribution. Mediterranean, only known from Balearic Islands, Spain (Schliewen et al. 2019)., Published as part of Kovačić, Marcelo, Renoult, Julien P., Pillon, Roberto, Svensen, Rudolf, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Engin, Semih & Louisy, Patrick, 2022, Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5144 (1) on page 68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5144.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6601561, {"references":["Schliewen, U. K., Kovacic, M., Gerwenka, A. F., Svensen, R. & Ordines, F. (2019) Lebetus patzneri (Teleostei: Gobiidae), a new goby species from the Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean, with first records of Lebetus guilleti (Le Danois, 1913) from this area and Norway, and with notes on its biology. Zootaxa, 4706 (2), 231 - 254. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4706.2.2"]}

Zebrus pallaoroi Kovačić, Šanda & Vukić, 2021 (Fig. 29)—Pallaoro’s Goby Zebrus pallaoroi Kovačić, Šanda & Vukić, 2021: 9, Figs. 1A, 2A–C, 3; type locality: Adriatic Sea, Montenegro, Boka Kotorska, Kostanjica. Note: This species was described recently and we lack information on its aspect and coloration in life; the present account is thus provisional and may not allow for a fully reliable visual identification and differentiation from Z. zebrus. Size. Maximum known size 4.1 cm total length. Morphology. D VI + I,10–11; A I,8–9; P 17. Small goby with a body more slender than in Zebrus zebrus, a large and somewhat flattened head, and a deep caudal peduncle of almost same depth as body. Eyes relatively small, snout slightly longer than eye diameter. Head wide, with large prominent cheeks (Fig. 29c): head width at opercle level about 80–90 % of head length (compared to 50–75 % in Z. zebrus). Anterior nostril a tube with tentacle (Fig. 29c); posterior nostril tube only slightly shorter (more than 80 % of the anterior). Dorsal fins of similar height, the first dorsal fin with more or less rounded margin. The uppermost pectoral-fin rays partly free from membrane (Kovačić et al. 2021; present work). Caudal fin rounded. Body scaled, nape and predorsal area naked. Scales more or less visible on body from reticulate pigmentation along scale edges. Coloration. In dead or preserved specimens, body with 10−11 pale bars along side (Figs. 29a and 29b), first in front of the first dorsal fin, last at the end of the second dorsal fin. Very little is known for sure about this species’ in vivo coloration. Overall live coloration dark to pale brownish or greenish with thin, alternating, pale and dark bars (*). Usually, there are at least 4 pale bars under the first dorsal fin (Figs. 29a and 29b), but this pattern may disappear, the sides of body becoming uniformly colored or mottled dark. When present, the crescent band on head (broad pale transverse band across anterior nape extending on the sides reaching pectoral-fin bases) does not extend forward to eyes. First dorsal fin usually with a whitish longitudinal band, topped with a contrasting orangeyellow to pinkish distal half. Second dorsal fin with dark spots seldom coalescing in lines. (*) The pattern of lateral bars visible on dead or stressed animals do not exactly match the number and location of lateral markings usually displayed underwater (these 2 pattern types may superimpose to various extents). Similar species. Zebrus zebrus, Millerigobius macrocephalus, Chromogobius zebratus. Habitat. Shallow infralittoral species, known from 0–1 m depth between gravel and small boulders (Kovačić et al. 2021, 2022). Also found at 3 m depth (J. Renoult, unpublished data). Geographic distribution. Mediterranean. Recorded in the southern, central and northern part along the eastern Adriatic Sea, the northern part of the Ionian Sea, and the northern and western parts of the Aegean Sea (Kovačić et al. 2021, 2022). Also known from Palavas-les-Flots, southern France (J. Renoult, unpublished data)., Published as part of Kovačić, Marcelo, Renoult, Julien P., Pillon, Roberto, Svensen, Rudolf, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Engin, Semih & Louisy, Patrick, 2022, Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5144 (1) on page 89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5144.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6601561, {"references":["Kovacic, M., Sanda, R., Cekovska, K., T. Soukupova, T. & Vukic, J. (2021) Zebrus pallaoroi sp. nov.: a new species of goby (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) from the Mediterranean Sea with a dna-based phylogenetic analysis of the Gobius - lineage. Contributions to Zoology Advance articles, 90 (3), 285 - 317 https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 18759866 - bja 10018"]}

Pomatoschistus norvegicus (Collett, 1902) (Fig. 69)— Norway Goby Gobius minutus norvegicus Collett, 1902: 54; type locality: Norway, Breviksfjord. Size. Maximum size 6.5 cm total length (Miller 1986). Morphology. D VI + I,8–10; A I,8–11; P 16–18 (Miller 1986). Moderately small goby with subcylindrical body, laterally compressed towards caudal fin, head slightly depressed and moderately large. Snout moderately large and pointed. Eyes dorsolateral, interorbital space moderately narrow. Caudal peduncle long and slender, clearly lower than body depth. Dorsal fins of similar height, the first dorsal fin with more or less rounded margin and no elongated spines. Caudal fin rounded (Miller 1986). Scales present on body, possibly visible on photographs, at least dorsally. Predorsal area scaled at least posteriorly. Live coloration. Body pale fawn, somewhat translucent, covered with faint darker reticulation and scattered ferruginous to orange dots (Fig. 69). Often a lateral series of dark blotches, largest one below first dorsal fin, and darker one on caudal-fin base. Usually a preorbital dark bar extending from the eye through upper lip, often to the chin. Adult male with about 10–12 narrow dark bars across side of body, pigmented breast, and a black spot bordered in blue dorsally and ventrally in rear part of the first dorsal fin (Miller 1986; Louisy 2015). Similar species. Pomatoschistus marmoratus, P. microps, P. minutus. Habitat. Infralittoral and circalittoral to bathyal species, from 18–325 m depth, soft bottom and mussel grounds (Miller 1986). Geographic distribution. Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean. In the Mediterranean, along the north coast from Alboran Sea to Aegean Sea (Miller 1986). Also recorded in the Adriatic Sea (Stefanni 2000). In the Atlantic Ocean known from Normandy, France and Irish coast to Norway (Miller 1986)., Published as part of Kovačić, Marcelo, Renoult, Julien P., Pillon, Roberto, Svensen, Rudolf, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Engin, Semih & Louisy, Patrick, 2022, Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5144 (1) on page 81, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5144.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6601561, {"references":["Collett, R. (1902) Meddelelser om Norges fiske i aarene 1884 - 1901 (3 die Hoved-supplement til \" Norges Fiske \"). I. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-selskabet i Christiania, 1, 1 - 121. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12557","Louisy, P. (2015) Europe and Mediterranean Marine Fish Identification Guide. 3 rd Edition. Eugen Ulmer Ed., Paris, 512 pp.","Stefanni, S. (2000) First record of the Norway goby in the Adriatic Sea. Journal of Fish Biology, 57, 828 - 830. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8649.2000. tb 00277. x"]}

Gobius roulei de Buen, 1928 (Fig. 58)—Roule’s Goby Gobius roulei de Buen, 1928: 1, figs. 1–2, type locality: western Mediterranean Sea, Spain, Baleares Islands, Mallorca, Palma Bay, Porto Pi. Size. Known adult size about 8–9 cm total length. Morphology. D VI + I,12–14;A I,12; P 17–19. Medium-sized goby with a relatively slender body, proportionately large head with a short and steep snout. Caudal peduncle deep, but lower than body. First dorsal fin high and pointed with elongate spines in males, more often with a triangular rounded shape in females (and about height of second dorsal fin). Pectoral-fin free rays moderately developed. Caudal fin rounded. Scales present on body, usually visible on photographs, at least dorsally (Fig. 58). Predorsal area naked (Miller 1986). Rows of dark sensory papillae sometimes visible on nape. Live coloration. Background coloration whitish, grayish or pale orange. Lateral midline covered with an almost continuous line of brown to black dots between pectoral and caudal fins; this line is slightly broadened at regular intervals to form 5 to 6 midlateral blotches (Fig. 58). Back mottled orange to dark brown, with white or gray patches sometimes forming narrow saddles, ventral side almost uniformly light cream, with only faint grayish markings below the midlateral blotches (Fig. 58). Lips white, unmarked. Oculoscapular dark line well visible, beginning with a short and broad orange to pink dash just behind eye. Dorsal-fin membranes pale, with a yellow shade on distal half, and 2 to 3 faint, darker transverse bands on proximal half. Basal half of first spine of each dorsal fin with alternating white and black dashes along leading edge (Fig. 58) (Renoult et al. 2022). Similar species. Gobus niger, G. gasteveni, G. geniporus. Habitat. Infralittoral and circalittoral to bathyal species known from 1 to 385 m depth (Maul 1976) on sand or coarse sand, among seagrass or bedrocks (Kovačić 1995). Geographic distribution Mediterranean, in the Atlantic recorded only in southern Portugal (Maul 1976). It was described from the Balearic Islands (de Buen 1928), and since has been recorded throughout northern Mediterranean from Gibraltar to Malta (Kovačić & Schembri 2019) and Cyprus (Kovačić & Golani 2006), including southern France (Le Bris & Louisy 2015), the Ligurian Sea (Liu et al. 2009b), Adriatic Sea (Kovačić 1995; Lipej et al. 2005), Aegean Sea and Levant (Bilecenoğlu et al. 2014)., Published as part of Kovačić, Marcelo, Renoult, Julien P., Pillon, Roberto, Svensen, Rudolf, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Engin, Semih & Louisy, Patrick, 2022, Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5144 (1) on page 63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5144.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6601561, {"references":["De Buen, F. (1928) Descripcion de un nuevo Gobius (G. roulei nov. sp.). Notas y Resumenes, Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia, 2, 1 - 6.","Renoult, J. P., Pillon, R., Kovacic, M. & Louisy, P. (2022) Frontiers in Fishwatching Series - Gobies of North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean: Gobius and Thorogobius. Les cahiers de la fondation Biotope. [in press]","Maul, G. E. (1976) The fishes taken in bottom trawls by R. V. ' Meteor' during the 1967 seamounts cruises in the Northeast Atlantic. Meteor Forschungsergebnisse. Reihe D - Biologie, 22, 1 - 69.","Kovacic, M. (1995) Gobius roulei de Buen, 1928 (Pisces, Teleostei, Gobiidae), a fish new to the Adriatic fauna. Natura Croatica, 4, 173 - 184.","Kovacic, M. & Schembri, P. J. (2019) Twelve new records of gobies and clingfishes (Pisces: Teleostei) significantly increase small benthic fish diversity of Maltese waters. Mediterranean Marine Science, 20, 287 - 296. https: // doi. org / 10.12681 / mms. 19816","Kovacic, M. & Golani, D. (2006) First record of the Roule's goby, Gobius roulei (Gobiidae), in the Levant. Cybium, 30, 189 - 190. https: // doi. org / 10.26028 / cybium / 2006 - 302 - 013","Le Bris, S. & Louisy, P. (2015) Signalisation de / Record of Gobius roulei, 25 August 2015 (obs. 11 August 2015, photo 760). Fish Watch Forum, Louisy, P. & Francour, P. (Ed.). Available from: https: // www. fish-watch. org (accessed 28 September 2021)","Liu, H. T., Ahnelt, H., Balma, G. A. C. & Delmastro, G. B. (2009 b) First record of Gobius roulei (Gobiidae) in the Ligurian Sea. Cybium, 33, 253 - 254. https: // doi. org / 10.26028 / cybium / 2009 - 333 - 011","Lipej, L., Bonaca, M. O. & Richter, M. (2005) New contributions to the marine coastal fish fauna of Slovenia. Annales, Series Historia Naturalis, 15 (2), 165."]}

Gobius gasteveni Miller, 1974 (Fig. 54)—Steven’s Goby Gobius gasteveni Miller, 1974: 468, type locality: England, English Channel, Plymouth. Size. Known adult size about 10–12 cm total length. Morphology. D V–VI + I,12–15; A I,11–14; P 18–22. Medium-sized goby with a moderately long body, and a short snout with a steep profile. Caudal peduncle deep, but lower than body. Dorsal fins of similar height, the first may be slightly higher, with a more or less trapezoid shape, its first spine no shorter than the others. Caudal fin rounded. Scales present on body and on predorsal area, usually visible on photographs at least on body (Miller 1974, 1986). Live coloration. Body light gray to light pink with gold and greenish reflections on the back. Lateral midline with 6 to 11 rectangular, orange to dark brown blotches, some of them usually separated by isolated dark dots surrounded with white (Fig. 54). Lips white, or light gray or gold with white spots. Snout with a well-defined V-shaped line. Cheeks pale or shaded, and then often with a gold sheen and round white spots. An oculoscapular orange stripe starts behind eye and continues above upper pectoral-fin base into an irregular dorsolateral body stripe until top of caudal peduncle (Fig. 54a). Dorsal fins with white spots and white margin in some males, possibly only in Atlantic population. Breeding males dark (Fig. 54b) (Alberto et al. 1999; Renoult et al. 2022). Similar species. Gobius roulei, G. geniporus. Habitat. Infralittoral and circalittoral species, known from 5–120 m depth on soft bottoms with mud, sand, silt, shell or small-stone deposits (Miller 1986; Patzner 2021). Geographic distribution. Eastern Atlantic from Great Britain (Miller 1974) to Madeira and Canary Islands (Miller 1984) and in the western Mediterranean: Alboran and Balearic Islands (Ahnelt & Dorda 2004), southern France (J. Renoult unpublished observation), Gulf of Genoa in Italy (Ahnelt et al. 2011), Malta (Kovačić & Schembri 2019) and Lebanon (Bitar & Badreddine 2021)., Published as part of Kovačić, Marcelo, Renoult, Julien P., Pillon, Roberto, Svensen, Rudolf, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Engin, Semih & Louisy, Patrick, 2022, Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5144 (1) on page 56, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5144.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6601561, {"references":["Alberto, L. J., Nieto, P. & Rodriguez Solorzano, M. (1999) Live coloration and diet of Gobius gasteveni (Teleostei: Gobiidae), with a first record from continental Europe. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 40, 77 - 85.","Renoult, J. P., Pillon, R., Kovacic, M. & Louisy, P. (2022) Frontiers in Fishwatching Series - Gobies of North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean: Gobius and Thorogobius. Les cahiers de la fondation Biotope. [in press]","Patzner, R. A. (2021) Gobiidae. Available from: http: // www. patzner. sbg. ac. at / Gobiidae / GobiidaeSpecies. htm (accessed 1 October 2021)","Miller, P. J. (1984) The gobiid fishes of temperate Macaronesia (eastern Atlantic). Journal of Zoology, London, 204, 363 - 412. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1984. tb 02379. x","Ahnelt, H. & Dorda, J. (2004) Gobioid fishes from the north eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean: new records and rarely found species. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 105 B, 5 - 19.","Ahnelt, H., Loffler, J., Balma, G. A. C. & Delmastro, G. B. (2011) On the occurrence of the rare deepwater gobiid fish Gobius gasteveni Miller, 1974 in the western Mediterranean (Italy). Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 27, 1128 - 1130. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0426.2011.01753. x","Kovacic, M. & Schembri, P. J. (2019) Twelve new records of gobies and clingfishes (Pisces: Teleostei) significantly increase small benthic fish diversity of Maltese waters. Mediterranean Marine Science, 20, 287 - 296. https: // doi. org / 10.12681 / mms. 19816","Bitar, G. & Badreddine, A. (2021) An updated checklist of the marine fishes in Lebanon. An answer to Bariche and Fricke (2020): \" The marine ichthyofauna of Lebanon: an annotated checklist, history, biogeography, and conservation status \". Zootaxa, 5010 (1), 1 - 128. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5010.1.1"]}

Silhouettea aegyptia (Chabanaud, 1933) (Fig. 72)—Egyptian Goby Gobius lesueuri aegyptius Chabanaud, 1933: 11; type locality: Egypt, Lake Timsah. Size. Attains about 5 cm total length. Morphology. D VI + I,9–11; A I,11–12; P 13–15. Body elongate, its depth 6.0–7.0 in standard length. Head with short snout. Eyes dorsolateral, about upper one-third elevated above dorsal profile of head. Caudal peduncle slender, lower than body depth. First dorsal fin higher than second fin, the first spine longest, slightly prolonged in males, giving the fin a triangular shape. Pelvic fins united to form a disc, reaching origin of anal fin. Caudal fin rounded, slightly shorter than head. Scales on body ctenoid, no scales on head, nape, and prepectoral and prepelvic areas. Scales visible on dead specimens from reticulate pattern of pigmentation along scale edges, visibility on live specimens unknown. Freshly dead coloration. Finely mottled light brown dorsally, grading to white ventrally on head and abdomen, with a midlateral series of 9–10 gray to blackish blotches about eye size or smaller, the first 2 beneath pectoral fin and the last on caudal-fin base, the penultimate being the smallest; most of these blotches are bisected by a vertical, slightly curved, brown-orange line (Fig. 72). A series of similar curved lines below the midlateral row; scattered shorter brownish yellow dashes dorsally. First dorsal fin with three oblique dark crossbands; rays of dorsal three-fourths of caudal fin with aligned small dark dots. Similar species. Pomatoschistus marmoratus, P. microps. Habitat. Inhabits silty sand or mud bottom, generally at depths of less than 1 m. Able to quickly bury itself into the sediment to level of eyes; tolerates a wide range of salinities (Miller & Fouda 1986). Geographic distribution. Originally restricted to the Red Sea. In the Mediterranean, it has been recorded from Ashdod and Bardawil Lagoon (Miller & Fouda 1986; Golani 2021) and Syria (Ali 2018)., Published as part of Kovačić, Marcelo, Renoult, Julien P., Pillon, Roberto, Svensen, Rudolf, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Engin, Semih & Louisy, Patrick, 2022, Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5144 (1) on page 84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5144.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6601561, {"references":["Chabanaud, P. (1933) Sur divers poissons de la mer Rouge et du canal de Suez. Description de deux especes nouvelles. Bulletin de l'Institut Oceanographique, Monaco, 627, 1 - 12.","Miller, P. J. & Fouda, M. M. (1986) Notes on the biology of a Red Sea goby, Silhouettea aegyptia (Chabanaud, 1933) (Teleostei: Gobiidae). Cybium, Paris, 10 (4), 395 - 409.","Golani, D. (2021) An updated checklist of the Mediterranean fishes of Israel, with illustrations of recently recorded species and delineation of Lessepsian migrants. Zootaxa, 4956 (1), 1 - 108. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4956.1.1","Ali, M. (2018) An updated Checklist of Marine fishes from Syria with an emphasis on alien species. Mediterranean Marine Science, 19 (2), 388 - 393. https: // doi. org / 10.12681 / mms. 15850"]}

