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The growing interest in goat milk in our country has required the expansion of research in this species, covering various areas such as nutrition, reproduction, exploitation conditions, milk and meat processing methods, and others. The purpose of this study is to analyze the distribution of goats included in selection works in relation to the total number of goats at national level reported by the National Institute of Statistics, with the following aspects being evidenced: the proportion of goats included in selection works, the distribution by breeds of the number of goats in the genealogical register and their average milk/lactation/breed/region production. The study is of a statistical nature and focuses exclusively on the herds in the Genealogical Register on 31.08.2023, and the results show that the South East Region stands out with an impressive herd of goats, representing 36.16% compared to the Centre Region where, in the selection work, only 2.88% goats are included. The conclusions presented provide a detailed numerical perspective and the potential of each region within the national goat milk scene. These consolidating insights are essential pillars for guiding future strategies and developments in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Saanen goats, specialized in milk production, improved in terms of quantity and quality (protein and fat content), are normally milked for 270-300 days with an annual production of 650-1050 l of milk / lactation and an average protein content of 2.9% and fat content of 3.2%. This study was conducted in the first goat farm in Romania that initiated prolonged lactation of goats. The research was carried out on a batch of primiparous goats, maintained in an intensive exploitation system, which after the first calving were subdivided according to milk production measured for a week. Two batches of 128 goats with a production of 3-4 liters/day and 94 goats with a production of over 4 liters/day were established. By modulating the diet and the light regime, the goats were milked continuously for 690 to 742 days, monitoring the amount of milk, protein and lipid levels on a monthly basis. Along with controlled breeding programs, prolonged lactation contributes to ensuring on the domestic market a continuity in the supply of goat's milk, throughout the year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The benefits of human consumption of goat's milk are given by the presence in this milk of short-chain fatty acids (approximately 20% are short-chain fatty acids) and medium-chain fatty acids (55%), this milk being easier to digest. An important qualitative indicator of goat's milk with technological, nutritional and dietary impact is the fat content. Our data show that the percentage of milk fat increases immediately after parturition, then decreases for most of the lactation. This is due to two factors: a diluting effect, by increasing the volume of milk to the maximum level of lactation and a decreasing effect of lipid mobilization, which leads to a decrease in the plasma level of unesterified fatty acids (especially C18:0 and C18:1), with a role in lipid synthesis in the mammary gland. From the third month of lactation, the average daily amount of milking milk undergoes only slight variations. Also, the fat and protein percentage remain relatively constant during June-August. In summer there was an increase in the levels of monounsaturated, polyunsaturated fatty acids and of conjugated linoleic acids in milk, compared to spring. Our results indicate that multiparous Carpathian breed females, whose food comes mostly from grazing, produce milk during the summer with a ratio between omega-6 and omega-3 below 4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The studies were performed on milk samples collected from 178 Carpathian females belonging to a farm from southeastern Romania. The females were grazed daily, benefiting from natural pasture, specific to the Dobrogea area. Before each milking, 100 g of special granules for goat's milk were administered. After weaning (April), the goats were milked twice a day for 5 months. Milk production control was carried out monthly, after the weaning of the kids, for three consecutive months, starting with May. For this, the amount of milk milked in the morning and in the evening was weighed individually. The computation of the total individual production was calculated by applying the Fleischmann formula in the case of milking the goat after a period of lactation, when the first milking is done after the flat-rate date of the end of lactation. For primiparous, the total individual milk production was between 124.35 kg and 199.76 kg with an average of 164.93 kg/head/day. At multiparous, the average total individual milk production was 168.32Kg. Biochemical parameters (fat, protein, lactose) were analyzed by ultrasonic method in a standardized analyzer for goat's milk. At primiparous, the fat concentration reaches a maximum of 3.12 g% in July, and at multiparous 3.36g% in June. The protein concentration had values between 2.87g and 3.08g% at primiparous and between 2.90g% and 3.22g% at multiparous. The results of our analyzes recorded a maximum of 4.36% for lactose in June for primiparous and 4.58g% for multiparous. The percentage of mineral substances varies between 0.65 g% and 0.67 g% at primiparous and between 0.64 and 0.65 g% at multiparous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the variation of milk production, biochemical composition and milk fatty acid profile according to the lactation stage, on 60 multiparous goats of the Carpathian breed, grown in an extensive system (Dobrogea, southern Romania). The goats were milked twice a day for 8 months, (February to September). Milk yield was recorded monthly and milk samples representative of the two daily milking were analysed for: protein, fat and lactose contents. In addition, fatty acid methyl esters were quantified using a gas chromatograph. The maximum amount of milking milk was recorded at the end of April (1635.23 ± 0.048 g milk/ animal / day) and the smallest milk production was recorded in September (823.14 ± 0.191 g milk / goat / day). The biochemical composition of milk has varied considerably during lactation: in the first and last part of the lactation there was an insignificant increased concentration of its components (fat, protein, lactose, minerals). Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated acids levels increased during the summer months compared to spring months and the saturated fatty acid level decreased during the summer months. The percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids recorded the highest value in August (6.16 mean gFAME / 100g Total FAME), and the lowest value was at the beginning of lactation (4.51 mean gFAME / 100g Total FAME). The data recorded in our study show an increase in CLA (conjugated linolenic acid ) concentration by April (0.85 mean gFAME / 100g Total FAME), when it reaches a maximum, it remains at an increased value until July, followed by an insignificant decrease (0.54 mean gFAME / 100g Total FAME) towards the end of the lactation. A ratio of ω6 / ω3 fatty acids decreased in April under 4, the decrease of this ratio being significant compared to the first 2 months of lactation (p <0 ,05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]