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I examine the response of Saudi Arabia's military spending to a positive shock in Iran's economic globalization index. Using vector autoregression (VAR)-based impulse response functions with data from 1990 to 2020 and controlling for other key economic and demographic indicators, I find a negative and statistically significant response of Saudi Arabia's military spending to a positive shock in Iran's economic integration in the global markets. I also observe a similar decreasing response of Saudi Arabia's military spending following a positive shock in Iran's political globalization index. However, I do not find such negative and significant response for positive shocks in other components of Iran's globalization, such as in the social and cultural aspects. Finally, I do not observe a significant positive response from either country's military spending to a positive shock in the other's military spending, suggesting that the military budgeting of either country is not strictly interconnected. In early 2023, both countries reached an agreement to reactivate their political relationship, promising a decrease in regional tension and a favorable outlook for the potential easing of economic sanctions on Iran. This may result in a significant peace dividend, especially for Saudi Arabia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globalization is a defining feature of the contemporary world, and its impact on economic growth has been extensively researched. However, the relationship between globalization and economic development, particularly for developing countries, is still heatedly debated. Empirical studies are scarce, and some of them are based on outdated data or have a limited geographical scope. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the impact of globalization on the economic development of 134 developing countries from 2000 to 2019. The results obtained through a fixed effects model confirm that regardless of the proxy used, such as the KOF Globalization Index and its three subdimensions, globalization has a positive relationship with economic development measured by the Human Development Index (HDI). Results also highlight other factors that affect HDI, such as GDP and infant mortality rate. These findings provide valuable insights into the impact of globalization on economic development in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the contemporary issues in the global environment is how countries' and regions' interactions benefit economic agents, especially in developing countries where poverty prevails. Over the years, globalization has continued to increase, mainly as a result of differences in resources and technology, but how it affects the poor has remained one of the central issues in international economics. In this paper, we thus developed a Globalization-Growth-Poverty (GGP) triangular nexus to provide an answer to whether globalization and growth can help India achieve Goal 1 of sustainable development. The cointegration approach was used, and our result validates the globalization-led growth hypothesis and shows interconnectedness among globalization, economic growth, and poverty, which confirms the GGP triangular nexus. Our results further show that growth and globalization have a positive near future impact on poverty in India. Thus, the results suggest to the government and policymakers that the achievement of poverty reduction and sustainable development in India can be realized with sustained economic growth and increased globalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geopolitical rivalry has intensified to a degree not seen since the Cold War. The US and China have embraced interventionist state-capitalist practices in competing attempts to gain control over the transnational networks that underpin globalization. As a result, multinational corporations (MNCs) are exposed to unprecedented levels of geopolitical risk. Most MNCs are responding in one of two ways. Some hedge and try to remain aloof from the US–China rivalry, while others align with the geostrategic objective of states in order to secure patronage (e.g. subsidies and public contracts). If MNCs maintain global production networks bridging the US–China divide they will attenuate the fragmentation of the global economy. Alternatively, if MNCs align with states’ geostrategic objectives, they will accelerate economic fragmentation. We conclude that this emergent meta-context and MNC risk mitigation strategies are shaping what we refer to as geostrategic globalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study employs the two‐stage difference‐in‐differences (2sDiD) estimator to investigate the causal effect of economic sanctions on political stability. It contributes to existing research by (1) re‐evaluating sanctions' impacts on political stability using newly introduced causal inference methods, and (2) distinguishing the effects of sanctions across various political regimes and economic globalisation levels. The article argues that economic sanctions create economic hardships for the target population, leading to public frustration toward their governments, which stimulates political mobilisation and thereby decreases the country's political stability. However, sanctions hurt democracies more than autocracies because autocratic regimes can suppress public dissent through repression and citizens face higher costs for opposition. Moreover, economic globalisation offers targets alternatives to sanctioned products and services, potentially weakening sanctions thus damaging political stability more in low‐globalised than in high‐globalised countries. Empirical findings from 9230 country‐year observations between 1949 and 2022 largely align with the theoretical predictions, showing that economic sanctions undermine the target's political stability, with these destabilising effects contingent upon its political regime and economic globalisation levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Economic nationalism has been on the rise for the past two decades. Scholars have also noted the shift away from globalization and deregulation toward a more prominent role of the state in the economy. I explore the role played by populist governments in the increased adoption of economic nationalism and in this return of the state. I argue that the populist worldview lends itself naturally to a consolidation of power—not just political, but also economic. This consolidation of economic power results in a more prominent state