Search

The current work investigates the effects of drilling parameters on hole quality, including delamination and circularity, produced in hybrid composite materials consisting of neat glass fibre (NG) and hybrid glass fibre/Al-wire mesh in two distinct sequences, the first one being with Al-mesh in the outermost layers (AG) and the other with Al-mesh in the central layer (GA). The operation's process parameters are feed rate (F = 20, 40, and 60 mm/min), spindle speed (N = 1000, 2000, and 3000 rpm), and drill point angle (Ɵ = 90°, 120°, and 135°). Taguchi's L9 orthogonal array is used for the study. The optimal levels and effects of the process parameters were determined. Gray relational analysis (GRA) was employed to examine the complicated interactions influencing the results and ANOVA was used to evaluate the influence of process parameters. The results indicated that for all specimens, push-out delamination was more severe than peel-up. Circularity is minimized by using N = 3000 rpm, F = 20 mm/min, and Ɵ = 90°. At speed (N) of 3000 rpm circularity reduces by 83.5% and 76.5% compared to 1000 or 2000 rpm, respectively. Compared to other specimens, AG-specimen produced minimal delamination and circularity by an average of 6% and17.38%. The results of the confirmation test and regression model provide good agreement between the experimental and predicted results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glass fiber‐reinforced resin matrix composites have good mechanical and impact resistance properties, while with particle co‐reinforcement, a synergistic effect can further improve their performance. In this paper, continuous glass fiber‐reinforced nylon 6 (GF/PA6) and continuous glass fiber (GF) with glass beads (GBs) co‐reinforced nylon 6 (GB–GF/PA6) were prepared to investigate the co‐reinforcement mechanism and the synergistic effect of particle and fiber. A quantitative parameter of the residual impact force divided by the critical force Pr/Pcr, as the damage degree of the low‐velocity impact, is defined to evaluate the impact resistance of the composite. The results indicate that the damage of GB–GF/PA6 was lower than that of GF/PA6, and the synergistic effect reaches the most obvious at the GB addition of 10 wt%. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and x‐ray computed tomography (XCT) images disclose that GB impedes the type II crack spread in the matrix and fiber/matrix interface. With the type II cracks reducing, the materials' resistance to delamination can be significantly enhanced. For the composite structure, in which 10 wt% GB and 60 wt% GF are introduced, the flexural strength, shear strength, and pendulum impact strength were tested with the maximum values of 379.4 MPa, 53.1 MPa, and 219.0 J/m2, respectively. This composite structure design, presenting a continuous GF and GBs co‐reinforce effect, offers a manufacturing process that is easily scalable to achieve excellent characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combined application of steel–FRP composite bars (SFCBs) and seawater sea-sand concrete (SSSC) in marine engineering not only solves the problem of resource scarcity and reduces the construction cost but also avoids the problems of chloride corrosion of steel reinforcement in seawater sea-sand concrete and the lack of ductility of FRP bars. At the same time, the addition of glass fiber (GF) and expansion agent (EA) in appropriate amounts improves the crack resistance and seepage resistance of concrete. However, the durability of SFCB with GF- and EA-reinforced SSSC in freezing–thawing environment remains unclear, which limits its potential application in cryogenic marine engineering. This study investigates the bonding properties between SFCB and GF-EA-SSSC interfaces using eccentric pullout experiments under different thicknesses of concrete protective cover and a number of freezing–thawing cycles. The results showed that the compressive strength and dynamic elastic modulus of SSSC decrease, while the mass loss increases with an increasing number of freezing–thawing cycles. Additionally, the bond strength and stiffness between SFCB and SSSC decrease, leading to an increase in relative slip. However, the rate of bond strength and stiffness loss decreases with an increase in the thickness of the concrete protective cover. Furthermore, formulas for bond strength, relative slip, and bond stiffness are established to quantify the effects of the thickness of the concrete protective cover and the number of freezing–thawing cycles. The experimental values obtained verify the accuracy of these formulas, with a relative error of less than 5%. Moreover, a bond stress–slip constitutive model is developed for SFCB and GF-EA-SSSC, and the fitting results closely resemble the experimental values, demonstrating a high level of model fit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustaining the resilience of the environment against climate change volatilities is fast becoming a herculean task considering the vulnerabilities of the ecosystem and disruption of the global value chain. Environmental crisis emanating from improper containment of synthetic materials is a major impediment facing the world today, and the situation could get worse if urgent measures are not devised to mitigate the quantity of waste synthetic materials that find its ways to the environment. These wastes are released in the form of toxins, posing danger to the environments, causing biodiversity loss and the degradation of already battered-climate. In this paper, the authors apprise existing containment measures of synthetic waste materials taking a preliminary and on-the-spot assessment of their impacts and effectiveness of their application leading to their operation. The prospect of waste glass fiber in automotive part replacement is given utmost interest in this paper, in which, a significant quantity of glass fiber could be used as part of automotive materials to reduce their overbearing environmental carnage. By this approach, the emerging automotive parts may have their strength and durability enhanced against impact and corrosion. Mindful of the non-biodegradable properties of glass fibers, the paper captures how effective these fibers could be used as automotive parts against the traditional materials. This paper also reflects on the response of the natural fiber in terms of their sustainability, as natural forest faces severe extinction occasioned by anthropogenic activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because the physical properties of carbon fiber and glass fiber are very different, the fiber volume fraction in carbon/glass hybrid fiber composites cannot be tested by burning method or digestion method, respectively. Furthermore, these methods partially consume the fiber, especially for carbon fibers. To investigate the fiber volume fraction in carbon/glass hybrid fiber composites correctly, the test method is put forward. The burning method and the digestion method were combined to calculate the volume fraction of carbon fiber and glass fiber, respectively. The results show that the relative error between the measured value and the theoretical value is very small. The result of the present work implies that the feasibility and accuracy of this method through experimental verification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address the issues of insufficient strength and poor precision in polystyrene forming parts during the selective laser sintering process, a ternary composite of polystyrene/glass fiber/hollow glass microbeads was prepared through co-modification by incorporating glass fiber and hollow glass microbeads into polystyrene using a mechanical mixing method. The bending strength and dimensional accuracy of the sintered composites were investigated by conducting an orthogonal test and analysis of variance to study the effects of laser power, scanning speed, scanning spacing, and delamination thickness. The process parameters were optimized and selected to determine the optimal combination. The results demonstrated that when considering bending strength and Z-dimensional accuracy as evaluation criteria for terpolymer sintered parts, the optimum process parameters are as follows: laser power of 24 W, scanning speed of 1600 mm/s, scanning spacing of 0.24 mm, and delamination thickness of 0.22 mm. Under these optimal process parameters, the bending strength of sintered parts reaches 6.12 MPa with a relative error