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Six undescribed compounds, including three phenolic glycosides (1-3) and three indole alkaloids (4-6), together with ten known alkaloids (7-16) and three known phenolic glycosides (17-19), were isolated from 70% EtOH aqueous extracts of the roots and rhizomes of Clematis chinensis Osbeck. The structures were elucidated by NMR, HRESIMS and X-ray diffraction spectroscopies. The anti-inflammatory activity of these compounds was evaluated, and twelve compounds showed significant inhibitory activity against TNF-α with an inhibition ratio from 47.87% to 94.70% at a dose of 10 μM. Compound 7 exhibited significant inhibitory activity against TNF-α and IL-6 with IC 50 values of 3.99 μM and 2.24 μM, respectively. Compound 8 displayed potent anti-inflammatory activity against mouse ear edema induced by croton oil. A mechanistic study suggested that compounds 7 and 8 decreased the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway to reduce the secretion of inflammatory factors in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Three new glycosides ( 1 - 3 ) and 15 known ones ( 4 - 18 ) were isolated and identified from the fruits of Nicandra physaloides . The structures of these compounds were established by 1D and 2D NMR spectra and HR-ESI-MS. The compounds ( 4 - 18 ) were the first time isolated from the Nicandra genus and they (except 8 , 10 , 14 ) exhibited inhibitions on the NO release of LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells with IC 50 values from 26.9 to 47.5 μM., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.