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Abstract: The research on manuscripts provides useful information about the artistic/technical production and the scientific development in the past. However, the reproduction of the ancient recipes is difficult because most of them are described generally or they hide essential information to preserve the production secrets. In this study, four different recipes from the medieval Manuscript H‐490 (École de Médicine of Montpellier University, France) were reproduced. The raw materials and the production process of each recipe were discussed from the point of view of the glassmaking, and the final products were characterized. The recipe (31) indicated the preparation of a white glaze, similar to Islamic frits. The recipes (32) and (33) explained the preparation of an “unbreakable” glass; however, the characterization of the final products showed that no changes in the hardness of the glass were obtained. And the recipe (34) described the preparation of a green glass which was successfully obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study to determine suitability of the low grade Kalambaina limestone deposit for glass making has been carried out. Samples were collected from four different locations. The representative samples were analyzed and characterized to determine the chemical composition, mineral phase and microstructural morphology using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) respectively. The results of the XRF showed thatthe deposit consists of 45.66 wt% CaO, 0.38 wt% MgO, 0.35 wt% Fe2O3, 0.22 wt% Al2O3, 1.13 wt% SiO2, 0.19 wt% TiO2 and the amount of material lost on ignition was 42.99% (LOI). Qualitative and quantitative XRD analyses revealed that calcite was the dominant mineral followed by quartz which occurred as the lesser phase. The percentages of calcite and quartz in the sample were99.23 wt% and 0.77 wt% respectively. SEM/EDS analysis depicted the major elemental composition of thedeposit and then the SEM-micrograph demonstrated the spherical calcite dust as dominant phase. The composition of the limestone deposit compared favorably with standard except for high concentration of iron oxide (0.35 wt%) which is objectionable but the concentration of iron oxide is still tolerable for making green container glass (0.96 wt%). Notwithstanding, low grade Kalambaina limestone can be upgraded through beneficiation to minimize the iron oxide concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An analytical review of the literature on changes in glassmaking processes, diathermancy of molten glass and light transmission of glass as a function of the redox potential of the raw material and batch is given. Experimental data on the effect of the redox potentials (RP) of batches and cullet on the color of glasses with commercial compositions are presented. The conditions for transformations and equilibrium of iron oxides in glassmaking are examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The materials of glass vessels for making glass produced by different manufacturers are investigated. Conclusions concerning the reasons for fracturing of the vessels are drawn on the basis of data from dilatometric analysis as well as optical and electronic microscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of mechanical activation of glass batch on the glassmaking process and on the mechanical strength of glass is studied. It is shown that dry-grinding of the batch to specific surface area 1.1 m2/g decreases the silicate and glass formation temperatures by 100 - 150 °C. Mechanical activation of glass batch more than doubles the strength of glass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]