even in countries where the populist regime is a right‐leaning one. Methods: I test this argument quantitatively by analyzing governments in 30 European countries since 1990, levels of state ownership in the economy, and a battery of economic and political controls. Results: The election of a populist government is associated with a strengthening of state ownership in the economy. Conclusion: I conclude with a discussion of the prospects for the future study of this populist economic agenda both domestically and internationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study provides a first empirical test of Margaret Canovan's influential argument on the relationship between democracy and populism, which posits that populism emerges as a consequence of the unresolved conflict between the pragmatic and redemptive faces of democracy. Despite its impact on scholars of populism, the implications of her framework remain untested. Using data from the EVS/WVS Integrated Values Surveys, we test Canovan's claims about the effect of 'pragmatic politics' on support for populist parties, operationalized as consensual democracies, economic and political globalization, and checks on government. Our analyses predominantly reveal no significant effects, and where significant results are observed, they indicate directions contrary to Canovan's claims, thus providing no empirical support for her claims. These results challenge long-standing assumptions about the relationship between populism and democracy, urging scholars to reevaluate existing assumptions and explore this intricate connection further. We conclude by suggesting some directions for future research to deepen our understanding of populism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although globalization is widely credited for unprecedented global economic growth, it also bears responsibility for climate change. Today, the primary emphasis of contemporary research is to find ways that help to reduce climate change adversaries without compromising the globalization-led economic development agenda. Thus, this study takes the case of 12 emerging economies selected based on their emissions profile and vulnerability to climate change. Covering annual data from 1972 to 2018, this study accounts for globalization's economic, social, and political aspects and empirically tests their relationship with carbon footprints and energy demand in the panel countries. The results confirm the long-run equilibrium relationship among all the underlying variables and find that economic globalization significantly contributes to energy demand and carbon emissions. However, such an effect can be overcome through social globalization. Whereas political globalization reduces the energy demand but spurs carbon emissions. Our results rule out the ant-globalization narrative and support pro-globalization chronicles for sustainable development policy agenda in emerging economies. We suggest that the emerging countries that are mainly facing the decision dilemma to choose between sustainable economic growth and a sustainable environment, are better off if they equally integrate socially and politically with the global economy. Moreover, the model is checked for robustness using FMOLS and found validated. It warrants that the results are appropriate for policy control use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past three decades, there has been a significant increase in information and communication technology (ICT) investments around the world, resulting in a rise in the use of modern ICT packages. Sub‐Saharan African (SSA) countries, however, face different challenges. This study examines the relationship between ICT diffusion, foreign direct investment (FDI), trade openness, and economic globalization on inclusive growth for 48 SSA countries during 2005–2020. We use the modified generalized method of moments method for estimation. Empirical results reveal that ICT has a positive and significant influence on inclusive growth, while trade and economic globalization have a negative impact. FDI, on the other hand, has a favorable and considerable effect on inclusive growth. Inflation and vulnerable employment have negative impacts on inclusive growth, whereas social protection has a positive impact. From a policy standpoint, it is recommended that policymakers focus on enhancing ICT penetration in the region, particularly integrating ICT into the educational system to improve learning effectiveness and reduce research costs. Additionally, the interaction between economic globalization and ICT diffusion can enhance inclusive growth. Therefore, macroeconomic policies should promote ICT development, implement sound trade agreements, and attract capital inflows for inclusive economic growth. ICT diffusion is deemed both necessary and sufficient for SSA's advancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We notice that our society has been going through a series of radical transformations for some time that leave their mark in all areas of life: the accelerated pace of innovation through the development of technology, the digitalization of services, the economic changes that lead to the redistribution of the poles of well-being, competitiveness and opportunity among the workforce work, reducing the amount of available resources and increasing the struggle for the already existing ones, including in the labor market. These forces, which until now seemed to draw new patterns only at the macro, business level, are increasingly felt at the individual level as well. And this is how, in the midst of the digital revolution, managers are also challenged to continuous change. We are thus witnessing the emergence of a new type of manager, in which his role as a leader leaves the sphere of the discourses of capitalist organizations, entering also into the personal plane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the world's developed countries have negative consequences of unbalanced economic growth and environmental sustainability. The current study contributes to the literature by investigating the impacts of sub‐indices of globalization, renewable energy, and economic growth on CO2 emissions in G‐7 countries of United Kingdom, United States, Japan, Canada, France, Italy, and Germany. The article demonstrates the correlation between numerous variables in the G‐7 countries between 1990 and 2020, including GDP per capita growth, CO2 emissions, globalization, and renewable and non‐renewable energy. The Pooled Mean Group (PMG) technique performs significant