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Aim: The aim of this study is to demonstrate the technical feasibility of volumetric assessment of residual tumor volume and to evaluate the effect of a precisely defined residual tumor volume on overall survival (OS) in patients with glioblastoma (GBM). Materials and methods: Adult patients who underwent surgical resection for GBM in the University Hospital Olomouc from 2012 to 2016 were selected retrospectively. Patients attended regular clinical and MRI follow-up every three months. Early postoperative MRI scans were used in the study. In each patient, tumor segmentation was performed followed by creating a 3D model of tumor volume, which allowed the calculation of its volume both before and after surgery. Results: Results of 50 patients were available for a retrospective analysis. Our study showed a significant prolongation of OS only in the group with no contrast-enhancing residue (median OS = 16.1 vs. 6.3 months) Patients with a combination of radical resection and oncological treatment with the Stupp protocol achieved further prolongation of OS with a mean of 19.6 months and a median of 14 months. Conclusion: Our paper describes the process of calculating the volume of the postoperative residual component of GBM using easily available software. According to the study findings, significantly better therapy results were achieved in patients with complete removal of the contrast-enhancing GBM component, supplemented by the most possible radical resection of the contrast non-enhancing components of the tumor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]