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Background: Comparing the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of galectin-3, peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in individuals with stage III grade C periodontitis and gingivitis and with healthy periodontium was the purpose of this clinical research., Methods: Sixty systemically healthy and non-smoker individuals consisting of stage III grade C periodontitis (group S3P/n = 20), gingivitis (group G/n = 20), and periodontally healthy (group HP/n = 20) were recruited for this research. Clinical parameters such as probing depth, clinical attachment level, gingival index, plaque index, and bleeding on probing were recorded in periodontal charts. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method was used in evaluating the GCF levels of galectin-3, PAD4, and TNF-α for study groups., Results: The GCF galectin-3 total amount was highest in group S3P compared with group G and group HP (P <0.05). Its total amount was also higher in group G compared with group HP (P <0.05). The GCF PAD4 total amount was higher in group S3P compared with group HP (P <0.05) but was similar with group G (P >0.05). Its total amounts were also similar in group G and group HP (P >0.05). The GCF TNF-α total amounts were similar in group S3P and group G (P >0.05) but significantly greater than the group HP (P ˂0.05). The GCF galectin-3, PAD4, and TNF-α concentrations were lower in the group S3P and group G compared with the group HP (P <0.05). There were significant positive correlations between GCF galectin-3 total amount and all clinical parameters (P ˂0.01) and also between GCF galectin-3 and TNF-α total amounts (P ˂0.01). There was no correlation between PAD4 and clinical parameters, or between PAD4 and TNF-α (P >0.05)., Conclusions: Galectin-3 and PAD4 may be involved in the periodontal disease pathogenesis considering the elevated levels of these molecules in periodontal disease. These biomarkers may be used in the diagnosis of periodontal diseases., (© 2021 American Academy of Periodontology.)

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the levels of semaphorin 4D (SEMA4D), peptidylarginine deiminase 2 (PAD2) and matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in patients with periodontal disease and patients with healthy periodontium and investigate the effects of periodontal treatment on the levels of these molecules., Methods: GCF samples were collected from periodontally healthy controls (C group, n = 20), patients with gingivitis (G group, n = 20), and patients with chronic periodontitis (CP group, n = 20). Sampling sites were also divided into bleeding (BP) and non-bleeding (NBP) periodontal pocket groups in CP group. Full-mouth clinical periodontal parameters were also recorded. GCF samplings and clinical records were also repeated at 1 and 3 months after treatment for the CP group. SEMA4D, PAD2, and MMP-8 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay., Results: The GCF SEMA4D, PAD2, and MMP-8 total amounts were similar in CP and G groups (P ˃ 0.05) but significantly greater than the C group (P ˂ 0.05). The GCF SEMA4D and PAD2 total amounts in the BP group were significantly greater than the NBP group (P ˂ 0.05). GCF MMP-8 total amounts were similar in BP and NBP groups (P ˃ 0.05). The GCF SEMA4D, PAD2, and MMP-8 total amounts were significantly reduced at first month after treatment (P ˂ 0.05). There were positive correlations between GCF total amount of SEMA4D and all clinical parameters (P ˂ 0.01) and also between PAD2 and clinical parameters (P ˂ 0.05) except clinical attachment level. There was a positive correlation between GCF total amount of SEMA4D and GCF total amount of MMP-8 (P ˂ 0.05)., Conclusions: It may be suggested that SEMA4D and PAD2 are related to periodontal disease. Their GCF total amounts may have a diagnostic potential. Additional studies would better clarify their role in periodontal diseases., (© 2019 American Academy of Periodontology.)