tests for cross‐sectional dependence, panel unit root, co‐integration, and descriptive statistics. The study results show that environmental pollution rises with economic growth and falls in the presence of renewable energy sources. Renewable energy use, political globalization, and economic globalization lower environmental harm. From the finding, we indicate that we reduce the environmental pollution in the given countries by lowering or raising the factor affecting the country. A globe map was used in the current study to assign the G‐7 nations. Based on the findings, we addressed several policy initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of URVIO - Revista Latinoamericana de Seguridad Ciudadana is the property of FLACSO - Ecuador (Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Art & Interpretation / Sanat ve Yorum is the property of Ataturk University Coordinatorship of Scientific Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study empirically examines whether economic globalization reduces (enhances) the level of poverty in the top (bottom) globalized region by controlling economic growth, urbanization, government expenditure, and public expenditure on education. This issue has taken Europe and Central Asia (ECA) as the top (16) and South Asia (SA) as the bottom (7) economic globalized developing region for the empirical analysis for the period of 1991-2020. Two empirical models, non-linear ARDL and PMG-ARDL, estimate the impact of globalization (trade and financial openness) and education on poverty. This study also segregates economic globalization into de jure and de facto to critically analyze the impact on poverty reduction. The long-run results suggest that economic globalization has a negative (positive) effect on poverty in the top (bottom) globalized region. Apart from globalization, primary education is insufficient for reducing poverty in the ECA region, while primary education is enough to reduce poverty in the SA region. After replacing economic globalization with trade and financial openness, the results reveal that more trade openness is difficult for reducing poverty in top globalized developing countries. On the contrary, financial openness reduces (enhances) poverty in the top (bottom) globalized region. Additionally, the impact of de jure and de facto economic globalization are similar throughout the regions. The effects of control variables are mixed in nature. From a policy perspective, the government of these two regions should use education as a weapon to lower poverty vulnerability by improving its quality and giving extensive focus on trade and financial openness to find out the leakage of the financial flows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many variables affect well-being, one of which is globalization. Globalization has many dimensions and layers, among which economic, social and political dimensions are of special importance. In this research, KOF globalization index is used. This index consists of three economic, social and political dimensions and each dimension has two De Facto and De Jure components. In this study, economic well-being was first calculated with the composite index of well-being. Then, in the form of four model, the impact of each of the dimensions of globalization and their components on Iran's economic well-being was investigated and tested in the period of 1979-2020 with using the ARDL model. The long run results indicate that all three dimensions of globalization (economic, political and social) have a positive effect on economic well-being. Both De Facto and De Jure components of economic and political globalization have a positive effect on economic well-being. Although De Jure component of social globalization has a positive effect on economic well-being, but its De Facto does not have a significant effect on economic wellbeing. Another finding is that economic growth and real GDP per capita have a positive effect and inflation has a negative effect on economic well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Politics in Latin America is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The contemporary business environment presents numerous challenges for Human Resource Management (HRM). These include globalization, economic and legal environment changes, workforce diversity, technological advancements, and evolving employee expectations. This study aims to identify these challenges, explore strategies to address them, and assess their impact on employees and employers. Utilizing hypothesis testing and statistical analysis, this research provides insights into the significant issues HR managers face and offers solutions to navigate the complexities of modern HRM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses panel data over the 2006 - 2019 periods, a modified endogenous growth equation, and a dynamic panel estimator to investigate the impact of globalization on economic growth in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, and how the fragility of SSA countries is influencing this impact. Utilizing a two-step System GMM, the findings of the study show that globalization had a significant positive impact on economic growth, while the impact of state fragility is negative and significant. In examining the role of state fragility, as a moderator, in the globalization-economic growth nexus, the findings reveal that the interactive effect of state fragility and globalization on economic growth is negative and statistically significant. This suggests that state fragility interacts with globalization to weaken the impact of the latter on economic growth. The study therefore recommend that there is the urgent need for decision makers in SSA to chart a new course towards ending the incessant instability associated with the zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globalization is a broad phenomenon of economic, social, linguistic and cultural nature that has been going on for centuries, although some specialists emphasize the economic side of this "mammoth" phenomenon, considering that it's most visible effects were not visible until after the 1980s. The 21st century is characterised by wide-ranging changes at the social level - an almost obsessive focus on digitalisation, including of administrations, the expansion of Asian markets, the loss of the main power pole of the USA, and above all the two belligerent situations at the European level, Russia-Ukraine and the war in Israel. In all this context, globalization has taken on new aspects which this article