Trypauchen vagina (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) (Fig. 1)—Pink Worm Goby Gobius vagina Bloch & Schneider, 1801: 73; type locality: India, Tranquebar [Tharangambadi]. Size. Reaches 23 cm total length. Morphology. D VI, 40–50; A39–47; P 15–20. Body very elongate and laterally compressed. A pouch-like cavity just above operculum. Head laterally compressed with reduced eyes. Dorsal and anal fins low, long and confluent with caudal fin. Pelvic fins fused medially, but connecting membrane between innermost rays emarginated posteriorly (Murdy 2006). Scales on body cycloid, no scales on head. Scales small, visible on body and predorsal area as pattern of pale dots. Fresh coloration. Head and body entirely reddish or pinkish red (Fig. 1a). Similar species. None of Mediterranean Gobiidae. Habitat. Inhabits muddy or silty sand bottom in bays and brackish estuaries at depths of 10–90 m (Murdy 2006; Ergüden et al. 2018). Geographic distribution. Recorded from the Arabian Gulf east to Vietnam, Taiwan and the Philippines, unknown from the Red Sea. In the Mediterranean it has been collected in Israel (Salameh et al. 2010) and Turkey (Ergüden et al. 2018)., Published as part of Kovačić, Marcelo, Renoult, Julien P., Pillon, Roberto, Svensen, Rudolf, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Engin, Semih & Louisy, Patrick, 2022, Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5144 (1) on page 87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5144.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6601561, {"references":["Bloch, M. E. & Schneider, J. G. (1801) M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae Iconibus cx Ilustratum. Post obitum auctoris opus inchoatum absolvit, correxit, interpolavit Jo. Gottlob Schneider, Saxo. Sumtibus Auctoris Impressum et Bibliopolio Sanderiano Commissum, Berolini, ix + 584 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5750","Murdy, E. O. (2006) A revision of the gobiid fish genus Trypauchen (Gobiidae: Amblyopinae). Zootaxa, 1343 (1), 55 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1343.1.3","Erguden, D., Kabakli, F., Alagoz Erguden, S. & Altun, A. (2018) Occurrence of the Burrowing goby Trypauchen vagina (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) in Southeastern Mediterranean, Turkey. International Journal of Veterinary and Animal Research, 1 (3), 16 - 18.","Salameh, P., Sonin, O. & Golani, D. (2010) First record of the Burrowing goby Trypauchen vagina (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) (Teleostei: Gobiidae: Amblyopinae) in the Mediterranean. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria, 40 (2), 109 - 111. https: // doi. org / 10.3391 / ai. 2011.6. S 1.004"]}

Speleogobius llorisi Kovačić, Ordines & Schliewen, 2016 (Fig. 13)—Lloris’ Grotto Goby Speleogobius llorisi Kovačić, Ordines & Schliewen, 2016: 302, Figs. 2–5; type locality: western Mediterranean Sea, Spain, Balearic Islands, Mallorca. Size. Maximum size about 3 cm total length. Morphology. D VI + I,6–7; A I,5–7; P 15. Body slender, laterally compressed. Head long, slightly depressed. Snout pointed, equal to or longer than eye diameter. S econd dorsal and anal fins with short base and low ray counts (see fin meristics). Caudal peduncle slender, lower than body depth. Dorsal fins of similar height, first dorsal fin with more or less rounded margin. Caudal fin truncate (Kovačić et al. 2016; Engin et al. 2017; Kovačić & Glavičić 2019). Scales present on body and on predorsal area, poorly visible on photographs. Live coloration. The general hue may vary from beige to brown to reddish brown depending on the environment and the fish’s mood. Predorsal area reddish brown to whitish brown, underside of head, cheek and opercle mostly red with poorly visible white parts (Engin et al. 2017), occasionally also yellowish (Kovačić & Glavičić 2019). Three dark bars on dorsal half of body, alternating with 4 pale areas, these 3 bars connected to 4 dark blotches on lower side of body, one more midlateral blotch on the posterior ventral part of caudal peduncle (Duhau-Spielmann et al. 2021) (Fig. 13). Caudal peduncle uniformly pale dorsally, dark ventrally. Dark bars and blotches may be quite diffuse in males, resulting in most of the body being rather uniformly dark, except caudal peduncle dorsally. Dorsal fins with a wide beige to whitish outer margin. Similar species. Speleogobius trigloides. Habitat. Circalittoral species, known from 32–69 m depth on rhodolith beds or detritic coarse sand and gravel (Kovačić et al. 2016; Engin et al. 2017; Kovačić & Glavičić 2019; Duhau-Spielmann et al. 2021; J. Renoult, unpublished observation). Geographic distribution. Northern Mediterranean, presently known from the Balearic Islands (Kovačić et al. 2016) to the Aegean Sea (Engin et al. 2017), including France (Duhau-Spielmann et al. 2021; J. Renoult unpublished observation), Malta (Kovačić & Schembri 2019) and the Adriatic Sea (Kovačić & Glavičić 2019).

Speleogobius trigloides Zander & Jelinek, 1976 (Fig. 12)—Grotto Goby Speleogobius trigloides Zander & Jelinek, 1976: 275, Figs. 4–5; type locality: Adriatic Sea, Croatia, Grotto of Banjole, near Rovinj. Size. Maximum size about 2.8 cm total length. Morphology. D VI + I,6–7; A I,5–7; P 14–15. Body slender, laterally compressed. Head slightly depressed behind eyes. Snout pointed, shorter than eye diameter. Caudal peduncle slender, lower than body depth. Second dorsal and anal fins with short base and low ray counts (see fin meristics). Dorsal fins of similar height, the first dorsal fin with more or less rounded margin and no elongated spines, except in breeding males that have both dorsal fins higher (Zander & Jelinek 1976; Miller 1986; Kovačić et al. 2016; Engin et al. 2017). Caudal fin truncate. Scales present on body and on predorsal area, mostly not visible on photographs. Live coloration. Body primarily red (from rosy to yellow-orange to vermilion) with series of white blotches along dorsal and ventral sides (Fig. 12), 5 irregular whitish dorsal saddles (first below first dorsal-fin origin, second (wider) at interdorsal space, third below rear second dorsal fin, fourth at about middle of caudal peduncle and fifth just before caudal-fin base); a series of 5–6 barely-defined and somewhat coalescing white to yellowish blotches along ventral profile (first on belly below first dorsal fin, last on caudal peduncle). In males, body becoming yellow posteriorly, or at least the caudal fin; white blotches often reduced, sometimes absent, especially the lower ones; dorsal fins yellowish with at least one oblique pink to light purple stripe visible on each (Fig. 12a). In females, background body color generally a uniform pinkish red (Fig. 12b). Dorsal fins mostly transparent, usually with an oblique whitish stripe on each. While female colors and patterns appear to be quite constant, males may completely lose their white or pale blotches (Zander & Jelinek 1976; Fesser 1980; Miller 1986; Louisy 2015; Kovačić et al. 2016; Engin et al. 2017). Similar species. Speleogobius llorisi. Habitat. Infralittoral to circalittoral species, known from 8–48 m depth, most often on coralligenous beds and concretion, possibly on scree made of boulders, sometimes on deep rocks, on detritic coarse sand or in caves; may swim a few centimeters from the substrate (Zander & Jelinek 1976; Miller 1986; Le Bris et al. 2015; Louisy 2015; Engin et al. 2017; Bérenger et al. 2019 and pers. com.; Duhau et al. 2020a). Geographic distribution. Mediterranean. Presently known from southern France (Duhau et al. 2015; Le Bris et al. 2015; Bérenger et al. 2019 and pers. com.; Iglésias et al. 2020), to the Aegean Sea (Engin et al. 2017), including the northern and southern Tyrrhenian Sea (Duhau et al., 2020a, 2020b) and the Adriatic Sea (Zander & Jelinek 1976; Miller 1986; Kovačić 1997).

Gobius ophiocephalus Pallas, 1814 (Fig. 44)—Grass Goby Gobius ophiocephalus Pallas, 1814: 153, type locality: Black Sea, coasts of Crimea. Size. Known adult size about 15–20 cm, reaching 25 cm total length. Morphology. D V–VII + I,13–16; A I,12–16; P 17–20. Body stout and distinctly compressed laterally (for a Gobius species), especially on caudal peduncle. Proportionally small eyes. Snout moderately long and with a moderately steep profile. Caudal peduncle deep, but lower than body depth. The first dorsal fin about equal to, or shorter than the second dorsal fin, with more or less rounded distal edge. Dorsal-fin ray tips become free from membrane in reproductive males (Toricelli et al. 2000). Caudal fin rounded. Scales small, visible on body and usually also on predorsal area as pattern of pale dots. Predorsal area and nape scaled (Miller 1986). Live coloration. Body coloration gray-green to pale fawn dorsally, whitish to yellow-green ventrally (Fig. 44). Eight to fourteen irregular, vertical dark bars along the lateral midline, forming dark lateral zigzag markings in combination with a series of 10 or more dark areas alternating with pale interspaces on lower side. A diffuse, light to golden dorsolateral stripe runs from predorsal area to caudal-fin base, not always visible (Fig. 44). It is bordered ventrally by an olive-brown stripe, and dorsally by a dark vertebral stripe. In the Adriatic, these stripes can be interrupted by dark transverse saddles. One oblique dark preorbital bar, bordered ventrally by a white suborbital bar. Cheek and preopercle mottled brown-olive with white spots of various sizes and irregular shapes (Fig. 44). First dorsal fin reddish with 4 gray-blue transverse bands. Second dorsal fin with the same color but with gray-blue irregular markings not forming clearly defined bands, and with many small white dots (Renoult et al. 2022). Similar species. Gobius cobitis. Habitat. Known from 0.1–3 m depth, eurythermal and euryhyaline, on soft bottoms with marine phanerogams in estuaries and coastal lagoons (Kara & Quignard 2019). Geographic distribution. Mediterranean, Adriatic, Black Sea and Sea of Azov. Along the African coasts, confirmed records from Libya and Tunisia (Hajji et al. 2013). Remark. Often classified in its own genus Zosterisessor Whitley, 1935, but its position within the genus Gobius was confirmed by a phylogenetic analysis (Iglésias et al. 2021a)., Published as part of Kovačić, Marcelo, Renoult, Julien P., Pillon, Roberto, Svensen, Rudolf, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Engin, Semih & Louisy, Patrick, 2022, Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5144 (1) on page 61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5144.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6601561, {"references":["Pallas, P. S. (1814) Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico et adjacentibus maribus observatorum recensionem, domicilia, mores et descriptiones anatomen atque icones plurimorum. 3 Vols. [1811 - 1814]. Vol. 3. Academia Scientiarum, Petropolis [Sankt Petersburg], vii + 428 pp.","Renoult, J. P., Pillon, R., Kovacic, M. & Louisy, P. (2022) Frontiers in Fishwatching Series - Gobies of North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean: Gobius and Thorogobius. Les cahiers de la fondation Biotope. [in press]","Kara, M. H. & Quignard, J. P. (2019) Fishes in Lagoons and Estuaries in the Mediterranean. Vol. 2. Sedentary Fish. John Wiley & Son, New York, New York, 441 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / 9781119452768","Hajji, F., Ouannes-Ghorbel, A., Ghorbe, M. & Jarboui, O. (2013) Age and growth of the grass goby Zosterisessor ophiocephalus Pallas, 1811 in the Gulf of Gabes (Tunisia, Central Mediterranean). Acta Adriatica, 54, 27 - 39.","Iglesias, S. P., Vukic, J., Sellos, D. Y., Soukupova, T. & Sanda, R. (2021 a) Gobius xoriguer, a new offshore Mediterranean goby (Gobiidae), and phylogenetic relationships within the genus Gobius. Ichthyological Research, 68 (3), 445 - 449. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10228 - 020 - 00797 - 9"]}

Crystallogobius linearis (Düben, 1845) (Fig. 32)—Crystal Goby Gobius linearis Düben, 1845: 111; type locality: eastern North Atlantic Sea, Norway, Bergen. Size. Maximum known size of male 4.7 cm and of female 3.9 cm total length (Miller 1986). Morphology. DII–III in male, 0 or rudimentary in female + I,18–20; A I,20–21; P 15–16 (Miller 1986). Pedomorphic habitus. Body laterally compressed, slender compared to other gobies. Eyes lateral, interorbital wide. Mouth superior, oblique, tip of lower jaw at the horizontal level of pupil. Caudal peduncle almost as deep as body. First dorsal fin reduced or absent. If present, distant from the second fin with a broad interdorsal space. Second dorsal fin low, long-based and with subequal ray lengths. Pelvic disc complete in male, reduced or lacking in female. Caudal fin slightly emarginate. Scales absent. Live coloration. Body transparent to translucent white; a row of melanophores along anal-fin base; side of abdomen with the longitudinal row of 3–4 well defined tiny black spots; no triangular black spot at the base of caudal fin (Fig. 32). Similar species. Aphia minuta. Habitat. Nectonic, coastal to offshore in 400 m, over shell, sand, mud (Miller 1986). Geographic distribution. Northeastern Atlantic, from the Strait of Gibraltar to the coasts of Norway, as well as in the Mediterranean, from the Alboran Sea to northeastern Aegean Sea including the Adriatic Sea (Miller 1986)., Published as part of Kovačić, Marcelo, Renoult, Julien P., Pillon, Roberto, Svensen, Rudolf, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Engin, Semih & Louisy, Patrick, 2022, Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5144 (1) on page 48, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5144.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6601561, {"references":["Duben, M. W. von (1845) Norriges Hafs-Fauna. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens forhandlingar, Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademien, 1 (1844), 110 - 116."]}

Oxyurichthys petersii (Klunzinger, 1871) (Fig. 45)— Red Sea Tentacle-goby Apocryptes (Gobiichthys) petersii Klunzinger, 1871: 480; type locality: Red Sea, Egypt, Al Quseir. Size. Attains about 17 cm total length. Morphology. D VI + I,12–13; A I,12–13; P 22–23. Body elongate, the depth 5.6–6.5 in standard length. Eyes protruding, their upper part well above dorsal profile of head (Fig. 45), each topped by a short fleshy knob. A narrow dermal crest present on nape. Caudal peduncle deep, almost as deep as body. Spines of first dorsal fin elongate, each ending in a short filament. Dorsal and anal fins long-based. Pelvic fins united to form a disc. Caudal fin lanceolate, nearly twice as long as head (Fig. 45). Scales on body ctenoid posteriorly, becoming cycloid anteriorly below middle of first dorsal fin, no scales on cheek, opercle, and prepectoral area (Pezold & Larson 2015). Scales small, at best visible on body as pattern of pale dots. Live coloration. Yellowish to greenish gray dorsally, abdomen whitish, with a midlateral row 6 slightly elongate, blackish blotches, the first blotch on pectoral-fin base, the last on mid caudal peduncle at caudal-fin base (Fig. 45), sometimes alternating with 5 smaller dark spots. Head with a broad dark bar below eye, indistinctly edged with a pale blue line, followed by a row of dark blotches across operculum. Males with a series of oblique iridescent blue streaks on body, the first below origin of first dorsal fin; membranes of both dorsal fins with yellowish marks, forming longitudinal stripes, separated by short blue stripes. Similar species. Cryptocentrus steinhardti. Habitat. Inhabits silty sand or mud substrata of sheltered bays or estuaries, from the shallows to depths of 50 m; takes refuge in a burrow, but is able to dive quickly into mud if threatened when away from shelter. Geographic distribution. In the native area restricted to the Red Sea (Pezold & Larson 2015). The most common Lessepsian goby migrant in the Mediterranean, where reported from Greece at Kastellorizo Island (Apostolopoulos & Karachle 2016), Israel (Ben-Tuvia 1983; Golani 2021), Lebanon (Bariche & Fricke 2020), Syria (Ali 2018), Tunisia (Golani et al. 2002), and Turkey from Aegean Sea and Mediterranean Sea coasts (Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002; Akyol et al. 2006)., Published as part of Kovačić, Marcelo, Renoult, Julien P., Pillon, Roberto, Svensen, Rudolf, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Engin, Semih & Louisy, Patrick, 2022, Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5144 (1) on page 71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5144.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6601561, {"references":["Klunzinger, C. B. (1871) Synopsis der Fische des Rothen Meeres. II. Theil. Verh. K. - K. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch- Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 21, 441 - 688. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 14760","Pezold, F. L. & Larson, H. K. (2015) A revision of the fish genus Oxyurichthys (Gobioidei: Gobiidae) with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa, 3988 (1), 1 - 95. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3988.1.1","Apostolopoulos, G. & Karachle, P. K. (2016) New records of two fishes in Hellenic Waters (Kastellorizo Island): Scarus ghobban (Forsskal, 1775) and Oxyurichthys petersi (Klunzinger, 1871). In: Karachle, P. K., Angelidis, A., Apostolopoulos, G., Ayas, D., Ballesteros, M., Bonnici, C., Brodersen, M. M., Castriota, L., Chalari, N., Cottalorda, J. M., Crocetta, F., Deidun, A., Dodo, Z., Dogrammatzi, A., Dulcic, J., Fiorentino, F., Gonulal, O., Harmelin, J. G., Insacco, G., Izquierdo-Gomez, D., Izquierdo-Munoz, A., Joksimovic, A., Kavadas, S., Malaquias, M. E., Madrenas, E., Massi, D., Micarelli, P., Minchin, D., Onal, U., Ovalis, P., Poursanidis, D., Siapatis, A., Sperone, E., Spinelli, A., Stamouli, C., Tiralongo, F., Tuncer, S., Yaglioglu, D., Zava, B. & Zenetos, A., New Mediterranean Biodiversity Records (July 2019). Mediterranean Marine Science, 17 (1), pp. 230 - 252. https: // doi. org / 10.12681 / mms. 1684","Ben-Tuvia, A. (1983) An Indo-Pacific goby Oxyurichthys papuensis (Valenciennes, 1837) in the eastern Mediterranean. Israel Journal of Zoology, 20, 1 - 39.","Golani, D. (2021) An updated checklist of the Mediterranean fishes of Israel, with illustrations of recently recorded species and delineation of Lessepsian migrants. Zootaxa, 4956 (1), 1 - 108. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4956.1.1","Bariche, M. & Fricke, R. (2020) The marine ichthyofauna of Lebanon: an annotated checklist, history, biogeography, and conservation status. Zootaxa, 4775 (1), 1 - 157. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4775.1.1","Ali, M. (2018) An updated Checklist of Marine fishes from Syria with an emphasis on alien species. Mediterranean Marine Science, 19 (2), 388 - 393. https: // doi. org / 10.12681 / mms. 15850","Golani, D., Orsi-Relini, L., Massuti, E. & Quignard, J. P. (2002) CIESM Atlas of exotic species in the Mediterranean. Vol. 1. Fishes. CIESM Publisher, Monaco, 256 pp.","Akyol, O., Unal, V. & Ceyhan, T. (2006) Occurrence of two Lessepsian migrant fish, Oxyurichthys petersi (Goniidae) and Upeneus pori (Mullidae), from the Aegean Sea. Cybium, 30 (4), 389 - 390. https: // doi. org / 10.26028 / cybium / 2006 - 304 - 016"]}

