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6 results on '"Benjamin Elie"'

1. Acoustic impact of the gradual glottal abduction on the production of fricatives: A numerical study

Author

Benjamin Elie, Yves Laprie, Speech Modeling for Facilitating Oral-Based Communication (MULTISPEECH), Inria Nancy - Grand Est, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Department of Natural Language Processing & Knowledge Discovery (LORIA - NLPKD), Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR ArtSpeech, and ANR-15-CE23-0024,ArtSpeech,Synthèse Articulatoire Phonétique(2015)

Subjects
PACS numbers: 4370Bk, Glottis, Speech production, Sound Spectrography, Acoustics and Ultrasonics, Place of articulation, Acoustics, Models, Biological, 01 natural sciences, Signal, Fricative, Speech Acoustics, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Phonation, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Phonetics, 0103 physical sciences, medicine, Humans, 030223 otorhinolaryngology, 010301 acoustics, Physics, Glottal chink, Acoustic wave, [PHYS.MECA.ACOU]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], Noise, medicine.anatomical_structure, Computer Science::Sound, Vocal folds, Voice, Vocal tract
Abstract

International audience; The paper presents a numerical study about the acoustic impact of the glottal chink opening on the production of fricatives. Sustained fricatives are simulated by using classic lumped circuit element methods to compute the propagation of the acoustic wave along the vocal tract. A recent glottis model is connected to the wave solver to simulate a partial abduction of the vocal folds during their self-oscillating cycles. Area functions of fricatives at the three places of articulation of French (palato-alveolar, alveolar, and labiodental) have been extracted from static MRI acquisitions. Simulations highlight the existence of three distinct regimes, named A, B, and C, depending on the chink opening. They are characterized by the frication noise level: A exhibits a low frication noise level, B is a mixed noise/voice signal, and C contains only frication noise. They have significant impacts on the first spectral moments. Boundaries of these regimes are defined in terms of minimal abduction of the vocal folds, and simulations show that they depend on articulatory and glottal configurations. Regime B is shown to be unstable: it requires very specific configurations in comparison with other regimes, and acoustic features are very sensitive in this regime.

Published
2017
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2. Glottal Opening and Strategies of Production of Fricatives

Author

Benjamin Elie, Yves Laprie, Speech Modeling for Facilitating Oral-Based Communication (MULTISPEECH), Inria Nancy - Grand Est, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Department of Natural Language Processing & Knowledge Discovery (LORIA - NLPKD), Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-15-CE23-0024,ArtSpeech,Synthèse Articulatoire Phonétique(2015), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)

Subjects
Glottal chink, Glottis, Computer science, Speech recognition, 05 social sciences, Phonetics, Contrast (music), Voicing, Fricative, 050105 experimental psychology, [PHYS.MECA.ACOU]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], 030507 speech-language pathology & audiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Noise, medicine.anatomical_structure, medicine, Voice, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 0305 other medical science
Abstract

International audience; This work investigates the influence of the gradual opening of the glottis along its length during the production of fricatives in intervocalic contexts. Acoustic simulations reveal the existence of a transient zone in the articulatory space where the frica-tion noise level is very sensitive to small perturbations of the glottal opening. This corresponds to the configurations where both frication noise and voiced contributions are present in the speech signal. To avoid this unstability, speakers may adopt different strategies to ensure the voiced/voiceless contrast of frica-tives. This is evidenced by experimental data of simultaneous glottal opening measurements, performed with ePGG, and audio recordings of vowel-fricative-vowel pseudowords. Voice-less fricatives are usually longer, in order to maximize the number of voiceless time frames over voiced frames due to the crossing of the transient regime. For voiced fricatives, the speaker may avoid the unstable regime by keeping low frication noise level, and thus by favoring the voicing characteristic, or by doing very short crossings into the unstable regime. It is also shown that when speakers are asked to sustain voiced fricatives longer than in natural speech, they adopt the strategy of keeping low frication noise level to avoid the unstable regime.

Published
2017
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3. Simulating alveolar trills using a two-mass model of the tongue tip

Author

Yves Laprie, Benjamin Elie, Speech Modeling for Facilitating Oral-Based Communication (MULTISPEECH), Inria Nancy - Grand Est, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Department of Natural Language Processing & Knowledge Discovery (LORIA - NLPKD), Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-15-CE23-0024,ArtSpeech,Synthèse Articulatoire Phonétique(2015), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)

Subjects
Articulatory synthesis, Adult, Male, Models, Anatomic, Palate, Hard, Glottis, Sound Spectrography, Acoustics and Ultrasonics, Bioacoustics, Acoustics, Movement, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine, 01 natural sciences, 030507 speech-language pathology & audiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Phonation, Tongue, 0103 physical sciences, medicine, Two-mass model, Humans, Computer Simulation, 010301 acoustics, Alveolar trills, Models, Theoretical, respiratory system, PACS: 43.70.Bk, 43.72.Ja, Biomechanical Phenomena, [PHYS.MECA.ACOU]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], Tongue tip, medicine.anatomical_structure, Voice, Two mass model, 0305 other medical science, Geology, Vocal tract
Abstract

International audience; This paper investigates the possibility of reproducing the self-sustained oscillation of the tongue tip in alveolar trills. The interest is to study the articulatory and phonatory configurations that are required to produce alveolar trills. Using a realistic geometry of the vocal tract, derived from cineMRI data of a real speaker, the paper studies the mechanical behavior of a lumped two-mass model of the tongue tip. Then, the paper proposes a solution to simulate the incomplete occlusion of the vocal tract during linguopalatal contacts by adding a lateral acoustic waveguide. Finally, the simulation framework is used to study the impact of a set of parameters on the characteristic features of the produced alveolar trills. It shows that the production of trills is favored when the distance between the equilibrium position of the tongue tip and the hard palate in the alveolar zone is less than 1 mm, but without linguopalatal contact, and when the glottis is fully adducted.