seeks to expose and analyse, without claiming to be an exhaustive study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the impact of economic, political, and social dimensions of globalization on GDP growth in 18 Eastern European countries from 1999 to 2019. Using a Fixed Effects (FE) model with quadratic terms, it captures both linear and nonlinear relationships, with a notable finding of a U-shaped relationship between Trade De Jure Globalization and GDP growth. This suggests that while early stages of trade policy liberalization may reduce growth, significant gains emerge at higher integration levels. The analysis reveals that, although trade activities contribute positively to GDP growth, financial integration appears to exert downward pressure, potentially reflecting the challenges Eastern European economies face in adjusting to financial liberalization. These results underscore the complexity of globalization's effects on economic performance in the region and the importance of considering both the nature and depth of globalization when formulating policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Education, Technology & Society (BRAJETS) / Cadernos de Educação Tecnologia e Sociedade (CETS) is the property of Brazilian Journal of Education, Technology & Society - BRAJETS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in global interaction between nations, which has positive and negative impacts on environmental health. To better understand the effects of globalization on carbon emissions in Indonesia, the study adopted auto-regressive distributed lag approach to analyze the long-term and short-term relationships among variables and the vector error correction method to find the causal interaction among variables from 1990 to 2020. The study revealed that economic globalization positively impacts on CO2 emissions, while social globalization mitigates environmental degradation. However, political globalization and human capital does not appear to affect CO2 emissions significantly. Furthermore, we found that energy consumption and economic growth contribute to increased emissions. The study also observed the environmental Kuznet curve decreases environmental deterioration and increases environmental sustainability in the region. Therefore, our results suggest that Indonesia should carefully regulate trade openness and foreign direct investment to minimize its negative environmental impact. Additionally, we recommend encouraging the social aspects of globalization to help mitigate CO2 emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate theoretically and empirically the effect of globalisation on informality. We use a model with two identical countries. Firms in each country choose to be formal or informal. Relative to an informal firm, a formal one produces a good of higher quality and pays social contributions on each worker. We determine the effect of globalisation on the size and the share of informality from the comparison of Autarky and Full Integration scenarios. We prove that for a given quality gap between formal and informal products, (i) globalisation increases the size of informality for low and high levels of social contributions but decreases it for intermediate ones; (ii) globalisation increases the share of informality for low social contributions and decreases it for high social contributions. The turning points depend increasingly on the quality gap. We then test these theoretical results by relying on the well‐informed data available for Latin‐American countries and using the economic sector as a proxy for the quality gap between a formal and an informal firm. Our empirical results are highly consistent with the theoretical model. In terms of policy implications, they show that globalisation may be used by the states together with modulated social contributions so as to reduce informality, but not for all economic sectors simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studying environmental quality is essential for promoting sustainable development and ensuring a healthy and prosperous future for all, as it directly affects human health, well‐being, and quality of life. This paper looks at how globalisation, remittances, human capital, foreign direct investment, and financial growth affect carbon dioxide emissions in landlocked African countries from 1980 to 2018. The study looks at the elasticities between study factors by using second‐generation tests, as well as Continuously‐updated and Fully Modified (Cup‐FM) and Continuously‐updated and Bias‐Corrected (Cup‐BC) tests. The results show that remittances, human capital, natural resources, and income growth all make the environment worse by increasing CO2 emissions, whilst globalisation, foreign direct investment, and financial development all make it better by reducing emissions. The panel causality analysis shows that there are two ways in which transfers and CO2 emissions cause each other, but only one way in which CO2 emissions cause globalisation. Globalisation should be implemented sustainably to avoid irreversible long‐term environmental impacts that deprive future generations of the chance to prosper or maintain their quality of life. It should also empower people and reduce inequality in landlocked countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Interventions Économiques is the property of Association d'Economie Politique and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Central Asian Economic Review is the property of Narxoz University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study examines the causal relationship between informality and globalisation in 30 African countries. It deviates from traditional research by adopting a bi-directional framework to address reverse causality. By applying the DH causality method in both linear and nonlinear frameworks, this research challenges the assumption of a linear relationship and finds that the causal structure is better explained within a nonlinear asymmetric context. This paper provides recommendations based on the identified causal relationships. For countries in which globalisation leads to informality, such as Angola, Congo, Guinea, Gambia, Mozambique, Sierra Leone, Tunisia, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, the paper suggests policy measures to integrate the informal sector into the formal economy. These measures include designing programmes to facilitate transition, implementing skill development initiatives, and establishing support mechanisms for entrepreneurship and small