Gobius couchi Miller & El-Tawil, 1974 (Fig. 43)—Couch’s Goby Gobius couchi Miller & El-Tawil, 1974: 546, type locality: England, English Channel, Cornwall, Helford. Size. Known adult size about 7–9 cm total length. Morphology. D V–VI + I,12–14; A I,11–13; P 15–18. Relatively small goby. Snout short and with a steep profile. Caudal peduncle deep, but lower than body depth. Dorsal fins of similar height; first dorsal fin with a relatively rounded shape, the dorsal spines often slightly prolonged (membranes slightly incised between the spines); in breeding males, both dorsal fins have prolonged free tips on spines and rays, and deeply incised interradial membranes (Fig. 42). Caudal fin rounded. Scales present on body and on predorsal area, usually visible on photographs, at least on body (Renoult et al. 2022). Live coloration. Body gray, light brown or olive with mottled or reticulated pattern (Fig. 43). Lateral midline is always darker, formed by a longitudinal series of small black spots. One black spot on the corner of the mouth, usually followed by 2 more or less rectangular dark spots on lower cheek (Fig. 42). Similar species. Gobius niger. Habitat. Infralittoral species, known from 1–20 m depth on soft bottoms with algae or marine plants and shelters such as rocks and holes. In the Mediterranean, it is generally found in sheltered bays, often associated with Cymodocea nodosa (Pillon et al. 2016 b, 2019; Patzner 2021). Geographic distribution. Atlantic, Mediterranean and Black Sea. In the Atlantic, known from Ireland, the south of Great Britain and northern Brittany, France (Miller & El-Tawil 1974; Baldock & Kay 2012; Iglésias et al. 2020). In the Mediterranean Sea, recorded from Cadaquès, Spain (Renoult et al. 2021a), Port-Vendres and Saint-Mandrier, France (Louisy 2005; Iglésias et al. 2021b), Liguria, Italy (Liu et al. 2009a), Ischia Island, Italy (Stefanni & Mazzoldi 1999), Malta (Kovačić et al. 2013), Croatia (Kovačić 2001; Kovačić et al. 2012b), Corfu Island, Greece (Šanda & Kovačić 2009), Crete (Kovačić et al. 2011), Cyprus (Kovačić & Golani 2007a) and southern part of the Dardanelles Strait, Turkey (Özen et al. 2009). In the Black Sea, from Crimea (Karpova & Boltachev 2018).

Gobius fallax Sarato, 1889 (Fig. 39)—Sarato’s Goby Gobius fallax Sarato, 1889: 506, type locality: northwestern Mediterranean Sea, France, Nice. Size. Known adult size about 9 cm total length. Morphology. D VI + I,14–16; A I,13–15; P 18. Medium-sized goby with moderately elongate body, large head, snout moderately steep and shorter than eye diameter. Body often held slightly arched. Caudal peduncle deep, but lower than body depth. Dorsal fins of similar height, first dorsal fin may be slightly higher, with more or less rounded margin and no elongate spines. Caudal fin rounded. Scales present on body and on predorsal area, usually visible on photographs on body. Live coloration. Body light gray or whitish, usually with blue or yellow reflections on the back (Fig. 39). Yellow hues sometimes more visible on the head. Head and body covered with longitudinal lines of well-defined brown or dark brown dots, those along midline slightly paler (Fig. 39). Dots are broadest along the lateral midline but always remain separated. The eyes have brown stripes radiating from the pupil to the orbital rim, 2 of them forming a broad horizontal stripe across the pupil. Dark curved mark on the upper iris on the eye connects longitudinally other marks (Fig. 39b). Lower lip with a median W-shaped mark. A well-defined dark dot on posterior angle of mouth (Fig. 39b). Upper lip with brown marks in addition to the dot on the corner of the mouth (Fig. 39b). Snout with M-shaped line and an oblique preorbital bar (Herler et al. 2005; Renoult et al. 2022). Similar species. Gobius bucchichi, G. incognitus, G. xanthocephalus, G. auratus morph 2. Habitat. Infralittoral species, known from 1–32 m depth on mixed sandy-rocky habitats, rock crevices or stones nearby soft bottom, sometimes covered with seagrass (Herler & Patzner 2005; Louisy 2015). Geographic distribution. Mediterranean. Recorded from many places from the Balearic Islands to Turkey (Fricke et al. 2007), including Croatia (Kovačić & Patzner 2011), Crete (Kovačić et al. 2011), Cyprus (Kovačić & Golani 2007a) and Libya (Al-Hassan & El-Silini 1999). Also recorded in Gran Canaria, Atlantic (Dooley et al. 1985), but this needs to be confirmed because of taxonomic progress on the Gobius auratus complex since this record., Published as part of Kovačić, Marcelo, Renoult, Julien P., Pillon, Roberto, Svensen, Rudolf, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Engin, Semih & Louisy, Patrick, 2022, Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5144 (1) on page 56, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5144.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6601561, {"references":["Sarato, C. (1889). Causerie scientifique. Gobius fallax. Gazette de Nice et des Alpes Maritimes, 16, 3.","Renoult, J. P., Pillon, R., Kovacic, M. & Louisy, P. (2022) Frontiers in Fishwatching Series - Gobies of North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean: Gobius and Thorogobius. Les cahiers de la fondation Biotope. [in press]","Louisy, P. (2015) Europe and Mediterranean Marine Fish Identification Guide. 3 rd Edition. Eugen Ulmer Ed., Paris, 512 pp.","Fricke, R., Bilecenog ˘ lu, M. & Musa Sari, H. (2007) Annotated checklist of fish and lamprey species (Gnathostomata and Petromyzontomorphi) of Turkey, including a Red List of threatened and declining species. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, Serie A (Biologie), 706, 1 - 169.","Kovacic, M. & Patzner, R. A. (2011) North-Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Gobies. In: Patzner, R. A., Van Tassell, J. L., Kovacic, M. & Kapoor, B. G. (Eds.), The Biology of Gobies. Science Publishers, Jersey, British Isles, pp. 177 - 206. https: // doi. org / 10.1201 / b 11397","Kovacic, M. & Golani, D. (2007 a) First record of three gobiid species in the Levant. Cybium, 31 (1), 89 - 91. https: // doi. org / 10.26028 / cybium / 2007 - 311 - 013","Al-Hassan, L. A. J. & El-Silini, O. A (1999) Check-list of bony fishes collected from the Mediterranean coast of Benghazi, Libya. Revista de Biologia Marina y Oceanografia, 34, 291 - 301.","Dooley, J. K., Van Tassell, J. V. & Brito A. (1985) An annotated check-list of the fishes of the Canary Islands. American Museum Novitates, 2824, 1 - 49."]}

Gobius xanthocephalus Heymer & Zander, 1992 (Fig. 38)—Yellow-headed Goby Gobius xanthocephalus Heymer & Zander, 1992: 305, type locality: western Mediterranean Sea, France, Banyuls-sur-Mer, Ile Grosse. Size. Known adult size about 9 cm total length. Morphology. D VI + I,13–16; A I,13–15; P 18–20. Medium-sized goby with moderately elongate body, large head, and a short, slightly acute and oblique snout. Caudal peduncle deep, but lower than body. Dorsal fins of similar height, the first dorsal fin may be slightly higher in appearance, with more or less rounded distal edge and no elongate spines. Caudal fin rounded. Scales present on body and on predorsal area, usually visible on photographs at least on body. Live coloration. Head yellowish, more intensely on the snout and in the interorbital space, contrasting with a light gray or whitish body (Fig. 38). Head and body covered with longitudinal lines of well-defined orange to dark red dots. Eyes with brown stripes radiating from the pupil over iris to the orbital rim, 2 of them constituting a broad horizontal stripe across the pupil; the upper eye radial stripes are connected by an irregular longitudinal curved line (Fig. 38b). Upper lip with orange markings. Lower lip with a median W-shaped mark. Snout with Mshaped line and an oblique preorbital bar (Fig. 38b). One isolated brown to dark red dot at the corner of the mouth, followed by 2 short horizontal dashes (Fig. 33e). Similar species. Gobius auratus morph 2, G. fallax. Habitat. Infralittoral species, known from 1–36 m depth (Heymer & Zander 1992; Wirtz & Herrera 1995) on hard (e.g., bedrock, coralligenous) or mixed bottoms (e.g., sandy patches with pebbles, boulders, and seagrass). Geographic distribution. Northeastern Atlantic, Mediterranean and Black Sea. In the Mediterranean, recorded in the northwestern Mediterranean (Miller 1986), including the Balearic Island of Ibiza (Fisher et al. 2007) and Corsica (Francour et al. 2010). Isolated populations confirmed in Crimea (Boltachev et al. 2009) and in the eastern part of the Black Sea (Vasil’eva & Bogorodsky 2004). In the Atlantic Ocean: from Galicia, Northern Spain (Villegas-Riìos & BanÞoìn 2010) to the Canary Islands (Wirtz & Herrera 1995)., Published as part of Kovačić, Marcelo, Renoult, Julien P., Pillon, Roberto, Svensen, Rudolf, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Engin, Semih & Louisy, Patrick, 2022, Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5144 (1) on page 65, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5144.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6601561, {"references":["Heymer, A. & Zander, C. D. (1992) Le statut de Gobius auratus Risso, 1810 et description de Gobius xanthocephalus n. sp. de la Mediterranee (Teleostei, Gobiidae). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, 119, 291 - 314.","Wirtz, P. & Herrera, R. (1995) The lobster Enoplometopus antillensis (Decapoda: Enoplometopidae) and the goby Gobius xanthocephalus (Pisces: Gobiidae) - new records for the marine fauna of the Canary Islands. Arquipelago, Life and Marine Sciences, 13 A, 115 - 118.","Francour, P., Bodilis, P., Cottalorda, J. M. & Seytre, C. (2010) Inventaire des Gobiidae dans la Reiserve Naturelle de Scandola (Corse) et aI proximitei de ses limites. Contrat Parc Naturel Reigional de la Corse. Universitei de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, ECOMERS publ., Nice, 1 - 54.","Boltachev, A. R., Karpova, E. P. & Danilyuk, O. N. (2009) Findings of new and rare fish species in the coastal zone of the Crimea (the Black Sea). Journal of Ichthyology, 49 (4), 277 - 291. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0032945209040018","Vasil'eva, E. D. & Bogorodsky, S. V. (2004) Two new species of gobies (Gobiidae) in the ichthyofauna of the Black Sea. Journal of Ichthyology, 44, 599 - 606.","Villegas-Riios, D. & BanToin, R. (2010) First record and new meristic data of Gobius xanthocephalus (Gobiidae) from Galician waters (NW Spain). Cybium, 34 (3), 311 - 314. https: // doi. org / 10.26028 / cybium / 2010 - 343 - 010"]}

Gobius cruentatus Gmelin, 1789 (Fig. 15)—Red-mouthed Goby Gobius cruentatus Gmelin, 1789: 30, type locality: western Mediterranean Sea, France, Marseilles. Size. Known adult size about 13–15 cm total length. Morphology. D VI + I,14; A I,12–13; P 20–21. Large goby with stout body, moderately long snout with moderately steep profile, thick lips. Caudal peduncle deep, but lower than body depth. First dorsal fin higher than the second dorsal fin; first dorsal fin spines decreasing posteriorly, shaping a curved margin. Caudal fin rounded. Predorsal area and nape scaled. Scales small, visible on body and predorsal area as dense pattern. Live coloration. Body mostly mottled brown, with large darker, squarish midlateral blotches, each one preceded and followed by a white patch (Fig. 15). Back with 4 broad dark transverse bands, the second and fourth the darkest, separated by thin white saddles (Fig. 15). Lips mostly vermilion, with a white bar below eye, at angle of mouth (Fig. 15) (red color usually not detectable under natural light only). Membranes of both dorsal fins are highly variegated, mixing irregular patches of red, dark brown and white coloration. Rows of head sensory papillae well-visible and bicolored black and white. Similar species. No similar species in the Mediterranean. However, with no artificial light, may be confused with Gobius paganellus or G. niger. Habitat. Infralittoral species, known from 1–40 m depth on inshore rocky habitats, sand with stones and boulders, and in seagrass meadows (Miller 1986; Louisy 2015; Patzner 2021). Geographic distribution. Northeastern Atlantic, Mediterranean and Black Sea (Engin et al. 2007; Vasil’eva 2007). In the Atlantic, occurs from the counties of Cork and Kerry in Ireland to Western Sahara (Miller 1986). In the Mediterranean, all along the northern coast, and along the southern coast in Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia (Miller 1986), as well as in Benghazi in Libya (Al-Hassan & El-Silini 1999)., Published as part of Kovačić, Marcelo, Renoult, Julien P., Pillon, Roberto, Svensen, Rudolf, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Engin, Semih & Louisy, Patrick, 2022, Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5144 (1) on page 55, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5144.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6601561, {"references":["Gmelin, J. F. (1789) Pisces. In: Caroli a Linne. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species; cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decimo tertia, aucta, reformata. 3 Vols. in 9 parts. apud J. B. Delamolliere, Lugduni, pp. 1126 - 1516.","Louisy, P. (2015) Europe and Mediterranean Marine Fish Identification Guide. 3 rd Edition. Eugen Ulmer Ed., Paris, 512 pp.","Patzner, R. A. (2021) Gobiidae. Available from: http: // www. patzner. sbg. ac. at / Gobiidae / GobiidaeSpecies. htm (accessed 1 October 2021)","Engin, S., Turan, D. & Kovacic, M. (2007) First record of the red-mouthed goby, Gobius cruentatus (Gobiidae), in the Black Sea. Cybium, 31, 87 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.26028 / cybium / 2007 - 311 - 012","Vasil'eva, E. D. (2007) Fish of the Black Sea. Key to marine, brackish-water, euryhaline, and anadromous species with color illustrations, collected by S. V. Bogorodsky. VNIRO Publishing, Moscow, 237 pp. [in Russian, with English abstract]","Al-Hassan, L. A. J. & El-Silini, O. A (1999) Check-list of bony fishes collected from the Mediterranean coast of Benghazi, Libya. Revista de Biologia Marina y Oceanografia, 34, 291 - 301."]}

