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Background Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is a monogenic insulin-dependent diabetes that develops within 6 months of age. The progression of hyperglycemia until diagnosis is unknown. Glycemic control indicators at diagnosis are useful to estimate the extent and duration of hyperglycemia. We recently established that age-adjusted glycated albumin (GA) is a useful indicator of glycemic control, regardless of age. Objective To compare the levels of various glycemic control indicators at diagnosis between NDM and other types of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Patients and Methods We included 8 patients with NDM, 8 with fulminant type 1 diabetes (FT1D), and 24 with acute-onset autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1AD). Plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), GA, and age-adjusted GA (calculated as previously reported) were measured and compared. Results There were no significant differences in the plasma glucose levels of the group of patients with NDM and those with FT1D or T1AD. HbA1c and GA levels in the NDM group were not significantly different from those in the FT1D group, and both indicators were lower than those in the T1AD group. Age-adjusted GA levels in the NDM group did not differ significantly from those in the T1AD group, but were higher than those in the FT1D group. Conclusions These findings suggest that the time-course of plasma glucose elevation in NDM until diagnosis is similar to that in T1AD. In addition, the high age-adjusted GA value at diagnosis of NDM indicates that this test is useful for assessing chronic hyperglycemia in NDM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on level of glycated albumin (GA) in non-diabetic subjects of different age groups. Increase in GA levels in an age-dependent manner in infancy is discussed. It involves the study of GA levels of 376 non-diabetic subjects and establishes a relationship between GA and logarithmically transformed age. A formula is devised to use the adult reference range as a potential for treatment monitoring of diabetic patients regardless of age.

Background As the presence of fetal hemoglobin ( HbF) affects the accuracy of hemoglobin A1c ( HbA1c) analysis methods, HbA1c measurement may not be a good indicator for patients with neonatal diabetes mellitus, whereas glycated albumin ( GA) may be a good indicator. Objective To investigate whether total glycated hemoglobin ( GHb) or HbF-adjusted HbA1c (adj- HbA1c) can act as a glycemic control marker in infants. Subjects and Methods Plasma glucose ( PG), GA, HbF, GHb measured using the affinity method, and HbA1c measured using the latex-immunoturbidimetry ( LA) or the high-performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC) methods were determined in 26 full-term newborn infants aged 4-234 d. Adj- HbA1c was calculated as HbA1c/(total Hb − HbF). Results GHb, adj- HbA1c measured using the LA and the HPLC methods were 4.8 ± 0.5%, 4.5 ± 0.5%, and 4.7 ± 0.6%, respectively. GA was most positively correlated with PG (r = 0.696, p < 0.0001). GHb was positively correlated with both PG (r = 0.479, p = 0.013) and GA (r = 0.727, p < 0.0001). Adj- HbA1c measured using the LA method was positively correlated with GA (r = 0.465, p = 0.017), but not PG (r = 0.304, p = 0.132). Adj- HbA1c measured using the HPLC method was correlated with neither PG (r = −0.077, p = 0.710) nor GA (r = 0.360, p = 0.071). Conclusions GHb measured using the affinity method may be a useful glycemic control marker in infants. Although adj- HbA1c measured using the LA method was correlated with GA, it may not be a practical measure because it was not correlated with PG and determining HbF levels using HPLC method can be troublesome. Adj- HbA1c measured using the HPLC method should not be used as a glycemic marker in infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Both HbA1c and glycated albumin (GA) values are influenced by weighted mean of preceding blood glucose levels depending on each half-life. Based on this principle, we developed formulas for calculation of HbA1c and GA using data from self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG). We also calculated HbA1c and GA in diabetic patients using the developed formulas. Methods: This study included 9 patients with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus (6 males and 3 females; aged 11.4±4.2y). From the weekly mean blood glucose (MBG) values obtained by the SMBG data during the previous 20weeks, we calculated HbA1c and GA using the developed formulas and compared the calculated values with the measured values (n=42). Results: The measured and the calculated values of HbA1c were 8.5±0.9% and 8.3±1.2%, respectively. The measured and the calculated values of GA were 24.9±3.7% and 26.4±4.0%, respectively. There were strong positive correlations between both values of HbA1c and GA (P<0.0001). Conclusions: The calculated HbA1c and GA values using the developed formulas from the SMBG data were generally in agreement with the measured values. Using the calculation formulas, the values of HbA1c and GA could be estimated from serially measured SMBG data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]