businesses. Additionally, this paper advises the development of social safety nets, improved market access, effective monitoring and regulation mechanisms, education on the benefits of globalisation, and international cooperation. For countries experiencing positive shocks from informality to globalisation, this paper recommends targeted support programs for entrepreneurship, initiatives to formalize the sector, the enhancement of market access, and skill development tailored to the needs of the informal sector. These policy recommendations aim to capitalize on the positive shocks in informality by fostering entrepreneurship, formalization, market access, and skill development. In the case of negative shocks in globalisation leading to positive shocks in informality, the paper suggests implementing resilience-building policies for the informal sector during economic downturns, establishing social safety nets, and adopting flexible labour policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between three determinants – environmental patents, environmental taxation and trade globalization – and the environmental-economic efficiency of 29 OECD countries between 2005 and 2020. Using the Global Malmquist-Luenberger index, this research computes the environmental productivity growth and its main drivers – the catch-up and the frontier shift terms. Besides, dynamic panel linear models are applied to investigate how the three institutional variables affect the dynamics of the computed efficiency indices. Results are as follows: firstly, eco-innovation is the most relevant factor in boosting the environmental productivity growth, pushing forward the technological frontier, and spurring the catch-up term. Secondly, environmental taxation is an ineffective policy instrument in promoting the sustainable growth and technological frontier advancements, having positive impacts only on the catch-up term. Thirdly, trade globalization reveals to hinder the sustainable growth and its two main drivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the contribution that digital transformation and globalization have made to inclusive, green economic growth. We construct an inclusive green growth index leveraging 28 variables accounting for economic, environmental and social performances. By exploiting a dataset of 95 countries and spanning from 2010 and 2020, we regress the inclusive green growth index on variables capturing investments in digital technologies and the degree of trade and capital openness. Findings show that while globalization does not have strong and significant relevance for inclusive green economic growth, investments in digital technologies are beneficial. However, this evidence does not hold for high income countries. • IGGI stands for Inclusive Green Growth Index made of 28 variables. • Globalization does not support the performance of inclusive green growth. • Investments in digital technologies support the IGGI performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research analyzes the impact of globalization processes on poverty levels in Kosovo. The research findings indicate a significant increase in Kosovo's exports and foreign direct investments, particularly in the real estate and tourism sectors. However, poverty remains a major challenge, deepening social and economic disparities. A comprehensive analysis of the labor market emphasizes the need for policies that encourage sector diversification and equal participation of women. Social issues such as disparities in employment rates and inflation are highlighted as challenges requiring immediate and long-term solutions. The research contributes to understanding the impact of globalization on economic and social dynamics in Kosovo, emphasizing the need for long-term strategies and continuous commitment to address challenges and build a more sustainable and just society. This research aims to be a valuable resource for decision-makers, researchers, and those interested in Kosovo's sustainable economic and social development in the context of globalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses frameworks for the design of the rules for international trading, assuming that it is possible to have some rule of law. In the Arrow–Debreu benchmark, where there is no economic power and political power is seemingly irrelevant, there is no need for trade agreements—free trade is the optimal policy for each country. But under even minimal deviations from that benchmark, trade agreements matter. We focus on environments in which there are market failures, technology is endogenous, and there is political power. Power dynamics play, for instance, a critical role in the design, implementation, and enforcement of agreements, with the latter being a critical difference between international agreements and domestic contracts and a key determinant of the feasibility and consequences of agreements. With endogenous technology, trade rules proscribing industrial policies may lead to lower growth and greater cross-country inequalities. Finally, we develop a normative framework which may be useful in the design and implementation of trade rules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to examine the influences of institutions, globalization, and world uncertainty on bank profitability in small developing economies. Consequently, we emphasize the significance of both bank-specific and other external factors influencing bank profitability. The empirical estimation is based on seven banks in Fiji—a small island economy—over the period 2000–2021. Together with bank-specific and macro factors, we account for institutions, globalization, and world uncertainty in analyzing the determinants of bank profitability. The study uses the fixed-effect estimation method. From the results, we observe that bank-specific variables, like the net interest margin, non-interest income, bank size, and capital adequacy ratio, are positively associated with bank profitability. Non-performing loans and credit risk are negatively associated with bank profitability. Macro variables, such as real GDP growth and remittances, have positive effects on bank profitability. Institutional factors, such as government effectiveness and voice and accountability, are positively associated with bank profitability. Regarding globalization, we find that it supports bank profitability. Global uncertainty and the Global Financial Crisis (2007–2008) are positively associated with profitability, whereas the global pandemic (COVID-19) is negatively associated. This study underscores the