in the Z-dimension of only 0.87%. The bending strength of pure polystyrene sintered parts is enhanced by 15.69% under the same conditions, while the relative error in the Z-dimension is reduced by 63.45%. It improves the forming strength and precision of polystyrene in the selective laser sintering process and achieves the effect of enhancement and modification, which provides a reference and a new direction for exploring polystyrene-based high-performance composites and expands the application scope of selective laser sintering technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of an open-graded friction course (OGFC) as a road surface demonstrates significant advantages in reducing driving noise and improving road drainage and safety. This study aims to enhance the overall performance of OGFC-13 by incorporating double-adding fiber technology. Laboratory tests were conducted on six OGFC-13 mixes modified with varying fiber ratios of lignin fibers (LFs) and glass fibers (GFs). Both GF and LF significantly improved high-temperature performance, with dynamic stability values increasing proportionally to GF content. The LF:GF = 0.15:0.15 ratio achieved peak shearing strength, demonstrating better improvement over single-fiber modification. Furthermore, both fibers effectively enhanced resistance to cracking, with GF-reinforced specimens excelling in bending stress and LF-reinforced specimens demonstrating the highest flexural strain. Water stability evaluations highlighted the substantial positive impact of LF and GF, with simultaneous addition resulting in superior moisture stability compared to single-fiber modifications. Anti-stripping performance assessments indicated that the LF:GF = 3:0 ratio exhibited the best performance. In fatigue performance, both LF and GF enhanced fatigue life, with GF outperforming LF. The LF:GF = 0.15:0.15 ratio achieved a balanced fatigue performance. Results from the radar evaluation method underscored a more comprehensive improvement in road performance achieved through double-adding technology. The LF:GF = 0.15:0.15 ratio emerged as the optimal choice for overall road performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research presents an examination of the consequential effects brought about by the introduction of short-cut E-glass fibers (GF) on the properties of high-dielectric constant, high-thermal conductivity microwave composite systems (x GF/(8- x)BNNS/78 wt%ST/polyolefin, x = 0-8 wt%, BNNS: hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets). The GF is modified using KH550, with the success of the surface modification definitively confirmed by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). All components are found to exhibit consistently ultra-high and stable dielectric constants within the 8–12 GHz frequency range (D k = 17.7–18.08). Based on thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results, the incorporation of modified GF improve the thermal stability of the composite materials, enhancing thermal decomposition temperature, residual carbon content and glass transition temperature. Furthermore, replacing BNNS with GF significantly amplifies the mechanical properties of the composite substrate. This substitution leads to a notable reduction in the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) in all directions while simultaneously increasing the bending and tensile strength. At the same time, the composites can maintain reasonably high thermal conductivity values. Overall, with a GF concentration of 4 wt%, the composite showcases an appreciable increase in dielectric constants (17.81), a high thermal conductivity (1.3 W/m·K) and enhances mechanical properties (cross-plane CTE: 15.44 μm/(m·°C), in-plane CTE: 26.06 μm/(m·°C), bending strength: 65.6 MPa, tensile strength: 17.42 MPa). Considering its superior performance metrics, the composite can be identified as an optimal choice for microwave composite dielectric substrate material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laminated glasses have been widely used in buildings, physical protections, and vehicles because of their safety, sound insulation, thermal insulation, and other performance. In recent years, the high sound insulation performance of laminated glass intermediate films in the frequency range of low or high frequencies has attracted more and more attentions. In this work, a glass fiber/polyurethane elastomer composite (PU‐MGF) film with high transparency and impact resistance has been successfully synthesized, 5 dB of the transmission loss increased at 1600–6000 Hz, and 3.6 dB increased at 63–1600 Hz compared with the control polyurethane film. This is a significant progress in the laminated glass industry. In addition, the transmittance of the composite reaches over 75%. The excellent impact resistance of the laminated glass, based on PU‐MGF film, has been confirmed through falling ball impact test, demonstrating its ability to withstand multiple impacts without spattering. The PU‐MGF film prepared in this work exhibits great potential for applications in building windows, transportation, and soundproof devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composite materials made up of polymer matrix reinforced with synthetic fibers have gained popularity of late owing to their enhanced mechanical properties. However, very little work is reported to date on metals being used as filler material. Research gaps were obtained pertaining to the use of metallic fillers in synthetic fiber reinforced polymer composites. This paper demonstrates an attempt to fabricate composites made of Epoxy polymer matrix and E-glass fiber reinforcement with Mild Steel in its powdered form as fillers. Composites are prepared in varying weight percentages of the filler in the order of 2 wt. %, 4 wt. % and 6 wt. %. Hand layup method is employed for fabricating these composites which are later subjected to compression. Further, the samples are machined according to ASTM D3039 standard for tensile test and ASTM D256 standard for Izod impact test. Hardness test is also performed using a Shore D Durometer and these properties are compared with the unfilled samples. The results indicated that the weight percentage of the filler clearly influenced the mechanical properties of the developed composites. This study also revealed that the hardness and tensile strength of these composites improved with the incorporation of fillers up to 2 wt. % whereas, the impact strength improved up to 4 wt. %. Thereafter, there was a decline in their impact and tensile properties. However, hardness marginally increased beyond 4 wt. %. This area is open for research with regard to their usability under tribological, high temperature or magnetic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fiber-reinforced polymer composites are manufactured using various methods, with vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM or VARIM). This study's primary focus lies in assessing how the orientation of sampling impacts the mechanical properties of glass fiber-reinforced pure and nanocomposites. 2 wt.% nano Al2O3- doped and non-doped composites were produced using the VARTM process. Tensile, flexural, and density test specimens were extracted from three distinct zones and two distinc direction those aligned horizontally to the resin flow (HRF) and those oriented vertically to the resin flow (VRF). Remarkably, results showed up to a 3.91% increase in values from samples in the third zone, particularly on the vacuum outlet side. To facilitate precise stress value comparisons across plates, uniform sample orientation and consistent zone selection are essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to its light weight, ease of production, and good mechanical performance, glass fiber reinforcement has often been chosen to improve the flexural performance of glulam and to repair it during the service life. However, the long-term service performance of glulam beam reinforced with glass fibers has been studied under mostly controlled climatic conditions. This study evaluated the creep behavior of unreinforced glulam (UG) and glulams reinforced with glass fiber cloth (GFC) and glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) sheets, respectively, for 18,240 h as a function of stress level under uncontrolled and variable climatic conditions. The results showed that the relative creep of the UG beams after 18,240 h measured at 1.28–1.62, and the creep deformation