Published
2017
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4. Extension of the single-matrix formulation of the vocal tract: consideration of bilateral channels and connection of self-oscillating models of the vocal folds with a glottal chink

Author

Benjamin Elie, Yves Laprie, Speech Modeling for Facilitating Oral-Based Communication (MULTISPEECH), Inria Nancy - Grand Est, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Department of Natural Language Processing & Knowledge Discovery (LORIA - NLPKD), Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Projet ANR, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Linguistics and Language, Glottis, Speech recognition, Acoustics, Lateral consonants, Speech synthesis, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, Transfer function, Language and Linguistics, 030507 speech-language pathology & audiology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0103 physical sciences, medicine, Waveform, 010301 acoustics, Physics, Glottal chink, Communication, Vocal folds, Antiresonance, Computer Science Applications, [PHYS.MECA.ACOU]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], medicine.anatomical_structure, Amplitude, Modeling and Simulation, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 0305 other medical science, computer, Software, Vocal tract
Abstract

International audience; The paper presents extensions of the single-matrix formulation (Mokhtari et al., 2008, Speech Comm. 50(3) 179 – 190) that enable self-oscillation models of vocal folds, including glottal chink, to be connected to the vocal tract. They also integrate the case of a local division of the main air path into two lateral channels, as it may occur during the production of lateral consonants. Provided extensions are detailed by a reformulation of the acoustic conditions at the glottis, and at the upstream and downstream connections of bilateral channels. The simulation framework is validated through numerical simulations. The introduction of an antiresonance in the transfer function due to the presence of asymmetric bilateral channels is confirmed by the simulations. The frequency of the antiresonance agrees with the theoretical predictions. Simulations of static vowels reveal that the behavior of the vocal folds is qualitatively similar whether they are connected to the single-matrix formulation or to the classic reflection-type line analog model. Finally, the acoustic effect of the glottal chink on the production of vowels is highlighted by the simulations: the shortening of the vibrating part of the vocal folds lowers the amplitude of the glottal flow, and therefore lowers the global acoustic level radiated at the lips. It also introduces an offset in the glottal flow waveform.

Published
2016
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5. Copy-synthesis of phrase-level utterances

Author

Benjamin Elie and Yves Laprie

Subjects
Glottis, Phrase, Computer science, Speech recognition, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Branching (linguistics), Sound recording and reproduction, medicine.anatomical_structure, Vocal folds, 0103 physical sciences, Acoustic propagation, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, medicine, 010301 acoustics, Vocal tract
Abstract

This paper presents a simulation framework for synthesizing speech from anatomically realistic data of the vocal tract. The acoustic propagation paradigm is appropriately chosen so that it can deal with complex geometries and a time-varying length of the vocal tract. The glottal source model designed in this paper allows partial closure of the glottis by branching a posterior chink in parallel to a classic lumped mass-spring model of the vocal folds. Temporal scenarios for the dynamic shapes of the vocal tract and the glottal configurations may be derived from the simultaneous acquisition of X-ray images and audio recording. Copy synthesis of a few French sentences shows the accuracy of the simulation framework to reproduce acoustic cues of natural phrase-level utterances containing most of French natural classes while considering the real geometric shape of the speaker.

Published
2016
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6. A glottal chink model for the synthesis of voiced fricatives

Author

Benjamin Elie, Yves Laprie, Speech Modeling for Facilitating Oral-Based Communication (MULTISPEECH), Inria Nancy - Grand Est, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Department of Natural Language Processing & Knowledge Discovery (LORIA - NLPKD), Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL), IEEE, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Elie, Benjamin

Subjects
Articulatory synthesis, Glottal chink, Glottis, Computer science, Speech recognition, Vocal folds, Speech synthesis, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, [PHYS.MECA.ACOU]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], Index Terms: Articulatory synthesis, 030507 speech-language pathology & audiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Noise, medicine.anatomical_structure, Voiced fricatives, 0103 physical sciences, medicine, [PHYS.MECA.ACOU] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], 0305 other medical science, 010301 acoustics, computer
Abstract

International audience; This paper presents a simulation framework that enables a glottal chink model to be integrated into a time-domain continuous speech synthesizer along with self-oscillating vocal folds. The glottis is then made up of two main separated components: a self-oscillating part and a constantly open chink. This feature allows the simulation of voiced fricatives, thanks to a self-oscillating model of the vocal folds to generate the voiced source, and the glottal opening that is necessary to generate the frication noise. Numerical simulations show the accuracy of the model to simulate voiced fricative, and also phonetic assimilation, such as sonorization and devoicing. The simulation framework is also used to show that the phonatory/articulatory space for generating voiced fricatives is different according to the desired sound: for instance, the minimal glottal opening for generating frica-tion noise is shorter for /z/ than for /Z/.

Published
2016
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