need to analyze the bank performance with factors beyond those reported in financial statements to derive a comprehensive understanding and appreciation of the complex nature of banking operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globalization has been on an upward trend since the 1980s, consequentially ushering in growth and development benefits that have transformed the welfare standings of many countries worldwide. The Eastern Europe and Central Asia (EECA) region, particularly, cannot be isolated from globalization gains. However, the region has been typified by the ongoing Russo-Ukraine war. Given that EECA economies are intertwined with those of Russia and Ukraine, this paper seeks to investigate the relationship between globalization and economic growth in EECA countries within the framework of the mediating role of governance. By employing the system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), utilizing endogenous instruments drawn from the lags of the dependent variables as well as the 1st differences of the independent variables, the results reveal that overall globalization and its economic, social, and political facets do not affect economic growth in EECA countries. The paper also establishes that governance does not mediate the impact of globalization and its dimensions on economic growth in EECA. Similarly, governance dimensions have an insignificant effect in mediating the impact of overall globalization on economic growth in EECA. However, fixed capital formation significantly affects economic growth even though the power of its effect is relatively low. Regardless, globalization may potentially be valuable in stimulating trade, investment, and scientific advancements that are regarded as the foundations of contemporary growth and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increase in economic growth, the world is facing serious challenges concerning environmental sustainability. Hence, the green economic growth is imperative for sustainable and inclusive development. The objective of this study is to contribute to the existing literature about the factors that influence green economic growth. The study investigates the role of green technology, green energy, foreign direct investment, and globalization on green economic growth in G7 countries. The data of the study is collected from WDI, KOF Swiss Economic Institute, and OECD database and the data period ranges from 1995 to 2020. The existence of cointegration between the variables of the study was tested by Westerlund's (Oxford Bull Econ Stat 69(6):709–748) cointegration test. Due to the presence of cross-sectional dependency, the study employed the cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) method to estimate the coefficients in the long and short run. The study also used a common correlated effect—mean group (CCEMG) estimator for robustness check. The findings of the study reveal that green energy and FDI positively contribute to green economic growth in the long and short run. The green technology also contributes positively to enhance green economic growth but only in long run. To accelerate green economic growth, G7 countries should incorporate policies promoting green energy and technology, while acquiring more foreign investments to ensure a sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gharee for Economics & Administration Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Advocates of globalization view it as a key to future improvement; by and large, it is viewed as a positive power for enhanced personal satisfaction, speeding up of economic development, proficient designation of assets and more noteworthy efficiency upgrades. The study investigates and surveys the effect of economic, financial, political and social globalization on poverty reduction in Pakistan. Various proxies have been used for all types of globalization and indices for them are generated through Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The motivation behind index construction is to foresee outcomes on poverty through the easily available data on globalization. Time series data on Pakistan‟s economy from 1988 – 2023 had been used to capture effects on poverty reduction in the presence of ARDL approach. Considering the revelations, the research proposes that economic, financial, political, globalization, and globalization contribute to poverty reduction. The results of social globalization show no negative impacts on poverty. This can be due to the increasing awareness and conscious regarding brands and contributes more towards relative poverty. Henceforth, policymakers ought to build the inflow of FDI, increase remittances and trade through security procurements to financial specialists, political dependability and macroeconomic steadiness. Upgradation in import substitutes, commercial ventures, and numerous different variables are required to control destitution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce this special issue with an elaboration of the concept of human rights globalization as a dynamic process that involves local and global action by civil society and other actors to strengthen governments' accountability to global human rights norms and standards. This process challenges economic globalization that prioritizes international trade and financialization over human rights. Recent decades have seen growing movements of activists appealing to global human rights norms as they mobilize popular pressure on local and national authorities. We provide a brief overview of contributions to this special issue, which describe these movements and their impacts on the long-term strengthening of global human rights governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The China's Belt and Road Initiative and the EU's Global Gateway projects are based on the idea that high‐quality infrastructures are key for countries to benefit from globalisation. This article investigates the economic growth effect of globalisation using a panel of 117 countries over the period 1980–2019 and explores whether the state of infrastructure in countries matters. Based on the assumption that there are winners and losers of globalisation, we hypothesize that the effect of globalisation on economic growth differs across groups of countries with similar but unobserved characteristics. Therefore, the article incorporates the potential presence of hidden heterogeneity and tries to explain group membership of countries based on the quality of infrastructure. The finite mixture model regression