Gobius niger Linnaeus, 1758 (Fig. 56)—Black Goby Gobius niger Linnaeus, 1758: 262; no type locality. Size. Known adult size about 15–18 cm total length. Morphology. D V–VII + I,11–13; A I,10–13; P 15–20. Large goby with a relatively stocky body, proportionately large head with a short and steep snout. Caudal peduncle deep, almost as deep as body. The first dorsal fin higher or about equal to the second, mature males with long and pointed fin with elongated spines (third and fourth spines longest). Pectoral-fin free rays moderately developed. Caudal fin rounded. Rows of sensory papillae well developed and clearly visible on the nape. Scales present on body and on predorsal area, usually visible in photographs at least on body (Miller 1986). Live coloration. Body ground coloration variable, usually light cream or gray, sometimes greenish (Fig. 56a & 56b), to black in nesting males (Fig. 56c). In light-colored individuals, the body has dark mottling on the back, 5 or 6 black midlateral blotches and becomes white ventrally with few scattered black dots. Head with a white preorbital bar and a black suborbital bar, lips mottled dark gray or brown. Oculoscapular line limited to three inconspicuous black or brown dashes. Membrane of first dorsal fin light blue-green, or light gray, or light reddish (blackish in nesting males) in the distal half, reddish with 3 irregular white horizontal bands in the proximal half. One black blotch often visible distally on the first membrane of each dorsal fin or just on the first dorsal fin (Fig. 56a); rarely a black spot is visible at the lower posterior corner of the first dorsal fin. Sensory papillae black and well visible on the nape (Renoult et al. 2022). Similar species. Gobius roulei, G. couchi. Habitat. Infralittoral and circalittoral species known from 1–96 m depth, mostly on sheltered or muddy soft bottoms and coastal lagoons (Miller 1986; Patzner 2021). Geographic distribution. Northeastern Atlantic, from the Baltic Sea to Canary Islands and in the whole Mediterranean (Miller 1986), the Black Sea (Tserkova et al. 2016) and the Sea of Azov (Miller 1986)., Published as part of Kovačić, Marcelo, Renoult, Julien P., Pillon, Roberto, Svensen, Rudolf, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Engin, Semih & Louisy, Patrick, 2022, Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5144 (1) on pages 59-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5144.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6601561, {"references":["Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, ii + 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542","Renoult, J. P., Pillon, R., Kovacic, M. & Louisy, P. (2022) Frontiers in Fishwatching Series - Gobies of North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean: Gobius and Thorogobius. Les cahiers de la fondation Biotope. [in press]","Patzner, R. A. (2021) Gobiidae. Available from: http: // www. patzner. sbg. ac. at / Gobiidae / GobiidaeSpecies. htm (accessed 1 October 2021)","Tserkova, F., Klisarova, D. & Denev, I. (2016) Molecular taxonomy study of representatives of the genus Gobius inhabiting coastal waters of Black Sea region. Journal of BioScience and Biotechnology, 5 (3), 241 - 246."]}

Key for the identification of Mediterranean marine gobies from photographs of live individuals 1a One dorsal fin; dorsal and anal fins confluent with caudal fin (Fig. 1).................................................................................................... Trypauchen vagina (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) 1b Two dorsal fins: if first dorsal fin reduced, then second dorsal fin and anal fin clearly separated from caudal fin....... 2 2a (1) Head and predorsal area completely covered with oval to rounded, clearly defined, dark to orange or yellow-orange spots or blotches (Fig. 2)................................................................................. 3 2b (1) Head and predorsal area without oval to rounded, clearly defined, dark or orange spots........................... 6 3a (2) Side of head with blue-edged dark reddish spots; dorsal half of body with 2 large green-edged black ocellated spots (Fig. 3)...................................................... Cryptocentrus caeruleopunctatus (Rüppell, 1830) 3b (2) No pale to bluish edge around head spots; no ocellated spots on body......................................... 4 4a (3) Head shorter than caudal fin; body slender; body with a mix of yellow and dark brown markings, first dorsal fin with yellow spots (Fig. 4).................................................... Vanderhorstia mertensi Klausewitz, 1974 4b (3) Head longer than caudal fin; body moderately deep; body with either orange or dark brown markings, first dorsal fin with orange or dark brown longitudinal bands............................................................... 5 5a (4) Body pale bluish gray, with pattern of large black, brown-purple or orange-brown blotches and spots (Fig. 5)........................................................................... Thorogobius ephippiatus (Lowe, 1839) 5b (4) Body pale, with orange to yellow-orange spots (Fig. 6).............. Thorogobius macrolepis (Kolombatović, 1891) 6a (2) Head and body are completely dark brown to purplish, with definite white markings, including 3–6 blotches at least as large as eye diameter on dorsal half of body, a white transverse band in predorsal area, and dorsal and caudal fins with a broad white outer edge (Fig. 7)................................................ Didogobius schlieweni Miller, 1993 6b (2) Head and body are not completely dark brown to purplish or if it is, then without conspicuous white blotches......... 7 7a (6) A well delineated dark area on body between second dorsal-fin base and anal-fin base, contrasting with a plain pale caudal peduncle (Fig. 8)....................................................... Lebetus guilleti (Le Danois, 1913) 7b (6) Color pattern without a dark area below second dorsal fin contrasting with pale caudal peduncle................... 8 8a (7) Two continuous or interrupted dark brown stripes on body, sometimes not well defined, the upper stripe running from above eyes along back and ending at upper caudal-fin base, the lower stripe running from snout tip through eyes along mid-body to caudal fin (Fig. 9)................................................ Tridentiger trigonocephalus (Gill, 1859) 8b (7) Color pattern with no or with a single longitudinal dark stripe............................................... 9 9a (8) Head and body pale to white, with one broad longitudinal dark stripe beginning from the upper lip, continuing over eye and above body midline, to caudal-fin base (Fig. 10).............................. Gobius vittatus Vinciguerra, 1883 9b (8) Color pattern without longitudinal dark stripe along body side, or if dark stripe is present, then body with other dark markings........................................................................................ 10 10a (9) Head and body red with irregular white markings, first dorsal fin entirely dark (Fig. 11)............................................................................... Lebetus patzneri Schliewen, Kovačić & Ordines, 2019 10b (9) Head and body coloration not red, or if the primary pattern is reddish, then the first dorsal fin is not entirely dark (although it can display a dark spot or blotch)................................................................... 11 11a (10) Body red with 5 whitish saddles on back, the first anterior at the origin of the first dorsal fin, the last on caudal peduncle just before caudal fin; 5–6 barely-defined white to yellowish blotches along ventral profile; in males, caudal fin and sometimes posterior body yellow, and dorsal fins yellowish with at least one oblique pink to light purple stripe on each fin (Fig. 12).......................................................... Speleogobius trigloides Zander & Jelinek, 1976 11b (10) Head and body not red or if the primary pattern is reddish, then dorsal and ventral whitish marks are either absent or there are more than 5 dorsal and 6 ventral whitish marks...................................................... 12 12a (11) Body brown to reddish or beige, head reddish; 3 dark bars on dorsal half of body alternating with 4 pale areas (Fig. 13), bars linked with 4 dark blotches on lower side, one more midlateral blotch on caudal peduncle (Fig. 13)............................................................... Speleogobius llorisi Kovačić, Ordines & Schliewen, 2016 12b (11) Head and body not red or brown-red, or if primary pattern is reddish, then there are more than 3 dark bars on dorsal half, alternating with more than 4 pale areas, and without 4 dark blotches on lower side............................. 13 13a (12) Body mostly dark brown with 3 narrow pale bars extending onto ventral half of body (the first just before first dorsal fin and extending onto pectoral-fin base), plus a very thin one on caudal-fin base (Fig. 14)...................................................................................... Didogobius splechtnai Ahnelt & Patzner, 1995 13b (12) Body not mostly dark brown or, if mostly dark brown, then without well-defined transverse pattern of 3 pale bars extending onto ventral half of body........................................................................... 14 14a (13) Body mostly mottled brown with midlateral row of broad rectangular ill-defined dark blotches; thin whitish saddles on back (three below second dorsal fin); side of lips vermillion with prominent white bar on lips at angle of mouth (red color usually not detectable under natural light) (Fig. 15)................................... Gobius cruentatus Gmelin, 1789 14b (13) Head and body usually without mottled brown pattern and midlateral brown blotches, if mottled brown pattern present, then lips not orange or red.............................................................................. 15 15a (14) Head and body pale to grayish background often with a bluish hue, 3–4 slightly oblique yellow to yellow-orange stripes on side of head, and one slanting yellow stripe above them behind eye (Fig. 16)........................................................................................................ Lesueurigobius suerii (Risso, 1810) 15b (14) Head without oblique yellow to yellow-orange stripes.................................................... 16 16a (15) Body with two longitudinal rows of brownish spots (often with yellow to orange hue), one row along back and another along lateral midline; second dorsal fin with a yellow to orange outer margin and whitish to blue submarginal band; both dorsal fins and upper half of caudal fin with yellow to orange spots (Fig. 17)...... Lesueurigobius friesii (Malm, 1874) 16b (15) Body without longitudinal rows of gray-brown or orange-brown spots, or if such rows are present, then second dorsal fin without a combination of yellow margin and whitish to blue submarginal band................................ 17 17a (16) Head and body with irregular orange blotches arranged in longitudinal series; two horizontal irregular orange stripes on head, one behind eye, the other from below eye to upper pectoral-fin base; V-shaped orange stripe across snout; first dorsal fin with blackish oval blotch between third and fifth spines (sometimes faint) (Fig. 18)....................................................................................... Gobius kolombatovici Kovačić & Miller, 2000 17b (16) Head and body without orange blotches, or if orange blotches present, then no orange V-shaped line on snout, or if V-shaped line is present, then no horizontal stripe present behind eye; dark blotch on first dorsal fin absent, or if present blotch is elongate and extends along fin base, usually from first to fifth spine......................................... 18 18a (17) Head and body grayish with pale orange, reddish, rarely with pinkish blotches and speckles, or indistinct bars of these colors on paler background; a series of short pearly white bars arranged in 3-5 pairs along lower body; anterior nostrils contrastingly white (Fig. 19)......................................... Vanneaugobius dollfusi Brownell, 1978 18b (17) No pure orange markings, although overall color can be brown-orange, reddish or with traces of orange pigmentation.................................................................................................. 19 19a (18) Body with pattern of transverse narrow pale bars on reddish to brownish background; 3 pale, uninterrupted bars radiating downwards from eye to ventral part of head, two bars below eye and one behind (Figs. 20–22).................... 20 19b (18) Body and head usually without transverse bars, or if pattern is transverse, then less than three complete pale bars radiating downwards from eye to the ventral part of head......................................................... 21 20a (19) Body reddish to orangish brown with 10–15 narrow bluish bars (Fig. 21)............................................................................................. Corcyrogobius liechtensteini (Kolombatović, 1891) 20b (19) Body brownish with 6–7 narrow pale bars (Fig. 22)............................ Gammogobius steinitzi Bath, 1971 21a (19) Head clearly depressed (distinctly dorsoventrally flattened) (Figs. 23, 24 and 25)............................... 22 21b (19) Head not clearly depressed (not distinctly dorsoventrally flattened).......................................... 23 22a (21) Body fawn to blackish with a broad pale to white predorsal bar extending ventrally on pectoral-fin base; no pale saddle at origin of first dorsal fin; prominent to indistinct white saddle at origin of second dorsal fin, sometimes another short saddle below posterior part of second dorsal fin; cheeks pigmented, densely dotted or with reticulate pattern (Fig. 24)................................................................ Chromogobius quadrivittatus (Steindachner, 1863) 22b (21) Broad, often faint pale bar on predorsal area, extending ventrally on pectoral-fin base; 5 or 6, often faint, pale saddles of same intensity, extending or not as lateral bars, the first at origin of first dorsal fin, the last just behind second dorsal fin; cheeks pale with two dark oblique bands radiating downwards from eye in the shape of an inverted V or a triangular mark (Fig. 25).................................................... Chromogobius zebratus (Kolombatović, 1891) 23a (21) Body pattern of pale transverse bars on reddish, brownish or greenish background, sometimes reduced to pale dorsal saddles, side of body then more or less uniform or mottled reddish, brownish or greenish (Figs. 26–29)............. 24 23b (21) No transverse bars on the body; if patterned with pale dorsal saddles, then pigmentation on body side not uniform or mottled......................................................................................... 26 24a (23) Head and body prevailing reddish or orangish with pale bars (Fig. 26a), or with a series of short white saddles along back and side of body more or less uniform (Fig. 26b); no midlateral row of small black spots; whitish spot at the upper edge of opercle.................................................. Odondebuenia balearica (Pellegrin & Fage, 1907) 24b (23) Head and body not reddish or orangish, usually with brownish or greenish background; 6−11 pale bars on body (Figs. 27a, 28a and 29a) or series of short white saddles along back, side of body being then more or less mottled, with midlateral row of small black spots (Figs. 27b, 28b and 29b); often a pale, crescent-shaped, transverse band across anterior nape behind eyes, reaching to pectoral-fin base (band may be absent); no whitish spot at the upper edge of opercle.............. 25 25a (24) When visible, a broad pale crescent-shaped band across anterior nape behind eyes extends onto rear part of eyes; anterior nostril tube without tentacle (Fig. 27)........................ Millerigobius macrocephalus (Kolombatović, 1891) 25b (24) When visible, a broad pale crescent-shaped band across anterior nape behind eyes does not extend onto eyes; anterior nostril with a tentacle (Figs. 28 and 29)............................................................................................ Genus Zebrus: Z. zebrus (Risso, 1827) or Z. pallaoroi Kovačić, Šanda & Vukić, 2021 26a (23) Body translucent or semitranslucent and skin surface poorly pigmented, prominent melanophores form a series along lower body or as caudal-fin mark; other pigments, if present, internal, on vertebrae and organs; fins translucent (Figs. 30, 31 and 32)............................................................................................ 27 26b (23) Body not translucent or only partially translucent and skin with more prominent pigmentation than just a series of melanophores along lower body or a caudal-fin mark; at least some pigment on fins............................ 29 27a (26) Body semitranslucent with 4 elongate black markings along vertebral column and large, conspicuous, triangular black spot at base of caudal fin (Fig. 30)..................................... Pseudaphya ferreri (de Buen & Fage, 1908) 27b (26) Body translucent with row of melanophores along anal-fin base, no triangular black spot at base of caudal fin, no black markings along vertebral column..................................................................... 28 28a (27) Second dorsal fin of moderate length, with I +11–13 rays; side of abdomen with no well defined black spots (Fig. 31).............................................................................. Aphia minuta (Risso, 1810) 28b (27) Second dorsal fin long, with I +18–20 rays; side of abdomen with longitudinal row of 3–4 well-defined tiny black spots (Fig. 32).............................................................. Crystallogobius linearis (Düben, 1845) 29a (26) Body with longitudinal rows or series of dots or small dashes (Figs. 33–39)................................... 30 29b (26) Body without longitudinal rows of dots or small dashes................................................... 35 30a (29) No defined dark dot at posterior angle of mouth (Figs. 33a and 33b)......................................... 31 30b (29) A well-defined dark dot at posterior angle of mouth (Fig. 33c, 33d, 33e and 33f)............................... 32 31a (30) Two longitudinal rows of elongate spots on cheek, one longitudinal mideye stripe (Fig. 34).......................................................................................... Gobius bucchichi Steindachner, 1870 31b (30) No rows of elongate spots on cheek and no longitudinal eye stripe (Fig. 35).............................................................................................. Hazeus ingressus Engin, Larson & Erhan, 2018 32a (30) Ground coloration of body yellow, upper lip unmarked except dot at corner of mouth (Figs. 33c and 36)................................................................................. Gobius auratus Risso, 1810 morph 2 32b (30) Ground coloration of body not yellow, or if body coloration yellow then upper lip with at least one brown or orange mark in addition to dot on corner of mouth (Figs. 37b, 38b and 39b)............................................. 33 33a (32) On eye, upper iris with separate brown dots or radiating stripes, without longitudinal curved mark (Fig. 37b)........................................................................ Gobius incognitus Kovačić & Šanda, 2016 33b (32) On eye, a dark curved mark on upper iris connects longitudinally other marks (Figs. 38b and 39b)................. 34 34a (33) Dark red to light orange dots or tiny spots on body (Fig. 38)........ Gobius xanthocephalus Heymer & Zander, 1992 34b (33) Brown and dark brown dots on body (Fig. 39)...................................... Gobius fallax Sarato, 1889 35a (29) Head and body uniformly yellow (Fig. 40)................................. Gobius auratus Risso, 1810 morph 1 35b (29) Head and body with irregularly scattered dots, midlateral dark marks, mottled brown pattern or any combination of these characters....................................................................................... 36 36a (35) 4–5 well-defined, usually dark-edged, pale dorsal saddles, each terminating with midlateral dark blotch; ventral half of body contrasting white with 10–12 short and narrow brownish bars (Fig. 41)............... Buenia affinis Iljin, 1930 36b (35) No pale dorsal saddles or, if such saddles or blotches present, no short narrow brownish bars on white lower side of body............................................................................................... 37 37a (36) One black spot on the corner of the mouth, usually followed by two elongate dark spots on ventral part of cheek (Figs. 42 and 43).......................................................... Gobius couchi Miller & El-Tawil, 1974 37b (36) No black spot at corner of mouth..................................................................... 38 38a (37) Body with irregular, zigzag vertical dark bars, 8 or more along lateral midline, sometimes coalescing in upper lateral str, Published as part of Kovačić, Marcelo, Renoult, Julien P., Pillon, Roberto, Svensen, Rudolf, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Engin, Semih & Louisy, Patrick, 2022, Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5144 (1) on pages 10-13, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5144.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6601561, {"references":["Bloch, M. E. & Schneider, J. G. (1801) M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae Iconibus cx Ilustratum. Post obitum auctoris opus inchoatum absolvit, correxit, interpolavit Jo. Gottlob Schneider, Saxo. Sumtibus Auctoris Impressum et Bibliopolio Sanderiano Commissum, Berolini, ix + 584 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5750","Klausewitz, W. (1974) Fische aus dem Roten Meer. 14. Eilatia latruncularia n. gen. n. sp. und Vanderhorstia mertensi n. sp. vom Golf von Aqaba (Pisces: Gobiidae: Gobiinae). Senckenbergiana Biologica, 55 (4 / 6), 205 - 212.","Lowe, R. T. (1839) A supplement to a synopsis of the fishes of Madeira. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 7, 76 - 92.","Kolombatovic, G. (1891) Glamoci (Gobii) Spljetskog Pomorskog Okruzja Dalmaciji (In Croatian and Italian). Godisnje Izviesce C. K. Velike Realke u Splitu za Skolsku Godinu, Split, 1890 - 1891, 3 - 29.","Miller, P. J. (1993) A new species of Didogobius (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from the Adriatic Sea. Journal of Natural History, 26, 1413 - 1419. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939200770791","Le Danois, E. (1913) Contribution a l'etude systematique et biologique des poissons de la Manche Occidentale. Annales de l'Institut Oceanographique Monaco, 5 (5), 1 - 214.","Gill, T. N. (1859) Prodromus descriptionis familiae Gobioidarum duorum generum novorum. Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York, 7 (1 - 3, art. 4), 16 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1749 - 6632.1862. tb 00135. x","Vinciguerra, D. (1883) Risultati ittiologici delle crociere del Violante. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova`Giacomo Doria', 18, 465 - 590, pls. 1 - 3.","Schliewen, U. K., Kovacic, M., Gerwenka, A. F., Svensen, R. & Ordines, F. (2019) Lebetus patzneri (Teleostei: Gobiidae), a new goby species from the Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean, with first records of Lebetus guilleti (Le Danois, 1913) from this area and Norway, and with notes on its biology. Zootaxa, 4706 (2), 231 - 254. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4706.2.2","Zander, C. D. & Jelinek, H. (1976) Zur demersen Fischfauna im Bereich der Grotte von Banjole (Rovinj / YU) mit Beschreibung von Speleogobius trigloides n. gen. n. sp. (Gobiidae, Perciformes). Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 73, 265 - 280.","Kovacic, M., Ordines, F. & Schliewen, U. K. (2016) A new species of Speleogobius (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from the western Mediterraenean Sea. Zootaxa, 4066 (3), 301 - 310. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4066.3.6","Ahnelt, H. & Patzner, R. A. (1995) A new species of Didogobius (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from the western Mediterranean. Cybium, 19, 95 - 102.","Gmelin, J. F. (1789) Pisces. In: Caroli a Linne. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species; cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decimo tertia, aucta, reformata. 3 Vols. in 9 parts. apud J. B. Delamolliere, Lugduni, pp. 1126 - 1516.","Risso, A. (1810) Ichtyologie de Nice, ou histoire naturelle des poissons du departement des Alpes Maritimes. F. Schoell, Paris, xxxvi + 388 pp. [reprint, 1966, Asher, Amsterdam] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 7052","Malm, A. W. (1874) Om de Svenske gobiider. Forhandlingar vid de Skandinaviske Naturforskarnes, 11, 380 - 386.","Kovacic, M. & Miller, P. J. (2000) A new species of Gobius (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from the northern Adriatic Sea. Cybium, 24 (3), 231 - 239.","Brownell, C. L. (1978) Vanneaugobius dollfusi, a new genus and species of small gobiid with divided ventrals from Morocco (Pisces, Gobioidei). Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 43 (2), 135 - 145. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359197809520233","Bath, H. (1971) Gammogobius steinitzi n. gen. n. sp. aus dem westlichen Mittelmeer. Senckenbergiana Biologica, 52, 201 - 210.","Steindachner, F. (1863) Ueber eine neue Gobius - Art aus dem Adriatischen Meere. Archivio per la Zoologia, l'Anatomia e la Fisiologia, 2, 341 - 342.","Pellegrin, J. & Fage, L. (1907) Description d'un Eleotris Mediterraneen nouveau. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 32, 11 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 10487","Risso, A. (1827) Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe meridionale, et particulierement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes maritimes. Vol. 3. F. G. Levrault, Paris and Strasbourg, xvi + 480 pp., 16 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58984","Kovacic, M., Sanda, R., Cekovska, K., T. Soukupova, T. & Vukic, J. (2021) Zebrus pallaoroi sp. nov.: a new species of goby (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) from the Mediterranean Sea with a dna-based phylogenetic analysis of the Gobius - lineage. Contributions to Zoology Advance articles, 90 (3), 285 - 317 https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 18759866 - bja 10018","De Buen, O. & Fage, L. (1908) Un nouveau Gobiid mediterraneen du genre Aphya (Aphya ferreri n. sp.). Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale: Histoire Naturelle, Morphologie, Histologie, Evolution des Animaux fondees par Henri de Lacaze-Duthiers, Notes et Revue, Serie 4, 8 (4), 105 - 110.","Duben, M. W. von (1845) Norriges Hafs-Fauna. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens forhandlingar, Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademien, 1 (1844), 110 - 116.","Steindachner, F. (1870) Ichthyologische Notizen (X). (Schluss). Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe, 61, 623 - 642.","Kovacic, M. & Sanda, R. (2016) A new species of Gobius (Perciformes: Gobiidae) from the Mediterranean Sea and the redescription of Gobius bucchichi. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 1104 - 1124. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12883","Heymer, A. & Zander, C. D. (1992) Le statut de Gobius auratus Risso, 1810 et description de Gobius xanthocephalus n. sp. de la Mediterranee (Teleostei, Gobiidae). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, 119, 291 - 314.","Sarato, C. (1889). Causerie scientifique. Gobius fallax. Gazette de Nice et des Alpes Maritimes, 16, 3.","Iljin, B. S. (1930) Le systeme des Gobiides. Trabajos, Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia, 2, 1 - 63.","Miller, P. J. & El-Tawil, M. Y. (1974) A multidisciplinary approach to a new species of Gobius (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from southern Cornwall. Journal of Zoology, London, 174, 539 - 574. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1974. tb 03181. x","Pallas, P. S. (1814) Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico et adjacentibus maribus observatorum recensionem, domicilia, mores et descriptiones anatomen atque icones plurimorum. 3 Vols. [1811 - 1814]. Vol. 3. Academia Scientiarum, Petropolis [Sankt Petersburg], vii + 428 pp.","Klunzinger, C. B. (1871) Synopsis der Fische des Rothen Meeres. II. Theil. Verh. K. - K. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch- Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 21, 441 - 688. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 14760","Goren, M. & Stern, N. (2021) Cryptocentrus steinhardti (Actynopterygii: Gobiidae): a new species of shrimp-goby, a new invasive to the Mediterranean Sea. PeerJ, 9, e 12136. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 12136","Kovacic, M., Ordines, F. & Schliewen, U. (2017 a) A new species of Buenia (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from the western Mediterranean Sea, with the description of this genus. Zootaxa, 4050 (5), 447 - 460. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4250.5.3","Norman, J. R. (1927) Zoological results of the Cambridge Expedition to the Suez Canal, 1924. Report on the fishes. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 22 (3 / 12), 375 - 390. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1927. tb 00386. x","Risso, A. (1820) Memoire sur quelques poissons observes dans la mer de Nice. Journal de Physique, de Chimie et d'Histoire Naturelle, 91, 241 - 255.","Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, ii + 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542","De Buen, F. (1928) Descripcion de un nuevo Gobius (G. roulei nov. sp.). Notas y Resumenes, Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia, 2, 1 - 6.","Iglesias, S. P., Vukic, J., Sellos, D. Y., Soukupova, T. & Sanda, R. (2021 a) Gobius xoriguer, a new offshore Mediterranean goby (Gobiidae), and phylogenetic relationships within the genus Gobius. Ichthyological Research, 68 (3), 445 - 449. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10228 - 020 - 00797 - 9","De Buen, F. (1918) Los Gobidos de la Peninsula Iberica y Baleares. Nota II. Catalogo sistematico y ensayo de distribucion geografica. Boletin de pescas. Madrid, 26, 291 - 337.","Fowler, H. W. (1934) Zoological results of the third De Schauensee Siamese Expedition, Part I. -- Fishes. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 86, 67 - 163.","Miller, P. J. (1973) The identity of Gobius affinis Kolombatovic, with notes on the systematics and biology of Pomatoschistus pictus (Malm). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale ' Giacomo Doria', 79, 53 - 88.","Miller, P. J. (1982) A new Pomatoschistus from the Mediterranean, and redescription of P. tortonesei Miller 1968 (Pisces: Gobiidae). Senckenbergiana maritima, 62, 5 - 19.","Steindachner, F. (1861) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Gobioiden. Sitzungsberichte der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 42, 283 - 292. [for 1860]","Kroyer, H. N. (1838 - 53) Danmarks Fiske. 4 Vols. in 3. S. Triers, Kobenhavn [Copenhagen], 616 pp., 644 pp. & 1279 pp.","Pallas, P. S. (1770) Spicilegia Zoologica quibus novae imprimis et obscurae animalium species iconibus, descriptionibus atque commentariis illustrantur. 1 (8). Gottl. August. Lange, Berolini, 56 pp., 5 pls.","Engin, S. & Seyhan, D. (2017) A new species of Pomatoschistus (Teleostei, Gobiidae): the Mediterraneans smallest marine fish. Journal of Fish Biology, 91, 1208 - 1223. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 13455","Collett, R. (1902) Meddelelser om Norges fiske i aarene 1884 - 1901 (3 die Hoved-supplement til \" Norges Fiske \"). I. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-selskabet i Christiania, 1, 1 - 121. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12557","Heckel, J. J. (1837) Ichthyologische Beitrage zu den Familien der Cottoiden, Scorpaenoiden, Gobioiden und Cyprinoiden. Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte, 2 (1), 143 - 164. [for 1840]","Chabanaud, P. (1933) Sur divers poissons de la mer Rouge et du canal de Suez. Description de deux especes nouvelles. Bulletin de l'Institut Oceanographique, Monaco, 627, 1 - 12."]}

