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Copyright of Journal of Current Pediatrics / Guncel Pediatri is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Decreased renal blood flow plays a vital role in the etiology of acute kidney injury (AKI). In this study, we aim to investigate the role of renal regional oxygen saturation (rSO2) reductions in predicting AKI in the first 24 h of life. Methods: One hundred premature babies with a gestational age of ≤32 weeks were included. Renal and cerebral rSO2s were monitored for 24 h by near‐infrared spectroscopy. Infants were followed up for the first 7 days for the diagnosis of AKI. Results: Infants' median gestational age was 29 (23–32) weeks, and their birthweight was 1,192 ± 355 g. It was found that the renal rSO2 values were lower in the first 24 h of life in patients who developed AKI, and this decrease was statistically significant in the first 6 h of life. Conclusions: The low renal rSO2 values in the early hours of life in premature babies may have a role in predicting AKI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Türk Pediatri Arşivi is the property of Aves Yayincilik Ltd. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

INTRODUCTION: Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is important for fetal and postnatal development. After premature births, serum IGF-1 concentrations rapidly decrease and can stay at much lower levels than during the intrauterine period. In this study, we aimed to ascertain whether IGF-1 is associated with morbidities of prematurity such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and is a useful predictor of these diseases. METHODS: We enrolled newborn infants born at a postmenstrual age of ≤32 weeks in this prospective observational cohort study. Serum IGF-1 levels were measured serially in blood samples on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 21st, and 28th day. RESULTS: A total of 93 infants were enrolled in the study. All these infants had the following characteristics at birth: weight 1236.11±354.06 g, and gestational age 29.43±2.10 weeks. All of the IGF-1 levels were significantly lower in the group which developed BPD or ROP (p<0.001). The patients who developed IVH and NEC also had lower IGF-1 levels. DISCUSSION and CONCLUSION: Strong correlations have been found between low serum IGF-1 levels during the first four weeks and development of BPD and ROP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Parenteral nutrition (PN) has been widely used in preterm infants. The lipid solutions used for PN, however, are associated with oxidative stress and morbidity. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a new‐generation lipid emulsion (SMOFLipid) and olive‐oil based lipid emulsion for prevention of PN‐associated oxidative damage. Methods: Preterm infants < 32 weeks of gestational age were included in this prospective randomized study. All infants were randomized to SMOFlipid or olive‐oil based lipid emulsion (ClinOleic). Lipid peroxidation products were evaluated in all infants. In addition, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and both pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines were studied at days 0, 7 and 14. Results: A total of 89 infants (SMOFlipid, n = 42; ClinOleic, n = 47) were enrolled. TAC was higher in the SMOFlipid group compared with the ClinOleic group at all time points, and the difference on day 7 was statistically significant. Although the anti‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin‐10 was higher in the SMOFlipid group, this difference was not significant. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) was lower in the SMOFlipid group (14.1%) than in the ClinOleic group (31.2%), but this finding was non‐significant p > 0.05. The rate of severe BPD was significantly lower in the SMOFlipid group. Conclusion: To our best of knowledge, this is the first study to suggest that SMOFlipid might decrease oxidative damage and oxidative‐stress‐associated morbidity compared with olive oil‐based emulsion in preterm infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Neural tube defects (NTD) are one of the most common congenital anomalies of the newborns. The incidence of NTD in Turkey is 3/1000. Various types of NTD appear depending on the part affected by the closure of the neural tube. The etiology of NTD is multifactorial, and a significant portion of them can be prevented by folic acid supplementation. Patients with NTD need long-term medical, surgical and care support. METHODS: In this study, antenatal, natal and postnatal characteristics of NTD patients who were admitted to the NICU between 2013-2017 were examined retrospectively. RESULTS: Twenty-nine NTD patients were included in this study. Sixteen (55%) of the patients were male and 13 (45%) were female. Mean gestational age was 37.5±1.97 weeks, mean birth weight was 3050±703.29 grams. Six patients had the following maternal risk factors for NTD development: diabetes, obesity, smoking, and the use of valproic acid. None of the patients used preconceptional folic acid. Of the NTD, 23 were meningomyelocele, 1 was meningocele, 3 were encephalomyelocele, 1 was encephalocele, and 1 was acrania. NTD was the most common at the lumbosacral region (n=10) and the other regions were lomber (n=8), thoracic (n=5), occipital (n=4) and cervical (n=1). While the complete loss of leg movements was seen in eleven of the patients, partial loss was seen in nine of them. The lesion level was higher than L4 in all of those with complete motor dysfunction and in 4 (44%) with partial motor dysfunction. Meningomyelocele sacs were ruptured in seven patients. Shunt procedures were required in 18 of 19 patients with hydrocephalus. Shunt placement and meningomyelocele operations were performed simultaneously in 11 patients. DISCUSSION and CONCLUSION: The preventable etiologic risk factors of NTDs should be known especially by the parents who are considering having a child. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2016, the cases formerly known as "Apparent life-threatening events" (ALTE) have been renamed to "Brief Resolved Unexplained Events" (BRUE) by the American Academy of Pediatrics. The diagnosis of BRUE in infants is made when infants experience: a brief episode, that is resolved, which remains unexplained after the history and physical examination, and includes an event characterized by cyanosis or pallor; absent, decreased, or irregular breathing; marked change in tone; or altered level of responsiveness. Low and high-risk events can be identified epidemiologically. To be designated lower risk, the following criteria should be met; older than 60 days with birth at >32 weeks gestation, no previous event, a duration less than 1 minute, no need for resuscitation by trained medical personnel and no concerning historical features or physical examination findings. Low-risk events do not require hospitalization, further research, or home monitoring. Conversely, infants with high-risk events should be admitted to hospital and monitored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: The "late preterm" term is used for premature births between 34 0/7 and 36 6/7 gestational week. Most premature babies are "late preterm" babies. Although anthropometric measurements are close to term infants, there is increased risk of mortality and morbidity. In this study, we aimed to investigate in the neonatal period problems of late preterm labor in the tertiary referral hospital. METHODS: In this study, 210 late preterm infants born between 01/01/2016-31/12/2016 in the tertiary referral hospital were retrospectively examined. RESULTS: Twenty percent of births in one year were detected as late preterm, and 65% of all premature births were of late preterm. Fifty eight percent of late preterm infants were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. The most frequent causes of hospitalization were transient tachypnea (31.1%), congenital anomaly (18.8%) and jaundice requiring treatment (16.3%). Low gestational week and cesarean birth were statistically significantly higher in patients requiring hospitalization. The mortality rate was 2.7%, and increased in the presence of congenital anomalies (30.43%, 0.53%, p <0.001) and male gender (87.5%, 12.5%, p = 0.033). DISCUSSION and CONCLUSION: Despite the increased mortality and morbidity risks of late preterm infants, cesarean births without indications are still continuing in these weeks. Late preterm infants who are followed up with mother care should be followed closely for respiratory problems, nutritional problems, hyperbilirubinemia, hypoglycemia and hypothermia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introductıon: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a rare abnormality with high mortality and long-term comorbid conditions. Our aim, in this paper, was to describe demographics and birth characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of consecutive patients with CDH treated at our institution. Methods: The present study represents a retrospective cohort study of neonates with CDH who were treated at Uludag University Medical Faculty, Neonatal intensive care unit, Bursa. We identified the medical records of all patients with CDH who were admitted for treatment to our neonatal intensive care unit from January 2007 to December 2016. We reviewed the medical, surgical records, demographics and birth characteristics. We also recorded presence of pulmonary hypertension, whether or not the liver and, stomach also herniated into the thorax, other associated congenital malformations, and type of mechanical ventilation. Results: Forty patients were included in this study. The overall mortality was 67.5% (27/40). Survival for those who had surgical correction of CDH was 61% (13/21). Low birth weight, low gestational age, low APGAR scores and, high oxygen need at baseline was found to be associated with mortality, in patients with CDH. Among survivors, the median duration of hospitalization was 23 (14--35) days. Chronic gastrointestinal, pulmonary disorders and, failure to thrive were the most comorbid conditions after discharge. Dıscussıon And Conclusıon: KDH still has high mortality and morbidity. The birth of patients with prenatal diagnosis at appropriate centers will increase their chances of successful intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Türk Pediatri Arşivi is the property of Aves Yayincilik Ltd. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)