shows that the effect of globalisation on growth differs across two different groups of countries. While the effect is insignificant in the first group, globalisation spurs economic growth in the second group. In addition, we find that countries with a better quality of infrastructure are more likely to be in the class where globalisation fosters economic growth. The results are robust to a battery of robustness checks. The article provides evidence that countries should improve the quality of infrastructure to fully reap the benefit of globalisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Incorporating circular economy principles into forward-thinking public procurement strategies enhances sustainability through the promotion of resource efficiency, sustainable sourcing, and extended producer responsibility. This approach not only encourages innovation and collaboration among suppliers but also drives the development of solutions aligned with circular economy goals. The ultimate result is a more cost-effective and environmentally friendly outcome in procurement. This article seeks to investigate the intersection of circular economy principles within the framework of an innovative public procurement system. The study explores the influence of globalization on this innovative public procurement paradigm, addressing both the challenges and opportunities inherent in the process. The study conceptualizes Innovative Public Procurement (IPP) as a strategic approach where public entities acquire goods, services, works, and utilities, emphasizing an optimal balance between price and quality. The central goal is to generate innovative benefits for both entities and society, all while minimizing adverse environmental effects. Employing traditional research methods, including the monographic method, document analysis, and comparison, the study illustrates how public procurement practices can be opened to innovators, including start-ups and innovative SMEs. The findings shed light on the challenges faced by these entities in navigating the procurement landscape, while emphasizing the potential opportunities arising from the synergy between innovative procurement practices and the circular economy. By adopting a holistic perspective that considers the full lifecycle costs and environmental impacts of goods and services, procurement decisions can prioritize options offering superior long-term value. This contributes to the broader transition towards a circular economy, effectively minimizing adverse effects on the environment... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays globalization seems to be an irresistible phenomenon that affects all countries around the world, including developed and developing countries. In that context, the purpose of this paper is to check whether increasing globalization level spreads happiness in Africa. We employ a dynamic panel data model on 34 African countries over the period 2006–2019 to assess the effect of globalization on happiness. We used the two-step system generalized method of moments estimator to control for potential endogeneity of regressors and unobserved heterogeneity. We find that globalization is positively associated with happiness. Among the sub-indexes of globalization, economic and political globalization enhance happiness while social globalization worsens happiness. In addition, the effects of globalization on happiness are sensitive to the level of human development, democratization and natural resource wealth. Specifically, the positive effect of globalization turns out to be more robust in democratic and non-oil producing countries than in autocratic and oil-producing countries. Similarly, the effects of globalization are positive in high-human development countries while these effects remain negative in low-human development countries. Furthermore, the results also show that unemployment and inflation are the channels through which economic globalization positively affects happiness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emerging new global socioeconomic system is marked by a complex tapestry of multifaceted challenges, significantly reshaping the past global architecture. In the context of international political economy, the current era might be more accurately described as "new globalization." This field has recently begun to integrate the effects of the Russo-Ukrainian War, which erupted in February 2022, into its analytical framework. This military showdown exemplifies the complex and interrelated political, economic, and technological challenges inherent in the emerging new globalization. This paper delves into the potential ramifications of the Russo-Ukrainian War on the unfolding trajectory of new globalization, utilizing the analytical approach of the "Evolutionary Structural Triptych" (EST). This critical review of pertinent literature suggests that the war may increase the likelihood of diminished returns during the current phase of the emerging new globalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Are all countries in Sub-Saharan Africa equally benefiting from the deployment of Information and Communications Technology and economic globalization? In order to provide an answer to this question, the present study examined the impacts of Information and Communications Technology and economic globalisation on the growth of per capita GDP in 44 countries of the Sub-Saharan Africa region during 2004–2019. This study uses the neoclassical Aggregate Production Function, which incorporates a comprehensive measure of Information and Communications Technology infrastructure and economic globalization. In general, Moments Quantile methods indicate that despite economic globalization and Information and Communications Technology services having statistically significant positive effects on growth, the effects are negligible. A more important finding is that the impact of Information and Communications Technology and economic globalization on growth diminished as per capita GDP increased. Comparatively to countries with relatively higher growth rates in the Sub-Saharan Africa region, countries with lower growth rates will benefit more from expanding their Information and Communications Technology sector and globallyizing their local economies. Accordingly, countries with relatively lower per capita GDP growth in the Sub-Saharan Africa region need to allocate more resources to develop their Information and Communications Technology sector and continue to integrate their local economies with global markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under current conditions of growing interdependence of national economies, global supply chains are being transformed and trade flows are being reoriented. The dynamics and scale of these processes are largely determined by the efficiency of international transport corridors. Investments in transport corridors have a significant multiplier effect on the entire economy by stimulating the development of transport and logistics and related sectors of the economy, creating a growing demand in labour markets, and developing global value chains, international production, trade and logistics networks. The purpose of the article is to study the impact of international transport corridors on the development of territories at the national and regional levels. The use of descriptive statistics allowed to assess the impact of international transport corridors on the level of economic development, trade openness and foreign trade volumes based on the analysis of data from 121 countries. The links between the zones of influence of international transport corridors and other functional types of territories in Ukraine were investigated. The territorial coefficient of environmental load in the context of Ukrainian regions was calculated. The results of the study will be useful for both researchers in the field of logistics and transport infrastructure development and policymakers in the field of transport and economic policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides the evidence of a fall of markups of price over marginal costs in Poland over the period 2002–2016. Markups were calculated using a census of firms and the methodology proposed by De Loecker and Warzynski (2012; American Economic Review, 102(6)). The fall of markups is robust to several empirical identification strategies. Moreover, the decline of markups is not related to changes in a sectoral composition and firms demography and is most severe in exporting firms. Our empirical results relate the fall of markups to the globalisation and the emergence of the Global Value Chains. We show that an increasing reliance on imported components in production, together with a rising concentration of domestic firms on export markets are the main factors behind the observed compression of markups. We also document a hump‐shaped (U‐shaped) relationship between foreign value added in exports (distance from final demand) and markups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globalised firms manage face‐to‐face contacts for distant communications. Based on our survey on the responses of Japanese firms to the COVID‐19 pandemic, we find that firms that exported, imported, or directly invested abroad more before the pandemic tend to adopt remote work significantly more frequently during the pandemic. We confirm this relationship even after controlling for compositions of occupations, and various firm attributes. The effect of arm's‐length trade, not intra‐firm trade, is especially evident. These suggest that pre‐pandemic experiences in coordinating across borders are likely to facilitate the adoption of remote work during the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic globalization is the development characteristic and advantage of modern economy, especially the in-depth development of knowledge economy and people-oriented era, which has become the decisive factor of the world economy in the 21st century. In this context, competition among countries increasingly revolves around the quantity, quality and development level of human resources. This transformation has brought both opportunities and challenges to human resource management (HRM) in China. Economic globalization has prompted China's human resources management concepts to be re-examined and updated, and the field of human resources management has shown a more diversified pattern. The subjects of human resources management are constantly changing, and it is necessary to adjust the human resource's structure and improve the overall quality of the workforce. While economic globalization has brought opportunities to China, it has also brought tremendous pressure to China's human resources management. Fierce international competition has posed a severe test to human resources and challenged traditional human resource management methods and structures. This article deeply explores the impact of economic globalization on human resource management in China. It analyzes how China's human resources management responds to the emergence of diverse talent market, the growing demand for cross-cultural skills, the fluidity of global talent flows, the need for technology and digital transformation, and the regulation and compliance faced in operations challenge. Globalized environment. By understanding and responding to these changes, China's human resource management can proactively respond to the changing situation and seize the opportunities brought by economic globalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Do gains from globalization erode support for economic nationalism? We study how North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)‐enhanced local access to US markets affected Mexican demands for protectionist platforms. The left—led by Andrés Manuel López Obrador (AMLO)—underperformed in cities benefiting from export‐access gains during the 2006 presidential elections. This effect is observed strictly in 2006—the only post‐NAFTA election in which debates over trade integration played a salient role. Our findings are robust to controls for import‐competing pressures from NAFTA and the China shock. AMLO's 2006 protectionist platform likely cost him that year's election, and campaign media strategies in 2012 map to this earlier backlash. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The political globalization trilemma asserts that a government cannot simultaneously opt for deep international integration, national sovereignty and democratic politics, but rather is constrained to choosing two of the three at most. This paper employs cross‐country panel data operationalizing the multifaceted three vertices of the trilemma. After explorative data analysis, we employ panel error‐correction techniques to uncover the mutual interdependencies among the variables in the system. The econometric evidence supports the existence of a long‐run relationship between economic integration, national sovereignty and democratic politics as postulated in the political globalization trilemma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]