of these beams fluctuated significantly due to climate change. After 18,240 h, the relative creep was measured at 1.41–1.51 for the glulam reinforced with GFC, and 1.37–1.44 for the glulam reinforced with GFRP sheet. In particular, the GFRP sheet effectively suppressed the relative creep to 1.70–1.88 after 50 years by inducing a consistent creep behavior regardless of stress level while reducing creep fluctuations under variable climatic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Honeycomb composite with excellent mechanical–physical properties had attracted extensive attention. To achieve outstanding sound insulation while maximizing the high‐performance of honeycomb composite, this article reported a honeycomb composite structure filled with glass fiber (HFG) based on a paper‐making process and the corresponding sandwich structure. Pulping parameters, mechanical property, air permeability and sound insulation of HFG were analyzed. The results showed that the hanging index and settling height of glass fiber slurry were inversely proportional to the beating degree, which was beneficial for reducing the coefficient of variation (CV) of HFG with value of 4%–6%. The maximum improvement in tensile strength and bursting strength of HFG were 70% and 53%, respectively. In addition, sound transmission loss (STL) of HFG was proportional to cell size, density, filling amount and thickness of the honeycomb. Compared to HFG, sandwich structure consisting of HFG and glass fiber/hot melt fiber panels effectively improved STL, especially at low‐mid frequencies. It was also found that designing holes on the surface of sandwich structure could further improve STL in certain frequency bands. The structure offered a lightweight and high‐performance response for construction, transportation and infrastructure. Highlights: This article designs a new type of honeycomb filled glass fiber via paper‐making process, aiming to improve the comprehensive performance of honeycomb.By the design of embedded structure, the maximum improvement in tensile strength and bursting strength of honeycomb were 70% and 53%, respectively.By designing perforated, embedded and laminated structures, sound insulation has been improved, while reducing material quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composites with excellent flame retardant and mechanical properties are in high demand in the aerospace and various industrial fields. Glass fiber (GF) reinforced polyimide (PI) composites (GFRPCs) were fabricated using a simple ball milling and hot pressing technique. The effect of GF content on the thermal stability, mechanical and flame retardant properties of composites has been systematically studied. The Rockwell hardness of GFRPCs increase with increasing GF content, while the compressive strength, impact strength and flexural strength initially show an increase followed by a decrease due to the excellent dispersibility of the fillers and the strong interfacial interaction between the one‐dimensional GF and PI matrix. Thermogravimetric analysis results show that the addition of GF with very low thermal conductivity and excellent temperature resistance can effectively improve the thermal stability of PI. Adding GF into PI can obviously improve the limiting oxygen index value. Moreover, as the GF content increased, the time to ignition of the composites prolonged while total heat release decreased. These findings suggest a viable solution for enhancing both the flame retardance and mechanical properties of PI‐based composites. Highlights: GFRPCs with high GF content fabricated via ball milling‐hot pressing method.Silane modified GF obviously improves the thermal stability of PI matrix.GFRPCs‐28 exhibits superior mechanical properties.An increases in time to ignition (TTI) and mass residual rate (MRR) of the GFRPCs was observed on adding GF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymer gears are often used in power transmission due to their numerous advantages. Heat accumulates on polymer gears during operation. Over time, this accumulated heat leads to damage; and shortens the service life of the gears. To prevent this, various fillers are added to the polymer materials. These fillers help to dissipate the heat generated on the gears. In this study, 25% glass fibers, 35% carbon powder, and 60% bronze particles were added to the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) matrix to determine the wear behavior of gears. The properties of the matrix and the filler mainly influence the wear behavior of PTFE composites. The study showed that all composite gears with filler have better wear resistance than pure PTFE gears due to their better thermal stability. After the tests, it was found that the gears made of PTFE + 35% carbon additive had about 12 times better wear rates than those made of pure PTFE. Based on the average temperature values of the experiment, it was found that the mass temperature of gears made of 35% carbon-doped PTFE is about 38-39% lower than that of pure PTFE. This study contributes to the standard studies on heat build-up, thermal damage, and wear of gears made of polymers with different fillers and ratios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) -- a common type of ewaste consisting of electronic components with a significant amount of rare and precious metals as well as glass fiber composites. The development of WPCB retreatment technology through mechanical methods, resulting in metallic and nonmetallic waste fractions, can be efficiently classified as enriched concentrate. The research presented in this paper highlights the potential trends for recycling WPCBs. The integration of impact milling for WPCBs is a promising technology for the partitioning and fragmentation of different components and for the separation of fractions. The mechanical sizereduction and separation technology of precrushed WPCBs, using direct and separative disintegrator milling, has been compared with other technologies (hammer milling and high voltage fragmentation). The main parameters, such as the specific energy (ES) of WPCB treatment and the rate of separation of different phases, were studied. As preliminary results show the optimal parameters of partitioning of the metallic and nonmetallic parts, fragmentation and delamination (specific energy of treatment and rate of separation) by disintegrator milling were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales is the property of Universidad Autonoma Chapingo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The utilization of waste rubber as a viable option for manufacturing building materials holds great significance for the sustainable development of the construction industry. This study explores the addition of two additives, fly ash (FA) and glass fiber (GF), to rubberized mortar in order to improve its performance. The impact of different waste rubber powder (RP) replacement rates and modified additive dosages on the performance of rubberized mortar, including fluidity, mechanical properties, drying shrinkage, impact resistance, and thermal insulation properties, was investigated. Furthermore, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was adopted to study the priorities of the rubberized mortar modified by FA and GF. The results indicate that the addition of RP leads to a decrease in mortar fluidity, mechanical properties, and drying shrinkage. However, it can enhance its impact resistance and thermal insulation properties. The additives, FA and GF, have a significant influence on the properties of rubberized mortar. By means of AHP method analysis, this study concludes that the optimal comprehensive properties of FA- and GF-modified rubberized mortar can be achieved by replacing 10% of sand with RP and using 10% FA and 0.4% GF. This study presents a configuration method for modified thermal insulation rubberized mortar, and it may lead to FA and GF being considered potential candidates for developing environmentally friendly building materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In marine structural engineering, the impact resistance of concrete holds high significance. The determination of whether the combined use of expansion agent (EA) and glass fiber (GF) has a synergistic effect on the impact resistance of seawater–sea-sand concrete (SSC) and plays a role in its performance and application. In this study, the dynamic Brazilian disc test at various strain rates was carried out with an SHPB