Hazeus ingressus Engin, Larson & Erhan, 2018 (Fig. 35)—Invaded Sand Goby Hazeus ingressus Engin, Larson & Irmak, 2018: 318; eastern mediterranean, Turkey, Fethiye. Size. Largest specimen examined 3.7 cm total length. Morphology. D VI + I,8; A I,8–9; P 17–18. Body moderately elongate, the depth 5.0– 6.3 in standard length. Stout head with slightly rounded snout and large eyes extending slightly above dorsal profile. Caudal peduncle deep, but lower than body depth. First spine of first and second dorsal fins stout and sharp-tipped; third spine of the first dorsal fin slightly longest but not elongate. Caudal fin rounded, shorter than head length. Body, nape, cheek and opercle scaled, but scales not visible or poorly visible on live specimen photographs (Engin et al. 2018). Live coloration. Pale gray with numerous small irregular brown spots on body and dorsally on head, and a row of 5 irregular blackish blotches along midside (Fig. 35), first below first dorsal fin, fifth on caudal-fin base. Head with brown marking below orbit. Second dorsal fin with brown streaks along rays. No rows of elongate spots on cheek and no longitudinal eye stripe (Fig. 33b). Similar species. Gobius incognitus, G. bucchichi. Habitat. Inhabits sand bottom in sheltered bays and lagoons at depth of 5–37 m (Engin et al. 2018). Geographic distribution. Only known from the type specimens collected at Fethiye on the Levantine coast of Turkey, eastern Mediterranean Sea. It was later observed in Abu Dabab lagoon, Marsa Alam, Egypt on silty sand bottom (based on an unpublished photograph provided by B. Hazes)., Published as part of Kovačić, Marcelo, Renoult, Julien P., Pillon, Roberto, Svensen, Rudolf, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Engin, Semih & Louisy, Patrick, 2022, Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5144 (1) on page 66, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5144.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6601561, {"references":["Engin, S., Larson, H. K. & Irmak, E. (2018 b) Hazeus ingressus sp. nov. a new goby species (Perciformes: Gobiidae) and a new invasion in the Mediterranean Sea. Mediterranean Marine Science, 19, 316 - 325. https: // doi. org / 10.12681 / mms. 14336"]}

Chromogobius quadrivittatus (Steindachner, 1863) (Fig. 24)—Banded Goby Gobius quadrivittatus Steindachner, 1863; type locality: Adriatic Sea, Croatia, Hvar. Size. Maximum size 6.6 cm total length (Miller 1986). Morphology. D VI + I,8–11; A I,7–9; P 16–18 (Miller 1971). Small goby with elongate body. Head clearly depressed (distinctly dorsoventrally flattened), head and predorsal profile horizontal (Fig. 23a). Snout prominent and mouth opening upwards (Fig. 23a). Caudal peduncle deep, almost as high as body. Dorsal fins of similar height, the first dorsal fin may be slightly higher in appearance, with more or less rounded shape and no elongate spines. Caudal fin rounded. Live coloration. Body fawn, brown or blackish with a broad pale predorsal bar extending ventrally on pectoral-fin base (Fig. 24), in some specimens indistinct. No pale saddle at origin of the first dorsal fin, prominent to poorly visible white saddle at origin of the second dorsal fin (Fig. 24a), while another short saddle may be present below posterior part of that fin (Fig. 24b). Tip of lower jaw, top of snout and interorbital space grayish or white. Head usually with reticulate pattern, including cheeks (Fig. 24a), or cheeks densely dotted (Fig. 23a) (Colombo & Langeneck 2013; Boltachev & Karpova 2017; Trkov et al. 2019). Scales present, small, at best visible on body as pattern of pale dots. Similar species. Chromogobius zebratus. Habitat. Infralittoral species, 0–2 m depth on rocky shores, in clefts, below stones, hidden in biocover, in the Black Sea also in brackish waters (Kovačić 1997; Patzner 2021). Geographic distribution. Mediterranean and Black Sea (Miller 1986; Ahnelt 1990; Colombo & Langeneck 2013; Boltachev & Karpova 2017). In the Mediterranean Sea, there are records from northwestern Mediterranean, Adriatic Sea, Aegean Sea and Levant (Miller 1986)., Published as part of Kovačić, Marcelo, Renoult, Julien P., Pillon, Roberto, Svensen, Rudolf, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Engin, Semih & Louisy, Patrick, 2022, Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5144 (1) on page 45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5144.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6601561, {"references":["Steindachner, F. (1863) Ueber eine neue Gobius - Art aus dem Adriatischen Meere. Archivio per la Zoologia, l'Anatomia e la Fisiologia, 2, 341 - 342.","Miller, P. J. (1971) A revision of the Mediterranean gobiid genus Chromogobius (Teleostei Perciformes). Journal of Zoology, London, 164, 305 - 334. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1971. tb 01321. x","Colombo, M. & Langeneck, J. (2013) The importance of underwater photography in detecting cryptobenthic species: new in situ records of some gobies (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from Italian Seas with ecological notes. Acta Adriatica, 54 (1), 101 - 110.","Boltachev, A. R. & Karpova, E. P. (2017) Marine fishes of the Crimean Peninsula, second edition. Business-Inform, Simpheropol, 376 pp.","Trkov, D., Mavric, B., Orlando-Bonaca, M. & Lipej, L. (2019) Marine cryptobenthic fish fauna of Slovenia (Northern Adriatic Sea). Annales, Series Historia Naturalis, 29 (1), 59 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.19233 / ASHN. 2019.07","Kovacic, M. (1997) Cryptobenthic gobies and clingfishes in the Kvarner area, Adriatic Sea. Natura Croatica, 6 (4), 423 - 435.","Patzner, R. A. (2021) Gobiidae. Available from: http: // www. patzner. sbg. ac. at / Gobiidae / GobiidaeSpecies. htm (accessed 1 October 2021)","Ahnelt, H. (1990) Chromogobius quadrivittatus, Chromogobius zebratus und Zebrus zebrus (Pisces: Gobiidae: Erstnachweis fur Korsika (Frankreich) und Sardinien (Italien). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 91, 27 - 41."]}

Gobius cobitis Pallas, 1814 (Fig. 53)—Giant Goby Gobius cobitis Pallas, 1814: 160, type locality: Black Sea, Ukraine, Crimea, Feodosiya [Feodosia]. Size. Known adult size about 20–25 cm total length. Morphology. D VI + I,13–14; A I,10–12; P 19–22. Large goby with a robust body, a large head, long snout and thick lips. Caudal peduncle deep, but lower than body depth. Dorsal fins of similar height, the first dorsal fin with more or less rounded edge and no elongated spines. Pectoral fins with well-developed, short free rays. Caudal fin rounded. Predorsal area and nape scaled. Scales small, visible on body and predorsal area as pattern of pale dots. Live coloration. Head and body variegated, finely mottled greenish to beige, with fairly invariable pattern of large and irregular dark midlateral blotches (Fig. 53). Dorsally three dark blotches at the posterior base of the dorsal fins and a smaller blotch just before the caudal peduncle on the back, and three fainter (sometimes not visible) blotches located in the center of the nape, over the pectorals, and just behind origin of the second dorsal fin, respectively. Along midline: 5 medium-sized dark blotches. Below midline: 9-10 smaller, aligned dark blotches. Often a series of roundish white spots on lower side of head (Fig. 53): one on lower lip, one at the angle of mouth, 3–5 along lower head reaching posterior border of opercle, and sometimes some smaller ones along opercular edge (Renoult et al. 2022). Similar species. Gobius ophiocephalus, G. paganellus. Habitat. Infralittoral and intertidal species, known from 0.2–10 m depth on hard or mixed bottoms and in lagoons with limited variation in salinity, except for the ocassional record from Israel (Kovačić & Golani 2007b, Patzner 2021). Geographic distribution. Mediterranean, Eastern Atlantic, and Black Sea (Vasil’eva 2007). This species has migrated to the Gulf of Suez, in the Red Sea (Goren & Klausewitz 1978)., Published as part of Kovačić, Marcelo, Renoult, Julien P., Pillon, Roberto, Svensen, Rudolf, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Engin, Semih & Louisy, Patrick, 2022, Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5144 (1) on pages 54-55, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5144.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6601561, {"references":["Pallas, P. S. (1814) Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico et adjacentibus maribus observatorum recensionem, domicilia, mores et descriptiones anatomen atque icones plurimorum. 3 Vols. [1811 - 1814]. Vol. 3. Academia Scientiarum, Petropolis [Sankt Petersburg], vii + 428 pp.","Renoult, J. P., Pillon, R., Kovacic, M. & Louisy, P. (2022) Frontiers in Fishwatching Series - Gobies of North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean: Gobius and Thorogobius. Les cahiers de la fondation Biotope. [in press]","Kovacic, M. & Golani, D. (2007 b) First record of Papillogobius melanobranchus in the Mediterranean Sea and new data on geographic distributions, bathymetric ranges and morphology of several benthic fishes in the Levant. Cybium, 31 (4), 417 - 425. https: // doi. org / 10.26028 / cybium / 2007 - 314 - 002","Patzner, R. A. (2021) Gobiidae. Available from: http: // www. patzner. sbg. ac. at / Gobiidae / GobiidaeSpecies. htm (accessed 1 October 2021)","Vasil'eva, E. D. (2007) Fish of the Black Sea. Key to marine, brackish-water, euryhaline, and anadromous species with color illustrations, collected by S. V. Bogorodsky. VNIRO Publishing, Moscow, 237 pp. [in Russian, with English abstract]","Goren, M. & Klausewitz, W. (1978) Two Mediterranean gobiid fishes new in the Red Sea (Pisces: Gobiidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica, 59, 19 - 24."]}

