1. Cardiovascular effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists: from mechanistic studies in humans to clinical outcomes.
- Author
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Heuvelman VD, Van Raalte DH, and Smits MM
- Subjects
- Animals, Biomarkers blood, Blood Glucose metabolism, Cardiovascular Diseases epidemiology, Cardiovascular Diseases metabolism, Cardiovascular Diseases physiopathology, Cardiovascular System metabolism, Cardiovascular System physiopathology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 blood, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 epidemiology, Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor metabolism, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents adverse effects, Incretins adverse effects, Risk Factors, Signal Transduction, Treatment Outcome, Blood Glucose drug effects, Cardiovascular Diseases prevention & control, Cardiovascular System drug effects, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 drug therapy, Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor agonists, Hypoglycemic Agents therapeutic use, Incretins therapeutic use
- Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is currently one of the most prevalent diseases, with as many as 415 million patients worldwide. T2DM is characterized by elevated blood glucose levels and is often accompanied by several comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease. Treatment of T2DM is focused on reducing glucose levels by either lifestyle changes or medical treatment. One treatment option for T2DM is based on the gut-derived hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). GLP-1 reduces blood glucose levels by stimulating insulin secretion, however, it is rapidly degraded, and thereby losing its glycaemic effect. GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are immune to degradation, prolonging the glycaemic effect. Lately, GLP-1RAs have spiked the interest of researchers and clinicians due to their beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease. Preclinical and clinical data have demonstrated that GLP-1 receptors are abundantly present in the heart and that stimulation of these receptors by GLP-1 has several effects. In this review, we will discuss the effects of GLP-1RA on heart rate, blood pressure, microvascular function, lipids, and inflammation, as measured in human mechanistic studies, and suggest how these effects may translate into the improved cardiovascular outcomes as demonstrated in several trials., (Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author(s) 2019. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2020
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