device to investigate the effect of mixing 0% and 6% EA with 0% and 1% GF on the dynamic splitting tensile properties of SSC. The results show that strain rate effect on EA and GF-reinforced SSC during dynamic splitting tensile tests at higher strain rates, indicating strong strain rate sensitivity. The synergistic reinforcement of EA and GF consumed more energy under impact loading, thus maintaining the morphological integrity of concrete. However, the dynamic splitting tensile strength obtained in the Brazilian disc test had a significant overload effect which cannot be ignored. EA doped at 6% and GF doped at 1% showed a synergistic enhancement of SSC's dynamic splitting tensile properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the properties of ordinary and high-strength fiber-reinforced pervious concrete, aiming for a 28-day compressive strength exceeding 40 MPa with a target porosity close to 15%. Utilizing glass fiber (at 0.25% and 0.5% volume ratios) and steel fiber (at 1% and 2%), the study conducts mechanical and abrasion resistance testing on pervious concrete specimens. Sand dust clogging experimental simulations assess permeability coefficients for both application and maintenance purposes, revealing optimized maintenance, including vacuum cleaning and high-pressure washing, can restore water permeability to over 60%. The specific mix designs demonstrate high-strength pervious concrete achieves a 28-day compressive strength ranging from 40 to 52 MPa, with corresponding porosities ranging from 7% to 16%. Results highlight the significant impact of the ASTM C1747 impact abrasion test, where ordinary pervious concrete exhibits a cumulative impact abrasion rate reaching 60%, contrasting with approximately 20% for other high-strength specimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The natural and synthetic fibers are combined in a single composite to achieve a balance between the desired strength and cost considerations. In this study, the vacuum resin transfer moulding process was used to prepare an epoxy‐based composite. The composite consisted of grewia optiva as the natural fiber and glass fiber as the synthetic fiber, both with a fixed weightage of 10 %. Dolomite was used as a filler with varying content (0 %, 5 %, 10 %, and 15 weight %). The physical, mechanical, erosion wear and morphological behavior of the epoxy‐based composite were investigated. The inclusion of dolomite filler significantly increased the composite hardness and impact strength but reduced its tensile and flexural strength. At a dolomite filler content of 10 weight %, the erosive wear was reduced, while it increased at higher dolomite filler contents. The composite was examined using the L16 array, and the minimum wear rate was observed at an impingement angle of 30°, a velocity of 10 m/s, and an erodent size of 150 μm. Morphological studies were conducted to explore the possible mechanism for the variation in erosive wear at different dolomite contents in the hybrid composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silica, a principal component of waste glass powder (GP) reacts with calcium hydroxide to form the hydration products, and the process is affected by the fineness of GP and the percentage of cement replaced. This study investigates the structural behavior of concrete incorporating GP in reinforced concrete members by 0%–25% (by weight) replacement of cement with GP along with 0%–0.45% addition of glass fibers (GFs). The compressive and tensile strengths, strength activity index (SAI), and failure mode of treated concrete mixtures have revealed the optimum values as 15% replacement of cement with GP with 0.3% of GF. In the second stage of experiment, reinforced concrete beams were cast at various percentages of GP and GF to investigate the load–deflection response. It was observed that the beam specimen treated with GP exhibited considerably less mid‐span deflection (14.8 mm) at failure as compared to the control beam (with no GP and GF) which failed at 29.4 mm. The beam specimen treated with GP only showed significant degradation in stiffness after the peak load due to the fact that a part of GP remains unreacted and acts as a filler. Moreover, the beam specimen cast at optimum percentages of GP (15%) and GF (0.3%) showed large mid‐span deflection and higher failure load as compared to the control beam. These results suggest that the partial replacement of cement with GP should be accompanied by the addition of fibers to avoid unwanted brittle responses of GP concrete, with the additional advantage of reducing the non‐biodegradable waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the effect of the kind of reinforcement on the sliding wear performance of a polyester matrix composite reinforced with glass fiber and pineapple leaf fiber is investigated. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the effects of the type of reinforcement on the sliding wear performance of a polyester matrix composite reinforced with glass fiber and pineapple leaf fiber. By using hot press molding and the 30% weight fraction of fiber reinforcement, polyester composites with four distinct compositions—PPP, GGG, PGP, and GPG—have been created. These composites' dry sliding wear experiment is carried out using a Pin on Disc wear testing device. The following parameters are used in experiments: a track radius of 50 mm, a sliding distance (SD) of 500 m, an applied load of 50, 70, or 90 N, and a sliding velocity of 3.14, 4.71, or 6.28 m s−1. For dedicated (PPP, GGG) and hybrid (PGP, GPG) polyester composites, the effects of load, sliding velocity (SV), and wear rate (WR) are studied. At 50 N and 3.14 m s−1 the COF for PPP and GGG dedicated composites is 0.68 and 0.70, respectively, whereas for PGP and GPG hybrid composites, it is 0.41 and 0.64. The PGP/GPG hybrid composites have a minimal wear rate of 3.34e‐8 m3 s−1 and are 80% more effective than dedicated composites. Utilizing the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Taguchi L9 orthogonal array, regression models are created to optimize the influence of various parameters, such as load, sliding velocity, and composition. Results of confirmation tests show excellent agreement with predictions generated using the developed mathematical model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the effect of the addition of 0.4 wt.% carbon black (CB) to polyamide 66 (PA66) containing 30 wt.% short glass fibers (GFs) on the behavior of composite thermal crystallization. Composites were studied by differential scanning calorimetry analysis (DSC) at different cooling rates using wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This thermal crystallization study highlights the nucleation effect of GFs that promote PA66 crystallization by significantly increasing crystallization kinetics and rates. The activation energies (Eas) calculated by model-free (FWO; KAS) and model-fitting (Kissinger method and C–R method) approaches showed that the combination of both GF and CB decreases the activation energy with respect to neat PA66, meaning that the presence of both additives facilitates crystallization. The Coats–Redfern and Criado methods showed that the crystallization of neat PA66 and related composites follows the second-order reaction, i.e., the decelerated reaction, evidencing compatibility between GFs and the matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