Pomatoschistus bathi Miller, 1982 (Fig. 63)—Bath’s Goby Pomatoschistus bathi Miller, 1982: 6; type locality: Sea of Marmara, Turkey, Bandýrma, Erdek. Size. Maximum size 3.2 cm total length (Miller 1986). Morphology. D VI (V–VI) + I,7–9; A I,6–9; P 13–17 (Miller 1986). Small goby with subcylindrical body, laterally compressed towards caudal fin, head slightly depressed and distinctly small compared to thickness of body (Fig. 63). Snout moderately long. Eyes dorsolateral, interorbital space moderately narrow. Caudal peduncle slender, clearly lower than body depth. The first dorsal fin about equal or shorter than the second dorsal fin, with more or less rounded distal margin. Caudal fin rounded. Scales present on body, usually visible on close-up photographs at least dorsally. Predorsal area naked. Live coloration. Body from beige to light brown with pale saddles and mottled patterning dorsally and white ventrally, with vertical, iridescent, pale gray streaks. Five small pale dorsal saddles ending ventrally above the midline not linked with a midlateral irregularly shaped, horizontally elongate, black spot below (Fig. 63). Each black lateral spot with a short ventral black extension, except the last, pear-shaped, at caudal-fin base. Short dark dash from the center of the snout to the upper lip, not always visible. Indistinct gray to dark vertical bar extending from ventral edge of eye to corner of mouth; cheek pale (Fig. 63). On side of head, between opercle and upper pectoral-fin base, a horizontal, Y-shaped brown to reddish marking, branching forward (Fig. 63). Similar species. Pomatoschistus nanus, P. quagga, P. adriaticus, Pseudaphya ferreri. Habitat. Infralittoral species, on sand and gravel to 15 m depth (Engin et al. 2018a). Geographic distribution. Mediterranean and Black Sea. In the Mediterranean Sea, there are records from the northwestern Mediterranean, Adriatic Sea, Aegean Sea and Sea of Marmara (Miller 1986), also Sicily (Giacobbe et al. 2017). In the Black Sea it was recorded from the eastern coast (Vasil’eva & Bogorodskii 2004)., Published as part of Kovačić, Marcelo, Renoult, Julien P., Pillon, Roberto, Svensen, Rudolf, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Engin, Semih & Louisy, Patrick, 2022, Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5144 (1) on page 74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5144.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6601561, {"references":["Miller, P. J. (1982) A new Pomatoschistus from the Mediterranean, and redescription of P. tortonesei Miller 1968 (Pisces: Gobiidae). Senckenbergiana maritima, 62, 5 - 19.","Engin, S., Irmak, E., Seyhan, D., Akdemir, T. & Keskin, A. C. (2018 a) Gobiid fishes of the coastal zone of the Northeastern Aegean Sea. Marine Biodiversity, 48, 1073 - 1084. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 016 - 0550 - x","Giacobbe, S., Spinelli, A., De Matteo, S. & Kovacic, M. (2017) First record of the Bath's goby, Pomatoschistus bathi (Miller 1982), from central-south Italy: a southern proof of fragmented distribution restricted to the north? Marine Biodiversity, 48, 2243 - 2248. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 017 - 0741 - 0."]}

Lesueurigobius friesii (Malm, 1874) (Fig. 17)—Fries’s Goby Gobius friesii Malm, 1874: 383; type locality: Sweden, Gullmarfjord, Lysekil. Size. Maximum size 10 cm total length (Miller 1986). Morphology. D VI + I,13–16; A I,12–15; P 18–19 (Miller 1986). Moderately large goby with subcylindrical body, laterally compressed towards caudal fin, head moderately large. Snout large and blunt. Eyes dorsolateral, interorbital space narrow. Caudal peduncle deep, but lower than body depth. Dorsal fins of similar height, the first dorsal fin may be slightly higher, with more or less rounded edge and no elongate spines. Caudal fin slightly pointed, almost rounded. Predorsal area and nape scaled (Miller 1986). Scales large, visible on body and usually also on predorsal area. Live coloration. Body with 2 longitudinal rows of gray-brown to orange-brown spots, more or less overlaid with yellow or orange, one row along back and another along lateral midline; smaller spots of the same color (and not lines) on head (Fig. 17). Both dorsal fins and upper half of caudal fin with yellow to orange spots; second dorsal-fin edge yellow to orange with a blue to whitish submarginal band (Moen & Svensen 2004; Louisy 2015). Similar species. Lesueurigobius sanzi, L. suerii, Thorogobius macrolepis. Habitat. Infralittoral and circalittoral to bathyal species, known from 10–440 m on soft bottoms and seagrass meadows (Goren et al. 2019; Patzner 2021). Geographic distribution. Mediterranean and Atlantic Ocean: present in the Atlantic from Mauritania to Norway and along north Mediterranean coast from Gibraltar to the Sea of Marmara, also along Turkish coast south to Levant (Miller 1986; Goren et al. 2019)., Published as part of Kovačić, Marcelo, Renoult, Julien P., Pillon, Roberto, Svensen, Rudolf, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Engin, Semih & Louisy, Patrick, 2022, Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5144 (1) on page 68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5144.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6601561, {"references":["Malm, A. W. (1874) Om de Svenske gobiider. Forhandlingar vid de Skandinaviske Naturforskarnes, 11, 380 - 386.","Moen, F. E. & Svensen, E. (2004) Marine fish and invertebrates of Northern Europe. KOM, Kristiansund / AquaPress, Southendon-Sea, Essex, 608 pp.","Louisy, P. (2015) Europe and Mediterranean Marine Fish Identification Guide. 3 rd Edition. Eugen Ulmer Ed., Paris, 512 pp.","Goren, M., Danovaro, R., Rothman, S. B. S., Mienis, H. K. & Galil, B. S. (2019) Snapshot of the upper slope macro- and megafauna of the Southeastern Mediterranean Sea: Ecological diversity and protection. Vie et Milieu, 69, 233 - 248.","Patzner, R. A. (2021) Gobiidae. Available from: http: // www. patzner. sbg. ac. at / Gobiidae / GobiidaeSpecies. htm (accessed 1 October 2021)"]}

Gobius auratus Risso, 1810 (Figs. 36 and 40)—Golden Goby Gobius auratus Risso, 1810: 160, type locality: Mediterranean Sea, France, La Fourmigue. Size. Known adult size about 9 cm total length. Morphology. D VI + I,13–15; A I,12–14; P 17–20. Medium-sized goby, with a moderately elongate body, laterally compressed, large head, and a short, slightly pointed snout. Caudal peduncle deep, but lower than body depth. Dorsal fins of similar height, the first dorsal-fin spines decreasing posteriorly, giving fin a triangular shape. Caudal fin rounded. Scales present on body and on predorsal area, usually visible on photographs at least dorsally (Herler et al. 2005; Renoult et al. 2022). Live coloration. Body plain yellow ( G. auratu s morph 1) (Fig. 40), except in northern Adriatic (Herler et al. 2005) where the yellow body is covered with numerous orange or red-brown dots forming longitudinal rows, including 3 or 4 rows below the lateral midline (G. auratus morph 2) (Fig. 36). Upper lip unmarked except the dot on the corner of the mouth (Fig. 33c) (Renoult et al. 2022). Similar species. Morph 1 with no similar species in the Mediterranean. For morph 2: Gobius fallax and G. xanthocephalus. Habitat. Infralittoral and circalittoral species known from 8–80 m depth on rocky and coralligenous habitats (Herler & Patzner 2005; Patzner 2021). Geographic distribution. Northern Mediterranean, presently known from the Provence basin in France westwards (Herler et al. 2005) to west of Antalya, Turkey, Levantine Sea (Francour et al. 2007). In the Adriatic, a transition form between the ‘dotted’ morph (morph 2) and the ‘plain colored’ morph (morph 1) can be found in the Zadar region in Croatia (R. Pillon and M. Kovačić, unpublished observation)., Published as part of Kovačić, Marcelo, Renoult, Julien P., Pillon, Roberto, Svensen, Rudolf, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Engin, Semih & Louisy, Patrick, 2022, Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5144 (1) on page 53, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5144.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6601561, {"references":["Risso, A. (1810) Ichtyologie de Nice, ou histoire naturelle des poissons du departement des Alpes Maritimes. F. Schoell, Paris, xxxvi + 388 pp. [reprint, 1966, Asher, Amsterdam] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 7052","Renoult, J. P., Pillon, R., Kovacic, M. & Louisy, P. (2022) Frontiers in Fishwatching Series - Gobies of North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean: Gobius and Thorogobius. Les cahiers de la fondation Biotope. [in press]","Patzner, R. A. (2021) Gobiidae. Available from: http: // www. patzner. sbg. ac. at / Gobiidae / GobiidaeSpecies. htm (accessed 1 October 2021)"]}

Chromogobius zebratus (Kolombatović, 1891) (Fig. 25)—Kolombatovic’s Goby Gobius depressus var. zebratus Kolombatović, 1891: 27; type locality: Adriatic Sea, Dalmatia. Size. Maximum size 6.2 cm total length (Alberto & Nieto 1993). Morphology. D VI + I,11; A I,9–10; P 15–17 (Miller 1971, Alberto & Nieto 1993). Head clearly depressed (distinctly dorsoventrally flattened), head and predorsal profile horizontal (Fig. 23a). Snout prominent and mouth opening upwards (Fig. 23a). Caudal peduncle deep, almost as deep as body. Dorsal fins of similar height, the first dorsal fin may be slightly higher in appearance, with more or less rounded shape and no elongate spines. Caudal fin rounded. Scales present, small, at best visible on body as pattern of pale dots. Live coloration. Body pale brown with a broad, pale to dusky bar on predorsal area extending ventrally on pectoral-fin base, and 5 or 6 faint pale saddles, distinctly to poorly visible, from origin of the first dorsal fin to just behind second dorsal fin, usually continuing to below side as faint bars half the width of dark interspaces (Fig. 25); cheeks pale with 2 oblique dark bands radiating downwards from eye in the shape of an inverted V or a triangular mark (Fig. 23b); base of pectoral fin with a narrow black bar preceded by a white or yellowish bar across fin rays (Miller 1971). Similar species. Chromogobius quadrivittatus. Habitat. Infralittoral species, known from 0.5–20 m depth on rocky shores. Inside boulder fields, clefts, cavities, also under individual stones and boulders of various size (Kovačić 1997; Engin & Dalgýç 2008; Patzner 2021), and in intertidal pools (Alberto & Nieto 1993). Geographic distribution. Northeastern Atlantic, Mediterranean and Black Sea. Northeastern Atlantic near Gibraltar (Alberto & Nieto 1993). In the Mediterranean Sea, there are records from western Mediterranean (Bouchereau & Tomasini 1989; Iglésias et al. 2020), Sicily (Miller 1986), Malta (Kovačić & Schembri 2019), Adriatic Sea, Aegean Sea, Levant (Miller 1986). The species is also known from the Black Sea (Engin & Dalgýç 2008; Boltachev & Karpova 2017)., Published as part of Kovačić, Marcelo, Renoult, Julien P., Pillon, Roberto, Svensen, Rudolf, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Engin, Semih & Louisy, Patrick, 2022, Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5144 (1) on pages 45-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5144.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6601561, {"references":["Kolombatovic, G. (1891) Glamoci (Gobii) Spljetskog Pomorskog Okruzja Dalmaciji (In Croatian and Italian). Godisnje Izviesce C. K. Velike Realke u Splitu za Skolsku Godinu, Split, 1890 - 1891, 3 - 29.","Alberto, L. J. & Nieto, P. (1993) Presence of Chromogobius zebratus (Kolombatovic, 1891) (Gobiidae) in the Atlantic. Comments on the subspecific characteristics and distribution. Cybium, 17, 215 - 221.","Miller, P. J. (1971) A revision of the Mediterranean gobiid genus Chromogobius (Teleostei Perciformes). Journal of Zoology, London, 164, 305 - 334. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1971. tb 01321. x","Kovacic, M. (1997) Cryptobenthic gobies and clingfishes in the Kvarner area, Adriatic Sea. Natura Croatica, 6 (4), 423 - 435.","Engin, S. & Dalgyc, G. (2008) First Record of Chromogobius zebratus (Gobiidae) for the Mediterranean Coast of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 32 (2), 197 - 199.","Patzner, R. A. (2021) Gobiidae. Available from: http: // www. patzner. sbg. ac. at / Gobiidae / GobiidaeSpecies. htm (accessed 1 October 2021)","Bouchereau, J. L. & Tomasini, J. A. (1989) Note sur la presence de Chromogobius zebratus (Kolombatovic, 1891) et de Millerigobius macrocephalus (Kolombatovic, 1891) (Teleostei; Percomorphi; Gobioidei; Gobiidae) sur les cotes de Corse, France. Bulletin de la Societe zoologique de France Societe zoologique de France, 114, 106 - 110.","Iglesias, S. P., Bergot, P., Breton, P., Brunelle, S., Camusat, M., Causse, R., Charbonnel, E., Chevaldonne, P., Cordier, Y., Cosquer, P., Cuillandre, J. P., Curd, A., Dubas, R., Duhau, M., Derrien-Courtel, S., Devique, G., Dixneuf, S., Duhamel, E., Farque, P. A., Francour, P., Fontana, Y., Gamon, A., Gicqueau, C., Goascoz, N., Hassani, S., Jadaud, A., Kopp, D., Lamour, L., Le Bris, S., Leveque, L., Liger, P., Lorance, P., Louisy, P., Maran, V., Mehault, S., Metral, L., Morin-Repincay, A., Mouchel, O., Pere, A., Quero, J. C., Renoult, J. P., Roche, F., Schweyer, L., Spitz, J., Thiriet, P. & Thomas, W. (2020) French Ichthyological Records for 2018. Cybium, 44 (4), 285 - 307.","Kovacic, M. & Schembri, P. J. (2019) Twelve new records of gobies and clingfishes (Pisces: Teleostei) significantly increase small benthic fish diversity of Maltese waters. Mediterranean Marine Science, 20, 287 - 296. https: // doi. org / 10.12681 / mms. 19816","Boltachev, A. R. & Karpova, E. P. (2017) Marine fishes of the Crimean Peninsula, second edition. Business-Inform, Simpheropol, 376 pp."]}

