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An interferon-inducible gene, 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase-1 (OAS1), plays an essential role in uterine receptivity and conceptus development by controlling cell growth and differentiation in addition to anti-viral activities. As OAS1 gene has not yet been studied in caprine (cp), so present study was designed with the aim to amplify, sequence, characterize and in-silico analyze the coding sequence of the cpOAS1. Further, expression profile of cpOAS1 was performed by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot in the endometrium of pregnant and cyclic does. An 890 bp fragment of the cpOAS1 was amplified and sequenced. Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences revealed 99.6-72.3% identities with that of ruminants and non-ruminants. A constructed phylogenetic tree revealed that Ovis aries and Capra hircus differ from large ungulates. Various post-translational modifications (PTMs), 21 phosphorylation, two sumoylation, eight cysteines and 14 immunogenic sites were found in the cpOAS1. The domain, OAS1&#95;C, is found in the cpOAS1 which carries anti-viral enzymatic activity, cell growth, and differentiation. Among the interacted proteins with cpOAS1, Mx1 and ISG17 well-known proteins are found that have anti-viral activity and play an important role during early pregnancy in ruminants. CpOAS1 protein (42/46 kDa and/or 69/71 kDa) was detected in the endometrium of pregnant and cyclic does. Both cpOAS1 mRNA and protein were expressed maximally (P<0.05) in the endometrium during pregnancy as compared to cyclic does. In conclusion, the cpOAS1 sequence is almost similar in structure and probably in function also to other species along with its higher expression during early pregnancy., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare no conflict of interests and have no financial or personal relationship(s) with other people or organizations which could inappropriately influence the write-up of this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Society for Biology of Reproduction & the Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Myxovirus resistance 1 (Mx1) gene plays an important role in uterine receptivity and conceptus development by creating a strong defense mechanism in the uterine environment. However, the specific role of Mx1 gene is not yet documented in the goat. Therefore, in the present study, full-length coding sequence (CDS) of the Mx1 gene was amplified, sequenced and characterized through various Bioinformatic tools. Temporal expression profile of Mx1 mRNA and protein was also examined by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and western blot, respectively, in the endometrium of cyclic stage (non-pregnant), pregnancy stage I (16-24 days of gestation) and pregnancy stage II (25-40 days of gestation) of caprine (cp). A fragment of the cpMx1 gene, 2144 bp in length, was amplified from complementary DNA (cDNA) with a 1965 bp open reading frame. Coding and deduced amino acid sequences of the cpMx1 were aligned with other species and it exhibited 98.8-81.5 % identities with different species. On phylogenetic analysis, sheep and goat were found belonging to the same clade but differing from large ruminants. The cpMx1 protein possess the conserved signature motif (LPRGTGIVTR) of dynamin superfamily and the tripartite guanosine-5'-triphosphate (GTP) binding motif (GDQSSGKS, DLPG, TKPD) at the N-terminal end, and the leucine zipper motifs at the C-terminal end. Both cpMx1 mRNA and protein were found to be expressed maximally (P < 0.05) in the pregnancy stage I as compared to cyclic stage. It was concluded that the cpMx1 gene shares major structural and probably functional similarities with other species., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

In the present work, the presence and distribution of BMPR1B transcripts in goat reproductive tract to elucidate its possible role in goat reproduction has been studies. Different samples of goat reproductive tract were collected, RNA was isolated and reverse transcribed with oligo (dT)18 primer by RT-PCR. BMPR1B and GAPDH gene expression was studied in all the samples by using PCR. Moreover, semi-quantitative analysis of BMPR1B gene expression in different tissues of Goat reproductive tract was performed using ImageJ software. RT-PCR displayed positive amplification of BMPR1B transcripts in small follicles, large follicles, corpus luteum, endometrium (pregnant and non pregnant) and placenta of goat by the amplification of 305 bp amplicon. With densitometric analysis, it was concluded that BMPR1B gene transcript level increases as the small follicles progresses to large follicular stage and falls to an intermediate level in corpus luteum, suggesting an important role of BMPR1B in ovulation and in luteogenesis (corpus luteum), which seems to be greatly accompanied by changes in the expression pattern of BMPR1B gene. Endometrial expression of this gene in cyclic and pregnant goats suggests that receptor may play role for the changes that take place in endometrium, required for normal uterine function such as successful fertilization, implantation and endometrial gland formation. The study clearly indicated that the normal endometrial/uterine cycle was accompanied by the significant BMP signaling and cycle specific expression of BMPR1B gene in goat reproductive tract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]