FDM technology is among the most widely used additive manufacturing technologies. The most popular materials are ABS and PLA, but lately nylon has been used more often. The aim of the paper is to determine the impact of infill pattern and continuous fiberglass reinforcement on the tensile properties of additively manufactured composite material. The samples were made of Onyx as matrix material on a Markforged Onyx Pro printer, with and without varying fiberglass volume fraction. In addition, five different infill patterns (solid, triangular, rectangular, hexagonal and gyroid) were investigated. The experimental results revealed that infill patterns have different effects on the tensile strength and elastic behavior of the material, but the consumption of material and time should also be considered. The use of continuous fiberglass reinforcement significantly improves the tensile characteristics of the material. Proper arrangement of fibers in multiple layers can give better tensile properties of the material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incorporation of waste glass and glass fiber, as replacements for fine aggregate and cement respectively, offers a sustainable strategy to mitigate landfilling and virgin aggregate extraction. The present study delves into the influence of these waste derivatives on the mechanical and thermal attributes of concrete. Fine aggregate was substituted by crushed glass shards in a weight-to-weight ratio ranging from 5% to 30%, and cement was replaced by glass fiber in a weight-to-weight ratio of 1%. Mechanical attributes such as compressive, flexural, and splitting strength were evaluated, along with thermal characteristics of the concrete. A concrete mix ratio of 1:2:4 and a water/cement ratio of 0.45 were employed. The results revealed that concrete designated as Mcf20% demonstrated superior mechanical properties compared to the reference concrete. After 28 days, compressive strength of 51.2 MPa, flexural strength of 6.5 MPa, and splitting tensile strength of 3.78 MPa were recorded for Mcf20% concrete, signifying the beneficial effects of the combined use of glass fiber and crushed glass. Furthermore, an inverse relationship was observed between the percentage of waste additives and thermal conductivity. This investigation underscores the potential of recycling glass and glass fiber as eco-friendly additives in concrete, improving both mechanical properties and thermal performance, thus endorsing their use in structural and architectural concrete applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abundant research on geopolymer concrete in the last two decades has provided worldwide acceptability in conventional structural applications. The high-impact applications of geopolymers are mostly limited because they are quasi-brittle in nature and show moderate crack resistance; hence, they require suitable reinforcing materials such as fibers. This paper reports a study to assess the strength and durability properties of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete (FA-GPC) prepared with novel C-glass fibers. The binder mix was comprised of Fly Ash (FA), Lime (L), Silica Fume (SF) and was activated by sodium hydroxide (12 M) and sodium silicate solution, followed by curing under ambient conditions. Glass fibers were utilized in varying proportions (0.125, 0.25, 0.375, 0.5, 0.625, and 0.75%), by weight of the binder mix. It was found that the incorporation of 0.5% glass fiber significantly increased the compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength properties. From the durability perspective, the samples exhibited good resistance against seawater, MgSO4 solution, and H2SO4 when compared with the control mix. Further, the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis was employed to explore the nature of the geopolymer–fiber matrix. It was revealed that excellent interfacial bonding existed between fiber and the geopolymer matrix. The results indicate that addition of C-glass fibers significantly improves the overall mechanical performance of FA-GPC. The research presented here establishes the advantages of using C-glass fibers-based geopolymer concrete, thus encouraging its broader utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important surface modifier, conventional silane coupling agents generally emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs) like methanol or ethanol during the modification of glass fiber. To avoid VOCs emission, a phenol/amine co‐deposition of tannic acid (TA) with polyethyleneimine (PEI) was used to modify glass fiber (TP‐GF) based on mussel‐inspired surface chemistry. The reinforcement effect of TP‐GF on polyamide 6 (PA6) matrix was investigated, and the corresponding results were compared with those of γ‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550) modified glass fiber (KH550‐GF)/PA6 composites. The results showed that the interfacial adhesion between TP‐GF and PA6 matrix was superior to that between KH550‐GF and PA6 matrix, and thus TP‐GF/PA6 composites manifested more excellent mechanical properties than KH550‐GF/PA6 composites. Among these composites, TP‐GF (1.05 wt% of coating amount)/PA6 composites exhibited the optimal mechanical properties (tensile strength: 151.3 MPa, notched impact strength: 13.8 kJ m−2) compared with KH550‐GF (1.33 wt% of coating amount)/PA6 composites (tensile strength: 144.8 MPa, notched impact strength: 9.5 kJ m−2). In particular, the notched impact strength was significantly increased by 45%. Notably, there was no VOCs generation during the preparation of TP‐GF, indicating that TP‐GF could be used as an environmentally friendly glass fiber for the fabrication of high‐performance PA6 composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aimed to expand applications of aramid fiber fabrics and provide a reference for select fibers for filter bags using in high temperature flue gas filtration, properties such as filtration performance, temperature resistance, wear resistance, folding endurance, corrosion resistance and flame retardance of aramid fibre needle punched nonwoven fabrics were measured, in comparison with polyimide fiber needle punched nonwoven fabrics and glass fiber woven fabrics. It is found that aramid fiber fabric exhibits excellent temperature resistance. The tensile strength remains unchanged after thermal treatment under 220 °C for 24 hours. The folding endurance and corrosion resistance are excellent. The filtration performance of fabrics composited with 1 D aramid fibers is excellent while its flame retardance and wear resistance should be improved by PTFE emulsion impregnation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Fly Ash Comprehensive Utilization is the property of Hebei Fly Ash Comprehensive Utilization Magazine Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Composite materials are advanced engineering materials with superior properties to traditional materials. One of the most important disadvantages is the high cost of composite materials. Therefore, producing composite materials from the first to the last stage is a very important process. Homogenization is the most important parameter in production since composites contain more than one material type in their structure. In addition, composite structures are sensitive materials against low-velocity impacts. In this study, the effect of reinforcement material combination and stacking sequence on mechanical properties used in the production of composite materials was investigated by low-velocity impact simulations using LS-DYNA software. The mass of the 12 mm diameter spherical impactor used in the analyzes was determined as 10 kg and low-velocity impact tests were applied at 20 J, 30 J and 40 J energy levels. The composite samples were modeled with 180x100mm dimensions and the contact between the impactor and the sample was made from the center of the composite structure. Numerical analyzes were performed using the Tsai-Wu damage criterion in the LSDYNA software, and material properties were defined using the "Mat_Enhanced_Composite_Damage (MAT 055)" material card. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of thermal aging at 85~145 °C in air on the tensile and flexural mechanical properties of 20% glass fiber (GF)-reinforced commercial grade polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) composites were studied. The results showed that as the aging temperature increased, the tensile and flexural strength of the GF/PBT composites significantly decreased. However, the elastic modulus of the composites was almost independent of aging. As the aging temperature increased, the separation between GF and the PBT matrix became more pronounced, and the fibers exposed on the surface of the matrix became clearer and smoother, indicating a decrease in interfacial adhesion between the PBT matrix and GF. The reason for this decrease in strength and brittle fracture of composites is the interface damage between the GF and PBT matrix caused by the difference in their thermal expansion coefficients during thermal aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Steel reinforced concrete facing members, which are used to fix geosynthetic reinforcements working against tensile forces inside soils and to resist active lateral earth pressures, have certain disadvantages, such as massiveness and corrosion. In addition, the aforementioned conventional panels are not economical since they frequently require maintenance and repair in terms of long-term stability. In this