Lebetus guilleti (Le Danois, 1913) (Fig. 8)—Guillet’s Goby Gobius (Lebetus) scorpioides var. guilleti Le Danois, 1913: 91, type locality: western Mediterranean Sea, northwestern France, on English Channel, Morlaix Bay. Size. Maximum known size 2.0 cm total length (Schliewen et al. 2019). Morphology. D VI + I,7–9; A I,4-6; P 14-15 (Herler & Kovačić 2002). Small goby with subcylindrical body, laterally compressed towards caudal fin. Head slightly depressed and fairly long, snout short, eyes large and close together. Caudal peduncle deep, but lower than body depth. First dorsal fin higher than the second dorsal fin; no elongated spines, but breeding males with notably enlarged, sail-like first dorsal fin. Caudal fin rounded. Body covered with scales (Herler & Kovačić 2002), which are poorly visible on live specimen photographs (Fig. 8). Live coloration. Head and most predorsal area grayish in males, brownish in females. Body with a pattern of alternating dark and pale, slightly oblique broad bars. A white area below the first dorsal fin, followed by a well obliquely-delineated dark area between bases of second dorsal and anal fins (which contains an oblong white spot ventrally), contrasting with a plain white caudal peduncle (Fig. 8). Rear caudal peduncle and caudal-fin base dark brown. White body area extending onto most of pectoral fin. Additional narrow rusty red bars can be present over pale and dark areas below dorsal fins. Males’ enlarged first dorsal fin grayish to white with 2-3, often faint, oblique yellow to orange bands, second dorsal fin with black margin, 4 oblique yellow to orange bands and sometimes a large blue-edged black blotch on its anterior corner. Females’ triangular first dorsal fin white to graybrown with a small green round spot between fifth and sixth spines, second dorsal fin somewhat transparent, both dorsal fins with visible or indistinct oblique orange bands (Herler & Kovačić 2002; Hope & Shucksmith 2010; Schliewen et al. 2019). Similar species. Lebetus patzneri, Speleogobius trigloides. Habitat. Infralittoral and circalittoral species, known from 2–67 m depth on stone, shell, gravel, coralligenous or red algae beds bottoms (Engin et al. 2015; Schliewen et al. 2019). Geographic distribution. The northeastern Atlantic, from Normandy to Norway, as well as in the Mediterranean, including the northwestern Mediterranean, Adriatic Sea and the Sea of Marmara (Miller 1986; Engin et al. 2015; Schliewen et al. 2019)., Published as part of Kovačić, Marcelo, Renoult, Julien P., Pillon, Roberto, Svensen, Rudolf, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Engin, Semih & Louisy, Patrick, 2022, Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5144 (1) on page 67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5144.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6601561, {"references":["Le Danois, E. (1913) Contribution a l'etude systematique et biologique des poissons de la Manche Occidentale. Annales de l'Institut Oceanographique Monaco, 5 (5), 1 - 214.","Schliewen, U. K., Kovacic, M., Gerwenka, A. F., Svensen, R. & Ordines, F. (2019) Lebetus patzneri (Teleostei: Gobiidae), a new goby species from the Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean, with first records of Lebetus guilleti (Le Danois, 1913) from this area and Norway, and with notes on its biology. Zootaxa, 4706 (2), 231 - 254. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4706.2.2","Herler, J. & Kovacic, M. (2002) Lebetus guilleti (Teleostei: Gobiidae) in the northern Adriatic Sea: first record and details on the species' morphology. Annales, Series Historia Naturalis, 12, 177 - 188.","Hope, R. & Shucksmith, R. (2010) Most northerly record of Europe's smallest marine fish Guillet's goby Lebetus guilleti in the Shetland Islands, Scotland. Marine Biodiversity Records, 3, e 98. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 175526721000103 X","Engin, S., Akdemir, T. & Keskin, A. C. (2015) First record of Lebetus guilleti (Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Gobiidae) from the Sea of Marmara. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria, 45, 85 - 87. https: // doi. org / 10.3750 / AIP 2015.45.1.09"]}

Zebrus zebrus (Risso, 1827) (Fig. 28)—Zebra Goby Gobius zebrus Risso, 1827: 282; type locality: northwestern Mediterranean Sea, France, Gross Island, Banyuls sur Mer. Note: This species closely resembles the recently described Z. pallaoroi, which live coloration is almost unknown, and some photographs attributed to Z. zebrus may actually depict Z. pallaoroi; the present account is thus provisional and may not allow for a fully reliable visual differentiation of the two Zebrus species. Size. Maximum known size about 5.5 cm total length (6.1 cm in the Atlantic, Nieto & Alberto 1992). Morphology. D V–VI + I,11; A I,7–10; P 16–18. Small goby with a stocky body, a relatively large head and a deep caudal peduncle. Eyes quite large, snout slightly shorter than eye diameter. Head narrower than in Z. pallaoroi: head width at opercle level about 50–75 % of head length (vs. 80–90 % in Z. pallaoroi). Anterior nostril a tube with tentacle; posterior nostril tube clearly shorter (less than 40 % of the anterior). Caudal peduncle deep, almost same depth as body. Dorsal fins of similar height, the first dorsal fin with more or less rounded margin. Uppermost pectoral-fin ray may be almost free from membrane (Miller 1977; Louisy 2015, Kovačić et al. 2021; present work). Caudal fin rounded. Body scaled, nape and predorsal area naked. Scales more or less visible on body from reticulate pigmentation along scale edges. Live coloration. Head and body with a beige, brownish or greenish background. Body with 6–9 pale bars along side (Fig. 28a), mostly visible on dorsal half (Miller 1977, Kovačić et al. 2021) (*). In the wild, unstressed animals often display pale dorsal saddles while the rest of body is more or less uniformly colored or mottled with dark pigment (Figs. 28b ); upper lateral dark markings reach to the base of dorsal fins. When present, the crescent band on head (broad pale transverse band across anterior nape extending on the sides until pectoral fin bases) does not extend forward to eyes (Fig. 28b); it is usually quite well defined in shape and contours. First dorsal fin usually with 2 dark horizontal lines (the lower one often disrupted) with a whitish band in between, outer margin of the fin often with a reddish or yellowish tint. Second dorsal fin with brownish to reddish spots that may coalesce into slightly oblique lines. (*) The pattern of lateral bars visible on dead or stressed animals do not exactly match the number and location of lateral markings usually displayed underwater (these two pattern types may superimpose to various extents). Similar species. Zebrus pallaoroi, Millerigobius macrocephalus, Chromogobius zebratus. Habitat. Infralittoral species most often encountered between 0.1–3 m depth (Miller 1977) but also recorded down to 13 m (Engin et al. 2018a) and 36 m (Kesici & Dalyan 2019). Occurs in a variety of inshore habitats, under stones or in rock clefts and cavities, in Cymodocea or Posidonia seagrass meadows (sheltering below shells), often in coastal lagoons (Miller 1977, Patzner 1999a, Kovačić et al. 2012a, Trkov et al. 2019). May be found in intertidal pools (Ahnelt 1990, Nieto & Alberto 1992, Trkov et al. 2019), and juveniles sometimes under sea urchins (Patzner 1999b). Geographic distribution. Recorded along the Atlantic coastline of southwest Spain and south Portugal (Nieto & Alberto 1992; Kovačić et al. 2021) and along northern Mediterranean coasts (Miller 1986), from Alicante to the eastern Aegean Sea (Bogorodsky et al. 2010), the Levantine Sea from Rhodes (Miller 1977) to Syria (Saad 2005), and from the southern Mediterranean in Tunisia and Libya (Mejri et al. 2007). It has also been recorded from the Bosphorus Strait (Kesici & Dalyan 2019) and the Black Sea (Kovačić & Engin 2009; Boltachev & Karpova 2017)., Published as part of Kovačić, Marcelo, Renoult, Julien P., Pillon, Roberto, Svensen, Rudolf, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Engin, Semih & Louisy, Patrick, 2022, Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5144 (1) on pages 89-90, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5144.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6601561, {"references":["Risso, A. (1827) Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe meridionale, et particulierement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes maritimes. Vol. 3. F. G. Levrault, Paris and Strasbourg, xvi + 480 pp., 16 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58984","Nieto P. & Alberto, L. J. (1992) The presence of Zebrus zebrus (Risso, 1826) (Gobiidae) on the Atlantic coast of Spain. Cybium, 16, 137 - 144.","Miller, P. J. (1977) Gobies from Rhodes and systematic features of Zebrus zebrus (Teleostei: Gobiidae). Zoologicla Journal of Linnean Soc iety, 60, 339 - 362. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1977. tb 00839. x","Louisy, P. (2015) Europe and Mediterranean Marine Fish Identification Guide. 3 rd Edition. Eugen Ulmer Ed., Paris, 512 pp.","Kovacic, M., Sanda, R., Cekovska, K., T. Soukupova, T. & Vukic, J. (2021) Zebrus pallaoroi sp. nov.: a new species of goby (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) from the Mediterranean Sea with a dna-based phylogenetic analysis of the Gobius - lineage. Contributions to Zoology Advance articles, 90 (3), 285 - 317 https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 18759866 - bja 10018","Engin, S., Irmak, E., Seyhan, D., Akdemir, T. & Keskin, A. C. (2018 a) Gobiid fishes of the coastal zone of the Northeastern Aegean Sea. Marine Biodiversity, 48, 1073 - 1084. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 016 - 0550 - x","Kesici, N. B. & Dalyan, C. (2019) New record of the zebra goby, Zebrus zebrus (Risso, 1827), in the Bosphorus Strait (Turkey). Turkish Journal of Bioscience and Collections, 3 (1), 8 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.26650 / tjbc. 20190002","Patzner, R. A. (1999 a) Habitat utilization and depth distribution of small cryptobenthic fishes (Blenniidae, Gobiesocidae, Gobiidae, Tripterygiidae) at Ibiza (western Mediterranean Sea). Enviromental Biology of Fishes, 55, 207 - 214. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1007535808710","Kovacic, M., Patzner, R. A. & Schliewen, U. (2012 a) A first quantitative assessment of the ecology of cryptobenthic fishes in the Mediterranean Sea. Marine Biology, 159, 2731 - 2742. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00227 - 012 - 2030 - 6","Trkov, D., Mavric, B., Orlando-Bonaca, M. & Lipej, L. (2019) Marine cryptobenthic fish fauna of Slovenia (Northern Adriatic Sea). Annales, Series Historia Naturalis, 29 (1), 59 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.19233 / ASHN. 2019.07","Ahnelt, H. (1990) Chromogobius quadrivittatus, Chromogobius zebratus und Zebrus zebrus (Pisces: Gobiidae: Erstnachweis fur Korsika (Frankreich) und Sardinien (Italien). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 91, 27 - 41.","Patzner, R. A. (1999 b) Sea urchins as hiding-place for juvenile benthic teleosts (Gobiidae, Gobiesocidae) in the Mediterranean Sea. Cybium, 23, 93 - 97.","Bogorodsky, S., Kovacic, M., Ozen, O. & Bilecenog ˘ lu, M. (2010) Records of two uncommon goby species (Millerigobius macrocephalus, Zebrus zebrus) from the Aegean Sea. Acta Adriatica, 51, 217 - 222.","Saad, A. (2005) Check-list of bony fish collected from the coast of Syria. Turkish Journal of Fishery and Aquaculture Science, 5, 99 - 106.","Mejri, R., Menif, D., Magsodi, M. O. & Ben Hassine, O. K. (2007) Nouvelles donnees sur la distribution geographique de Zebrus zebrus poisson Gobiidae (Risso, 1826) au niveau des cotes Mediterraneennes meridionales. Rapport de la Commission Internationale pour la Mer Mediterranee, 38, 539.","Kovacic, M. & Engin, S. (2009) First record of the zebra goby, Zebrus zebrus (Gobiidae), in the Black Sea. Cybium, 33 (1), 83 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.26028 / cybium / 2009 - 331 - 011","Boltachev, A. R. & Karpova, E. P. (2017) Marine fishes of the Crimean Peninsula, second edition. Business-Inform, Simpheropol, 376 pp."]}

Pomatoschistus nanus Engin & Seyhan, 2017 (Fig. 68)—Pygmaean Goby Pomatoschistus nanus Engin & Seyhan, 2017: 3; type locality: Turkey, Antalya, Kas, Camel Reef. Size. Maximum size 2.0 cm total length (Engin & Seyhan 2017). Morphology. D VI + I,8; A I,9–11; P 15–16 (Engin & Seyhan 2017). Very small goby with subcylindrical body, laterally compressed towards caudal fin, head slightly depressed and moderately small. Snout pointed. Eyes large. Caudal peduncle slender, lower than body depth. Dorsal fins of similar height, the first dorsal fin with more or less rounded margin and no elongated spines. Caudal fin slightly emarginate. Scales present, but not usually visible on photographs. Live coloration. Body mostly translucent (Fig. 68); most visible chromatophores are deep inside the body, arranged along the vertebral column in a white line interspersed with dark markings and then, three longer dark lines and finally an elongate spot on caudal-fin base. Superimposed on this deep pattern are 4 very thin dorsal white saddles and a fifth broader saddle on caudal peduncle; a midlateral dark spot, that may slightly extend ventrally, below each saddle. Body whitish ventrally, with vertical, iridescent, pale gray streaks. Cheeks pale. Usually no horizontal Y-shaped dark marking on opercle. On nape, 3 whitish to white markings just behind eyes with 2 dark longitudinal streaks in between, and underlined with dark on sides (Engin & Seyhan 2017; present work). Similar species. Pomatoschistus bathi, Pseudaphya ferreri. Habitat. Infralittoral and circalittoral species, on coarse sand close to rocky reefs at depths of 29–41 m (Engin & Seyhan 2017). Geographic distribution. Eastern Mediterranean. Known only from the northern coast of the Levantine Sea (Engin & Seyhan 2017)., Published as part of Kovačić, Marcelo, Renoult, Julien P., Pillon, Roberto, Svensen, Rudolf, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Engin, Semih & Louisy, Patrick, 2022, Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5144 (1) on page 80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5144.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6601561, {"references":["Engin, S. & Seyhan, D. (2017) A new species of Pomatoschistus (Teleostei, Gobiidae): the Mediterraneans smallest marine fish. Journal of Fish Biology, 91, 1208 - 1223. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 13455"]}

Corcyrogobius liechtensteini (Kolombatović, 1891) (Fig. 21)—Liechtenstein’s Goby Gobius liechtensteini Kolombatović, 1891: 25; type locality: Adriatic Sea, Croatia, Korčula. Size. Reaches 2.5 cm total length (Miller 1986). Morphology. D VI + I,9; A I,7–9; P 15–16. A very small species with a somewhat elongated body; head not particularly flattened. Caudal peduncle deep, almost as high as body. Caudal fin rounded. First dorsal fin pointed (first spine longest), at least in males (Miller 1972; Miller 1986; Ahnelt et al. 1994; Herler et al. 1999a; Louisy 2015). Live coloration. Background coloration brick red (may vary from dark reddish brown to orangish brown, rarely yellowish) with numerous narrow, transverse, bright blue to dark blue bars (usually 10 to 15 visible on body), becoming more irregular on top of head (Fig. 21). Head sometimes darker, especially in males. Three continuous pale to bluish, more or less radiating bars extend from lower eye to underside of head (Fig. 20a). When present, dark branchiostegal spots located on lower head below each opercle are diagnostic (Fig. 21). Anterior nostril tube not contrastingly white. Dorsal fins usually bear rows of dark reddish spots that may coalesce in slightly oblique lines (Ahnelt et al. 1994; Ahnelt & Patzner 1996; Herler et al. 1999a; Louisy 2015). Scales visible on body only by reticulate pattern of pigmentation along scale edges. Similar species. Odondebuenia balearica, Vanneaugobius dollfusi. Habitat. Infralittoral and circalittoral species known from 0.5 to about 40 m depth, being most common in 3–25 m depth. It is mostly found in sciaphilous areas of bedrock habitats, mainly on the walls and ceilings of caves, cavities or overhangs. The species has also occasionally been observed or collected below stones, in coralligenous habitats or on coralline grounds (Patzner 1999a; Francour et al. 2010; Kovačicì et al. 2012a; Louisy 2015; Bilecenoğlu 2016; Engin et al. 2018a; Ragkousis et al. 2021). Geographic distribution. Northern Mediterranean, known from the Balearic Islands (Ahnelt et al. 1994; Ahnelt & Patzner 1996) to the Aegean Sea (Kovačić et al. 2011; Gerovasileiou et al. 2015; Bilecenoğlu 2016; Engin et al. 2018; Ragkousis et al. 2021), including France at Marseilles (Scsepka & Ahnelt 1999), Corsica (Francour et al. 2010), French Riviera (Menut et al. 2019), Tyrrhenian Sea, Elba (Ahnelt et al. 1998) and Adriatic Sea (Kovačić et al. 2012b)., Published as part of Kovačić, Marcelo, Renoult, Julien P., Pillon, Roberto, Svensen, Rudolf, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Engin, Semih & Louisy, Patrick, 2022, Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5144 (1) on page 46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5144.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6601561, {"references":["Kolombatovic, G. (1891) Glamoci (Gobii) Spljetskog Pomorskog Okruzja Dalmaciji (In Croatian and Italian). Godisnje Izviesce C. K. Velike Realke u Splitu za Skolsku Godinu, Split, 1890 - 1891, 3 - 29.","Miller, P. J. (1972) Generic status and redescription of the Mediterranean fish Gobius liechtensteini Kolombatovic, 1891 (Teleostei: Gobioidea), and its affinities with certain American and Indo-Pacific gobies. Journal of Natural History, London, 6, 395 - 407. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937200770371","Ahnelt, H., Miller, P. J. & Patzner, R. A. (1994) Systematics and distribution of two rare Mediterranean gobies, Corcyrogobius lichtensteini (Kolombatovic, 1891) and Odondebuenia balearica (Pellegrin & Fage, 1907) (Teleostei: Gobiidae). Cybium, 18 (2), 169 - 176.","Herler, J., Ahnelt, H. & Scsepka, S. (1999 a) Morphologische Untersuchungen an zwei hohlenbewohnenden Meergrundeln (Pisces: Gobiidae) des westlichen Mittelmeeres. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 101 B, 489 - 507.","Louisy, P. (2015) Europe and Mediterranean Marine Fish Identification Guide. 3 rd Edition. Eugen Ulmer Ed., Paris, 512 pp.","Ahnelt, H. & Patzner, R. A. (1996) Kryptobenthische Meergrundeln von den Balearen (Westliches Mittelmeer) mit Anmerkungen zum Unterartstatus von Chromogobius zebratus levanticus. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 98 B, 529 - 544.","Patzner, R. A. (1999 a) Habitat utilization and depth distribution of small cryptobenthic fishes (Blenniidae, Gobiesocidae, Gobiidae, Tripterygiidae) at Ibiza (western Mediterranean Sea). Enviromental Biology of Fishes, 55, 207 - 214. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1007535808710","Francour, P., Bodilis, P., Cottalorda, J. M. & Seytre, C. (2010) Inventaire des Gobiidae dans la Reiserve Naturelle de Scandola (Corse) et aI proximitei de ses limites. Contrat Parc Naturel Reigional de la Corse. Universitei de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, ECOMERS publ., Nice, 1 - 54.","Engin, S., Irmak, E., Seyhan, D., Akdemir, T. & Keskin, A. C. (2018 a) Gobiid fishes of the coastal zone of the Northeastern Aegean Sea. Marine Biodiversity, 48, 1073 - 1084. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 016 - 0550 - x","Ragkousis, M., Digenis, M., Kovacic, M., Katsanevakis, S. & Gerovasileiou, V. (2021) Rarely reported cryptobenthic fish in marine caves of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Journal of Marine Science and Engeneering, 9, 557. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / jmse 9060557","Gerovasileiou, V., Ganias, K., Dailianis, T. & Voultsiadou, E. (2015) Occurrence of some rarely reported fish species in eastern Mediterranean marine caves. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 56, 381 - 387.","Scsepka, S. & Ahnelt, H. (1999) Wiederbeschreibung von Gammogobius steinitzi Bath 1971 sowie ein Erstnachweis von Corcyrogobius liechtensteini (Kolombatovic 1891) fur Frankreich (Pisces, Gobiidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica, 79, 71 - 81.","Menut, T., Beirenger, L., Prat, M. & Rufray, X. (2019) 2016: Bilan d'une anneie d'inventaires ichtyologiques subaquatiques en Meiditerraneie franc ¸ aise. Les cahiers de la fondation Biotope, 25, 1 - 47, Annexe.","Ahnelt, H., Herler, J., Scsepka, S. & Patzner, R. A. (1998) First records of two rare Mediterranean Gobiidae in the northern Tyrrhenian Sea. Cybium, 22, 183 - 186.","Kovacic, M., Sanda, R., Kirincic, M. & Zanella D. (2012 b) Geographic distribution of gobies (Gobiidae) in the Adriatic Sea with thirteen new records for its southern part. Cybium, 36, 435 - 445. https: // doi. org / 10.26028 / cybium / 2012 - 363 - 003"]}