study, the utility of alternative composite panels is evaluated with the various arrangement and type of fiber reinforcements and a typical foam concrete. Panel tests and three-point bending tests are realized to determine the experimental behavior of steel, carbon fiber (CFRP) and glass fiber reinforced (GFRP) specimens, as well as unreinforced examples. Although CFRP wrapped specimens cannot reach expected levels, samples with GFRP present favorable performance as well as being cheaper. Specimens with mat GFRP enhance both strength and deformation capacities according to the results of axial and lateral deformations under diagonal loading condition. In addition, chopped GFRP applied foam concrete specimens have more strength in terms of bending test results, but CFRP reinforcements increase their displacement capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve heat dissipation capability and enhance mechanical properties, a series of silica aerogel (SA) and modified glass fiber (GF)-filled SBR composites were prepared. It was found that the addition of SA successfully reduced the thermal conductivity of SBR by 35%, owing to the heat shield of the nanoscale porous structure of SA. Moreover, the addition of modified glass fiber (MGF) yielded a significant increase in the tensile and tear strength of SBR/SA composite rubber of 37% and 15%, respectively. This enhancement was more pronounced than the improvement observed with unmodified GF, and was attributed to the improved dispersion of fillers and crosslinking density of the SBR matrix. Rheological analysis revealed that the addition of SA and MGF weakened the ω dependence. This was due to the partial relaxation of immobilized rubber chains and limited relaxation of rubber chains adsorbed on the MGF. Furthermore, the strain amplification effect of MGF was stronger than that of GF, leading to a more pronounced reinforcing effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to investigate the bearing capacity-settlement behavior of strip footing settling on sand soil randomly reinforced with glass fiber, basalt fiber, macromesh fiber, and four different hybrid fiber additives in which these fibers are used together. Model tests were carried out in the laboratory on the strip footing and placed on the unreinforced and reinforced sand with different fibers. In the study, model tests were carried out on seven types of randomly reinforced soils by using glass, basalt, macrame, and mixtures of these fibers as reinforcement. In the model tests, two different fiber contents, 1% and 2%, and two different fiber lengths, 24 mm and 48 mm, were used. Tests were carried out with Dr = 30% and 50% relative density, and reinforcement depths 1B, 2B, and 3B were selected. In addition, the photographs taken during the test were analyzed with the particle image velocimetry (PIV) method and the displacements on the soil were examined. As a result of the reinforced and unreinforced model tests, the highest ultimate bearing capacity was measured as 680 kPa from the tests with Dr = 50% relative density, 48 mm length, 2% contents, and 3B depth macromesh fiber reinforced. In hybrid fibers, the highest ultimate bearing capacity was measured as 495 kPa, with Dr = 50% relative density, 48 mm length, 2% contents, and 2D depth micromesh and basalt fiber-reinforced tests. In the reinforced tests, it was concluded that the most effective fiber on bearing capacity is macromesh fiber. It can be seen that in the PIV analysis, as the fiber additive increased, the settlements made by the foundation decreased under the same pressure. It has also been observed that adding reinforcement to the soil transfers the stresses occurring in the soil to a wider area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vinylester-glass fiber composites have a wide scale of applications, however the combination between multiple fillers can cause some disadvantages due to complicated processing, high cost and incompatibility. This paper presents a novel trial for filling commercial vinylester (VE) resin with glass fiber (GF), as one filler component, in dual directions to prepare water pipe composite using the continuous winding technique, for the first time. 10% to 25% VE-GF composites were prepared with distributing GF in axial and hoop directions. The composites were cured via in-situ polymerization; the crosslinked network is occurred between catalyst and unsaturation sites in prepolymer. All concentrations show stability in all stages of thermal degradation, compared with blank VE; the more stable composite is 25% VE-GF. GF filled in axial and hoop directions enhanced the mechanical strength of both axes. The improved concentration (20% VE-GF composite) increased axial tensile strength and hoop tensile strength respectively to 32 MPa and 51 MPa, compared with 22 MPa and 42 MPa for blank VE. Furthermore, this concentration enhanced the strengths of surface harness and pull off from 39 BHC and 2.2 MPa to 46 BHC and 5.3 MPa, respectively. The 25% VE-GF composite decreased these values, but still higher than blank. GF improved the resistance of vinylester toward water absorption in different immersion conditions, especially the 25% VE-GF composites. The filling direction doesn't affect the composite stability. As a key issue for sustainable applied polymer composites, the proposed technique presents stable and low cost composite with one filler type, as physically, thermally and mechanically stable water pipe system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The needle punched nonwoven fabrics are widely used as the flue gas filter materials while continuous efforts have been made to improve the filtration efficiency in order to meet the low emission requirement. In this study, filter materials with high filtration efficiency were developed via glass fiber foam laying and PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) emulsion coating process. Influences of surfactant type, fiber diameter and fiber content on the foam-ability and foam stability of glass fibers were analyzed. The resulting filter materials, obtained here for the first time with glass fiber foam laden and PTFE emulsion coated needle punched nonwoven fabrics, were characterized for morphology, pore size, air permeability, wear resistance and filtration properties. The results were compared against structures obtained from needle punched nonwoven fabrics before and PTFE emulsion coating. Remarkably, compared to untreated and PTFE emulsion coated needle punched nonwoven fabrics, the glass fiber foam laden and PTFE emulsion coated fabrics displayed higher filtration efficiency and lower outlet particle concentration. Overall, glass fiber foam laying is found to be effective to improve the filtration performance of needle punched nonwoven fabrics and is promising to be commercialized after optimizing the foam composition and PTFE emulsion coating process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The massive generation of electronic waste has led to a significant interest in sustainable metal recovery and recycling. Ball grid arrays, mounted on printed circuit boards, are identified as a potentially valuable source of metals (Cu, Ni, Au, Ag, Pb, and Sn). In this study, pyrolysis is found as a promising treatment for the degradation of the epoxy resin of ball grid arrays. As a consequence, the liberation of metallic values and glass fibers is attained. The thermal analysis revealed that the major degradation occurs in the temperature range of 300–650 °C, with overall activation energy estimated as ~ 243 kJ/mol. The concentration of CO gas reaches a maximum value at a comparatively lower residence time with an increase in pyrolysis temperature. The metal enrichment was significantly influenced by the variation in pyrolysis temperatures with an optimal condition chosen as 600 °C. The metallic fractions (Cu, Ni, Ag, and Au) were separated from the glass fibers by water-based density separation and enriched in the sink product by three-fold. The recovery of Cu, Ni, Ag, and Au is achieved at 97%, 88%, 95%, and 96%, respectively. The metal fraction can be either used as a feedstock for the Cu smelting process or can be subjected to selective hydrometallurgical treatment. The glass fiber fraction comprises of Si, Al, and Ca oxides with potential application in laminate fabrication. High-quality gaseous products can be reutilized as fuel for other metallurgical processes. It can be concluded that 100 g of BGA yielded Cu ~ 23.7 g, Ni ~ 0.57 g, Ag ~ 23.4 mg, and Au ~ 73 mg after pyrolysis and density separation, which is equivalent to 1.35 kg, of primary Cu ore, 0.042 kg Ni ore, 4.68 kg Ag ore, and 14.6 kg Au ore. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both glass fiber (GF) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) can enhance the comprehensive properties of PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene)-based composites, however the properties of the composites are significantly influenced by the molding pressure utilized. In this study, GF/MoS2/PTFE composites were produced under varied molding pressures (50–70 MPa), and the composites' mechanical and tribological properties were evaluated. The results showed that the tribological parameters (such as friction coefficient and volumetric wear rate) and mechanical parameters (such as density, hardness, tensile strength, and elongation at break) varied depending on the molding pressure. When the molding pressure was 50 MPa, the GF/MoS2/PTFE composites displayed their finest mechanical properties. The composite had the best wear resistance with the lowest wear rate of only of 2.135 × 10−6 mm3/Nm at a molding pressure of 60 MPa and the lowest friction coefficient of 0.166 at a molding pressure of 70 MPa. The increased molding pressure that was employed to make the samples, as predicted by SEM analysis, would lead to greater residual stresses inside the specimens, which would ultimately result in cracking and peeling. In the friction test, specimens with a lower forming pressure are more likely to have surface furrows that are deeper and wider, as well as to shed their filler. Due to the increased molding pressure, the depth of furrows and filler shedding on the composite surface are also more apparent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poly (phenylene sulfide) (PPS) is a super engineering plastic that has not only excellent rigidity and high chemical resistance but also excellent electrical insulation properties; therefore, it can be applied as an electronic cover or an overheating prevention component. This plastic has been extensively applied in the manufacture of capacitor housing as, in addition to being a functional and lightweight material, it has a safety feature that can block the electrical connection between the electrolyte inside and outside the capacitor. Moreover, the fabrication of PPS composites with high glass fiber (GF) content facilitates the development of lightweight and excellent future materials, which widens the scope of the application of this polymer. However, the crystallinity and mechanical properties of PPS/GF composites have been found to vary depending on the cooling temperature. Although extensive studies have been conducted on the influence of cooling temperature on the crystalline behavior of PPS-based composites, there has been limited research focused particularly on PPS/GF composites for capacitor housing applications. In this study, to apply PPS/GF composites as film capacitor housings, specimens were prepared via injection molding at different cooling temperatures to investigate the composites' tensile, flexural, and impact energy absorption properties resulting in increases in mechanical properties at high cooling mold temperature. Fracture surface analysis was also performed on the fractured specimens after the impact test to confirm the orientation of the GF and the shape of the micropores. Finally, the crystallinity of the composites increased with higher cooling temperatures due to the extended crystallization time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a building material with economic potential and various beneficial properties, glass fiber reinforced concrete (GRC) has been rapidly promoted and applied in the field of civil construction. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of fiber-reinforced composites plays a crucial role in the design and analysis of such composites. Therefore, the thermal expansion coefficient of glass fiber reinforced concrete is the focus of this paper. A micromechanics model based on the Mori–Tanaka method is proposed to predict the overall thermal expansion coefficient of GRC. The model considers concrete as a two-phase composite material composed of cement mortar and aggregate. In the derivation process, concrete is treated as the equivalent matrix while glass fiber is treated as the inclusion phase. The present analysis takes into account the effects of glass fiber aspect ratio and reinforcement direction, as well as the volume fractions of aggregate and glass fiber. It is found that the glass fiber aspect ratio and reinforcement direction have a significant effect on the thermal expansion coefficient of concrete. The advantage of this model is that it provides a simple and accurate approach for predicting the CTE of glass fiber reinforced concrete. The developed model is validated by comparison with theoretical and experimental data in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To facilitate the application of carbon black filled glass fiber reinforced poly‐ether‐ether‐ketone (CB‐GF/PEEK) prepreg in laser assisted tape winding (LATW), a finite element method is used to analyze the optical‐thermal characteristics of the following three prepregs with distinct laser absorption properties: (i) 0.5%CB (incomplete absorption), (ii) 2.74%CB (complete, single‐layer absorption), (iii) 4%CB (complete, near‐surface absorption). Thus, the energy distribution, temperature distribution and thermal accumulation are revealed, and the heating strategy is customized according to the laser absorption characteristics of each prerpeg. Then the feasibility of CB filled GF/PEEK prepreg in LATW is verified by manufacturing and testing NOL rings. Finally, the nip‐point irradiation scheme is optimized. The simulation results reveal a significant difference between the optical‐thermal characteristics of the 0.5%CB and those of the other two prerpegs. Benefited from the energy leakage, the 0.5%CB facilitated twice melting by thermal accumulation, along with a higher nip‐point temperature. Meanwhile, the mechanical performance tests of the NOL rings indicate a similar tensile strength of ~1300 MPa for the 0.5%CB and 4%CB, while the interlaminar strength of the 0.5%CB is slightly higher than that of the 4%CB. The latter result may be due to the higher nip‐point temperature of the 0.5%CB, which promotes resin diffusion and enhances the bonding strength. Finally, an optimized heating strategy with short laser length, vertical irradiation of the nip‐point is proposed, and is shown to reduce the ineffective thermal accumulation and ensured the suitability of Tape and Laminate temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics is the property of Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) laminates have been widely used in engineering applications in recent decades. This is mainly due to their superior mechanical properties compared to single-phase materials. High strength-to-weight ratio, high stiffness, and excellent corrosion and fatigue resistance are some of the attractive properties of these materials. In large structures, drilling composite panels is a typical operation to assemble different parts with mechanical fasteners. This operation severely threatens the quality of the holes and, therefore, the joint strength. This study aims to study the wear evolution of two drill bits manufactured with different coatings processes (chemical vapor deposition and physical vapor deposition) and their influence on the quality of the holes. A carbon/glass fiber sandwich structure was selected as the workpiece, and a high-speed machine center was used to drill 1403 holes per tool in the laminates. The wear analysis of the tool was characterized in terms of flank wear and crater wear. For the delamination analysis caused by drilling, two types of delamination are identified (type I and II), and their values were quantified through the equivalent delamination factor (Fed). The results showed that, in general, the process used to apply the coating to the tool influences the wear mode and the delamination damage. The first tool, diamond coated with Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), showed more severe crater wear in the flank face and coating loss at the end of the cutting edges. However, with a Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) coating process, the second tool presented