Didogobius schlieweni Miller, 1993 (Fig. 7)—Andromeda Goby Didogobius schlieweni Miller, 1993: 1413, type locality: Adriatic Sea, Croatia, Unije Island, near Cres Island, Croatia. Size. Maximum size about 4.6 cm total length (Ballesta et al. 1998). Morphology. D VI + I,12–13; A I,11; P 17 (Miller 1993; Ballesta et al. 1998). Small goby with elongate body, head depressed and dorsally flattened. Interdorsal space membranous. Caudal peduncle deep, almost as deep as body. Dorsal fins of similar height. The first dorsal fin with more or less rounded margin (second spine the longest but not elongate). Caudal fin rounded. Scales present, small, at best visible on body as pattern of paler dots. Live coloration. Head and body dark brown to purplish with a longitudinal series of 3–6 definite white blotches as large as or larger than eye diameter on dorsal half of body and white transverse band in predorsal area; scattered white dots in variable amount on head and sometimes on body; median fins black, outer margin of dorsal fins and posterior margin of caudal fin with a broad white band (Fig. 7) (Ballesta et al. 1998; Louisy 2015; Le Bris et al. 2019b, 2021). Similar species. Chromogobius quadrivittatus. Habitat. Infralittoral species. Only observed at night among layers of pebbles in rocky gullies or in stony slopes at depths of 1.5–14 m; also observed in Posidonia meadows (Miller 1993; Francour 2008; Kampouris et al. 2019; Le Bris et al. 2019b, 2021; Patzner 2021). Geographic distribution. Mediterranean, with records from the northwestern Mediterranean (Ballesta et al. 1998; Francour 2008; Iglésias et al. 2021b), Adriatic Sea (Miller 1993; Kovačić 2005), and Greece, Aegean Sea (Kampouris et al. 2019)., Published as part of Kovačić, Marcelo, Renoult, Julien P., Pillon, Roberto, Svensen, Rudolf, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Engin, Semih & Louisy, Patrick, 2022, Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5144 (1) on pages 50-52, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5144.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6601561, {"references":["Miller, P. J. (1993) A new species of Didogobius (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from the Adriatic Sea. Journal of Natural History, 26, 1413 - 1419. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939200770791","Ballesta, L., Miller, P. J & Quignard, J. P. (1998) First record of Didogobius schlieweni Miller, 1992 (Gobiidae) in the western Mediterranean Sea. Cybium, 22, 290 - 292.","Louisy, P. (2015) Europe and Mediterranean Marine Fish Identification Guide. 3 rd Edition. Eugen Ulmer Ed., Paris, 512 pp.","Le Bris, S., Pillon, R. & Louisy, P. (2019 b) Signalisation de / Record of Didogobius schlieweni, 15 December 2019 (obs. 19 August 2019, photo 5289). Fish Watch Forum, Louisy, P. & Francour, P. (Ed.). Available from: https: // www. fish-watch. org (accessed 28 September 2021)","Francour, P. (2008) First records of Didogobius splechtnai along the French Mediterranean coast and additional comments about D. schlieweni. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria, 38 (2), 139 - 141. https: // doi. org / 10.3750 / AIP 2008.38.2.09","Kampouris, T., Tiralongo, F. & Batjakas, I. (2019) First record of Didogobius schlieweni Miller (Perciformes, Gobiidae) in Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Aqua (Miradolo Terme), 25, 13 - 16.","Patzner, R. A. (2021) Gobiidae. Available from: http: // www. patzner. sbg. ac. at / Gobiidae / GobiidaeSpecies. htm (accessed 1 October 2021)","Iglesias, S. P., Bariche, M., Beau, F., Berenger, L., Beucher, R., Chabrolle, A., Cottalorda, J. M., Cousin, B., Curd, A., Danet, V., Duhamel, E., Duval, A., Farque, P. A., Goascoz, N., Jadaud, A., Larnaud, P., Le Bouter, M., Le Bras, Y., Le Bris, S., Lombard, L., Louisy, P., Mandine, M., Mas, L., Menut, T., Metral, L., Poussard, P., Quero, J. C., Raybaud, V., Renoult, J. P., Richard, T., Spitz, J., Ternon, Q., Thiriet, P. & Tournier-Broer, R. (2021 b) French Ichthyological Records for 2019. Cybium, 45 (3), 169 - 188. https: // doi. org / 10.26028 / cybium / 2020 - 444 - 001","Kovacic, M. (2005) An annotated checklist of the family Gobiidae in the Adriatic Sea. Annales, Series Historia Naturalis, 15, 1 - 24."]}

Vanderhorstia mertensi Klausewitz, 1974 (Fig. 4)—Mertens’ Shrimpgoby Vanderhorstia mertensi Klausewitz, 1974: 210; type locality: Red Sea, Gulf of Aqaba, Egypt, Marsa Murach. Size. Largest specimen 9.8 cm total length. Morphology. D VI +I,16;A I,17–18; P18. Body slender,its depth 6.2–7.3 in standard length.Head subcylindrical, with short snout and large eyes elevated above dorsal profile. Caudal peduncle deep, but lower than body depth, and short compared to the elongate body shape. First dorsal fin moderately high, the fourth spine the longest, the third to fifth spines filamentous. Pelvic fins united, not reaching anus. Caudal fin lanceolate, longer than head length (Goren 1979). Scales visible on body only from reticulate pigmentation along scale edges, no scales on head and predorsal area. Live coloration. Body pale to grayish blue-green dorsally, most scales with a blackish edge and a yellow spot varying from semicircular to covering most of scale, grading to white on abdomen; yellow-spotted scales grouping anteriorly into vertically elongate yellow blotches; 5 large dark brown spots in a longitudinal row on side of body, some of them diffuse (Fig. 4), the first below first dorsal fin and vertically elongate. A small black spot behind upper end of gill opening, and another of the same size dorsally on opercle. Head and nape with numerous dark-edged yellow spots. First dorsal fin with 2 rows of large yellow-orange spots. Second dorsal and caudal fins with yellow spots basally on membranes. Similar species. Cryptocentrus caeruleopunctatus, C. steinhardti. Habitat. Inhabits silty sand bottom in bays and lagoons at depths of 2–52 m (deepest record from the Mediterranean). Lives in symbiotic association with a snapping shrimp (Alpheus sp.) (Louisy 2015; Louisy et al. 2016; Tiralongo & Pillon 2019). Geographic distribution. Known from the Red Sea to the Gulf of Oman. In the Mediterranean it has been recorded in Greece (Tiralongo & Pillon 2019), Israel (Goren et al. 2013) and Turkey (Bilecenoğlu et al. 2008)., Published as part of Kovačić, Marcelo, Renoult, Julien P., Pillon, Roberto, Svensen, Rudolf, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Engin, Semih & Louisy, Patrick, 2022, Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5144 (1) on pages 87-88, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5144.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6601561, {"references":["Klausewitz, W. (1974) Fische aus dem Roten Meer. 14. Eilatia latruncularia n. gen. n. sp. und Vanderhorstia mertensi n. sp. vom Golf von Aqaba (Pisces: Gobiidae: Gobiinae). Senckenbergiana Biologica, 55 (4 / 6), 205 - 212.","Goren, M. (1979) The Gobiinae of the Red Sea (Pisces: Gobiidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica, 60 (1 / 2), 13 - 64.","Louisy, P. (2015) Europe and Mediterranean Marine Fish Identification Guide. 3 rd Edition. Eugen Ulmer Ed., Paris, 512 pp.","Louisy P., Le Bris S. & Berenger L. (2016) Signalisation de / Record of Vanderhorstia mertensi, 01 September 2016 (obs. 27 September 2010, photo 2574). Fish Watch Forum, Louisy, P. & Francour, P. (Ed.). Available from: https: // www. fishwatch. org (accessed 28 September 2021)","Tiralongo, F. & Pillon, R. (2019) First record of Vanderhorstia mertensi Klausewitz, 1974 from Greek waters: the westernmost record from the Mediterranean Sea. In: Dragicevic et al. New Mediterranean Biodiversity Records (December 2019). Mediterranean Marine Science, 20 (3), 645 - 656. https: // doi. org / 10.12681 / mms. 20913","Goren, M., Stern, N. & Galil, B. S. (2013) Bridging the gap: Mertens' prawn goby Vanderhorstia mertensi Klausewitz, 1974 found in Israel. Biodiversity Records, 6, c 63. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267213000419"]}

Pomatoschistus adriaticus Miller, 1973 (Fig. 62)—Mediterranean Painted Goby Pomatoschistus pictus adriaticus Miller, 1973: 72; type locality: Adriatic Sea, Croatia, Split. Size. Maximum size 5.3 cm total length (Miller 1973). Morphology. D VI + I,8–9; A I,8–9; P 17–19 (Miller 1973). Moderately small goby with subcylindrical body, laterally compressed towards caudal fin, head slightly depressed and moderately large. Snout pointed, moderately large. Eyes dorsolateral, interorbital space narrow. Caudal peduncle deep, but lower than body depth. Dorsal fins of similar height, the first dorsal fin with more or less rounded margin and no elongated spines. Caudal fin rounded. Scales present on body, usually visible on photographs at least dorsally. Predorsal area naked ( Öztürk & Engin 2019). Live coloration. Body pale gray to pale brown with 5 whitish saddles and dark mottled pattern (Fig. 62), the first narrow light saddle, at the origin of first dorsal fin, is followed by 2 broader ones below second dorsal fin, and 2 on caudal peduncle. Body with 5 dark midlateral blotches, sometimes reduced to double black dots, extend from below the above light saddles, the last blotch appearing as a horizontal black mark on caudal-fin base. Cheeks pale gray, with only scattered black dots. A dark patch around upper pectoral-fin base divides in 2 oblique branches over upper and lower opercle and preopercle. Dorsal fins with three horizontal pale brown to pinkish lines (often with rows of black dots) alternating with three whitish to light blue lines. Similar species. Pomatoschistus bathi, P. nanus, P. marmoratus, P. microps. Habitat. Infralittoral species, on coarse sand containing biogenic calcareous fragments and shell gravel with coralline deposits (Öztürk & Engin 2019), sand at 1–20 m depth (Patzner 2021). Geographic distribution. Mediterranean. Known from southern France, the Adriatic Sea and the Sea of Marmara (summarized by Patzner 2021)., Published as part of Kovačić, Marcelo, Renoult, Julien P., Pillon, Roberto, Svensen, Rudolf, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Engin, Semih & Louisy, Patrick, 2022, Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5144 (1) on page 73, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5144.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6601561, {"references":["Miller, P. J. (1973) The identity of Gobius affinis Kolombatovic, with notes on the systematics and biology of Pomatoschistus pictus (Malm). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale ' Giacomo Doria', 79, 53 - 88.","Ozturk, D. S. & Engin, S. (2019) Taxonomic status of the Mediterranean-endemic goby Pomatoschistus adriaticus Miller, 1973 inferred with both morphological and genetic data. Zoology in the Middle East, 65, 142 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 09397140.2019.1580932","Patzner, R. A. (2021) Gobiidae. Available from: http: // www. patzner. sbg. ac. at / Gobiidae / GobiidaeSpecies. htm (accessed 1 October 2021)"]}

Deltentosteus collonianus (Risso, 1820) (Fig. 51)—Toothed Goby Gobius collonianus Risso, 1820: 252; type locality: northwestern Mediterranean Sea, France, Nice. Size. Maximum size 7 cm total length (Miller 1986). Morphology. D VI + I,10–11; A I,10–11; P 17 (Miller 1986; Kovačić & Golani 2007b). Moderately small goby with subcylindrical body, laterally compressed towards caudal fin, head slightly depressed and moderately large. Snout large and pointed. Eyes lateral, interorbital moderately wide. Mouth superior, oblique, tip of lower jaw at horizontal level of pupil. Angle of jaws below rear half of orbit. Predorsal area and nape scaled. Caudal peduncle slender, lower than body. The first dorsal fin higher than the second dorsal fin, no elongated spines, but breeding males with notably enlarged, sail-shaped, first dorsal fin (Fig. 51b) (Louisy 2015; Le Bris et al. 2017; 2019a). Caudal fin truncate to slightly emarginate. Live coloration. Body dorsally mainly brown or beige with 5 pale dorsal saddles, each above a midlateral dark blotch including one at the caudal-fin base (Fig. 51). The saddles on the back generally conspicuous and usually with black anterior and posterior outlines. The midlateral dark blotches of irregular rhomboid to rounded shape, anteriorly about 1/3 of body height. Black mark on caudal-fin base triangular and larger than other midlateral marks. Ventral half of body whitish. The first dorsal fin without dark markings in females; one or two black spots on rear margin in males (Le Bris et al. 2017; 2019a) (Fig. 51). Similar species. Deltentosteus quadrimaculatus, Pomatoschistus adriaticus. Habitat. Infralittoral to circalittoral species, known from 1.5–120 m on soft bottoms and seagrass meadows (Miller 1986; Le Bris et al. 2017; Iglésias et al. 2021b; Patzner 2021). Geographic distribution. Mediterranean and adjacent Atlantic Ocean. D. collonianus is known from the eastern Atlantic coast of Portugal (Miller 1986). In the Mediterranean, it is known from the western basin to the Adriatic Sea (Miller 1986). It was later reported from Levant (Kovačić & Golani 2007b)., Published as part of Kovačić, Marcelo, Renoult, Julien P., Pillon, Roberto, Svensen, Rudolf, Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Engin, Semih & Louisy, Patrick, 2022, Identification of Mediterranean marine gobies (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae) of the continental shelf from photographs of in situ individuals, pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 5144 (1) on pages 49-50, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5144.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6601561, {"references":["Risso, A. (1820) Memoire sur quelques poissons observes dans la mer de Nice. Journal de Physique, de Chimie et d'Histoire Naturelle, 91, 241 - 255.","Kovacic, M. & Golani, D. (2007 b) First record of Papillogobius melanobranchus in the Mediterranean Sea and new data on geographic distributions, bathymetric ranges and morphology of several benthic fishes in the Levant. Cybium, 31 (4), 417 - 425. https: // doi. org / 10.26028 / cybium / 2007 - 314 - 002","Louisy, P. (2015) Europe and Mediterranean Marine Fish Identification Guide. 3 rd Edition. Eugen Ulmer Ed., Paris, 512 pp.","Le Bris, S., Berenger, L. & Louisy, P. (2017) Signalisation de / Record of Deltentosteus collonianus, 12 March 2017 (obs. 31 January 2017, photo 3514). Fish Watch Forum, Louisy, P. & Francour, P. (Ed.). Available from: https: // www. fish-watch. org (accessed 28 September 2021)","Le Bris, S., Pillon, R. & Louisy, P. (2019 a) Signalisation de / Record of Deltentosteus collonianus, 02 March 2019 (obs. 27 February 2019, photo 5152). Fish Watch Forum, Louisy, P. & Francour, P. (Ed.). Available from: https: // www. fish-watch. org (accessed 28 September 2021)","Iglesias, S. P., Bariche, M., Beau, F., Berenger, L., Beucher, R., Chabrolle, A., Cottalorda, J. M., Cousin, B., Curd, A., Danet, V., Duhamel, E., Duval, A., Farque, P. A., Goascoz, N., Jadaud, A., Larnaud, P., Le Bouter, M., Le Bras, Y., Le Bris, S., Lombard, L., Louisy, P., Mandine, M., Mas, L., Menut, T., Metral, L., Poussard, P., Quero, J. C., Raybaud, V., Renoult, J. P., Richard, T., Spitz, J., Ternon, Q., Thiriet, P. & Tournier-Broer, R. (2021 b) French Ichthyological Records for 2019. Cybium, 45 (3), 169 - 188. https: // doi. org / 10.26028 / cybium / 2020 - 444 - 001","Patzner, R. A. (2021) Gobiidae. Available from: http: // www. patzner. sbg. ac. at / Gobiidae / GobiidaeSpecies. htm (accessed 1 October 2021)"]}