flank wear more controlled but a more severe coating loss and edge rounding near the tip, producing further delamination. Using a supporting plate showed a reduction of delamination type I but not for delamination type II, which is related to edge rounding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the mixing of polylactide (PLA) and glass fiber which use injection molding to produce a functional composite material with glass fiber properties. The injection molding process explores the influence of glass fiber ratio, melt temperature, injection speed, packing pressure, packing time and cooling time on the mechanical properties of composite. Using the orthogonal table planning experiment of the Taguchi method, the optimal parameter level combination of a single quality process is obtained through main effect analysis (MEA) and Analysis of variance (ANOVA). Then, the optimal parameter level combination of multiple qualities is obtained through principal component analysis (PCA) and data envelopment analysis (DEA), respectively. It is observed that if all the quality characteristics of tensile strength, hardness, impact strength and bending strength are considered at the same time, the optimal process conditions are glass fiber addition 20 wt %, melt temperature 185 °C, injection speed 80 mm/s, holding pressure 60 MPa, holding time 1 s and cooling time 15 s, and the corresponding mechanical properties are tensile strength 95.04 MPa, hardness 86.52 Shore D, impact strength 4.4408 J/cm2, bending strength 119.89 MPa. This study effectively enhances multiple qualities of PLA/GF composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composite sandwich structures are extensively used in aircraft applications. Aircraft components are required to be robust and lightweight. Sandwich structures made of carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer as the facing sheets and milled-glass-fiber-reinforced rigid polyurethane foam with a different glass fiber content as the core structure were prepared. The influence of glass fiber content in the foam on the sandwich structure's mechanical properties was investigated. Flexural and compression tests were performed to assess the mechanical properties of the sandwich structures. Visual inspection and an optical microscope were used to observe the morphology of the polyurethane composite foams at different contents. From the flexural test, the force, facing stress and core shear stress improved with the increase in the milled fiber loading with the maximum increase at 10 wt.% loading and then a drop. Meanwhile, the compression modulus and strength increased up to 20 wt.% loadings and then dropped subsequently. The increase in the polyurethane composite foam's compression strength shifted the bending load's failure type from facing crack failure into core shear failure. The loadings range of 8–10 wt.% showed a transitional of the bending loading failure type. The density of the foams increased with the increase in milled glass fiber loading. At 10 wt.% loading, the density increased by 20%, and it increased by 47% at 30 wt.% loading. At 30 wt% loading, the optical microscope images of the foam showed wall thinning and broken walls that were responsible for the drop in the mechanical properties of the sandwich. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a hybrid manufacturing technique was proposed to fabricate composites of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) with Bidirectional woven glass fiber mat (GF)/ABS and GF/Bidirectional woven carbon fiber mat (CF)/ABS. The composites were fabricated using fused deposition modeling 3D printing, followed by hot compression molding, and their flexural, impact, and dynamic mechanical behaviors were examined. Results indicated that composites with GF and ABS combinations had shown the highest maximum flexural strength (64.46 MPa) and impact strength (0.089 J/mm2). The hybrid composites showed intermediate performance between ABS and GF/ABS composites, with higher flexural strain before failure than ABS and GF/ABS. A comprehensive analysis utilizing scanning electron microscopy was carried out to evaluate the adhesion characteristics of the fiber‐matrix interface in impact‐tested samples. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed that GF/ABS composites had offered superior E′, E″, and tanδ than the hybrid configuration. The peak tan delta values obtained from ABS, GF/ABS, and GF/CF/ABS composites were utilized to determine their respective glass transition temperatures. The observed values for ABS, GF/ABS, and GF/CF/ABS composites were 109.65, 69.95, and 71.5°C, respectively. Some potential applications for the composites fabricated in this study could include the development of lightweight and strong components for aerospace or automotive industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High cost and low mechanical strength are the main obstacles for the large-scale application of glass fiber separator in Na-ion batteries. Recycling of glass fiber separator is an important mean to reduce cost, but secondary film formation of glass fiber in the recycling process is the key problem. In this work, glass fibers are extracted from waste glass fiber separators and then compounded with cellulose. The recycled separator is successfully prepared through a simple slurry sieving technology. Attributed to effective combination of cellulose and glass fiber, the mechanical strength of recycled separator (81.5 Mpa) has been significantly improved relative to original fiberglass separator (0.3 Mpa), while the cost is greatly reduced. As paired with Na x Ni[Fe(CN) 6 ]/Na metal, the battery delivers fine cycle stability (93.3% of capacity retention after 500 cycles at 1 C) and high rate performance (73.2% of specific capacity retention at 10 C). The above results open a new path for the recycling of glass fiber-based separators with excellent performance and low cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, the mechanical and morphological characterization of bamboo-glass fiber-nanoclay epoxy hybrid composites is carried out. Materials are prepared using a hand lay-up process with different wt.% of bamboo fiber, glass fiber, nanoclay, and epoxy. As per ASTM standards, fabricated composite laminates are cut and tested for tensile and flexural properties. The bamboo fiber epoxy composites (BFEC) display the tensile and flexural strength of 137 and 170 MPa, respectively. Hybrid composites, viz. bamboo-glass fibers epoxy composites (BGFEC), display improved tensile (180–240 MPa) and flexural (225 to 320 MPa) strengths compared to BFECs. Glass fiber epoxy composites (GFEC) display maximum tensile (265 MPa) and flexural (360 MPa) strengths among all the composites. Furthermore, the addition of nanoclay improves the tensile (by 6 to 8%) and flexural (by 8 to 10%) strengths of epoxy, BFEC, BGFEC, and GFECs. SEM analysis is conducted for fractured tensile specimens to understand the reasons for specimen failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concrete developed from light expanded clay aggregate (LECA) and glass fiber has good performance, durability, and sustainability. Towards this, the experimental investigation was designed to study cubes, cylinders, and simply supported beams. Four mixtures had LECA volume of 0%, 75%, 85%, and 95% as coarse aggregate replacement and glass fiber content volume of 2% (N, L75, L85, and L95), and the other two mixtures had 75% LECA and glass fiber content of 1% and 1.5% (L75-F1 and L75-F1.5). Results compared to normal concrete showed the weight reduction of samples while adding more glass fiber caused slump reduction in contrast to LECA. Increasing glass fiber volume in the mixture had a negative influence on tensile strength while causing compressive strength enhancement. Moment resistance and energy absorption capacity of L85 were enhanced by 7.5% and 10.3%, respectively. For L75-F1 specimens, the beam stiffness and ductility were enhanced by 14.8% and 14.3%, respectively. Finally, using more glass fibers did not necessarily result in improved mechanical properties. More ideal properties can be obtained by controlling the LECA content and glass fibers ratio. After conducting tests, narrowing down the glass fiber content range up to 2%, along with LECA content of 75% and 85%, is highly recommended for obtaining the best behavior of glass fiber-reinforced LECA concrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]