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The objective of this study was to examine the effect of primers on seed quality parameters using different starting values of germination. For this purpose, ten soybean lines selected at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad were evaluated. The starting values of germination ranged between 48% and 89%. Seeds were surface sterilized with 3% sodium hypochlorite and immersed in different primers: 1% potassium nitrate, 1% potassium chloride and 1% hydrogen peroxide. Untreated seeds were used as the control. The obtained results revealed that the effects of priming depended on soybean line and treatment, whereas the efficiency of this pre-sowing treatment was not affected by the starting value of seed germination. Some lines responded favorably to immersion, while in others priming had an inhibitory effect, causing a significant decrease in germination. There was an increase in germination up to 12% or a decrease up to 11%, depending on line and treatment. Lines that were positively affected by this method also exhibited increased values for other germination parameters: mean germination time (MGT) and time to 50% germination (T50). Lower values of MGT and T50 were observed in lines which showed a negative response to priming and a decrease in germination, but also a more rapid radicle protrusion, as compared to the control. In conclusion, there is no universal applicability of one single primer as it might cause a negative response in some lines and thus reduce seed quality.

The aim of this study was to examine optimal time of soybean seed priming and effect of primers under salt stress conditions. Testing was performed at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, on Galina seed variety. Optimal priming time was determined by immersing seed into: KNO3 (1%), H2O2 (0.1%), and H2O with the duration of 6 h, 12 h, 18 h, and 24 h. After drying until the initial moisture, the seed was placed for germination and after eight days germination was determined. In the second part of the experiment, the seed was immersed into: KNO3 (1%), H2O2 (0,1%), and H2O after which their effect on germination energy and seed germination under simulated salinity conditions was examined. Simulated salinity conditions represented substrate for germination to which NaCl in different concentrations was added (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 mM). Results of the research showed that the six-hour priming of seed was the best with all primers. The percentage of seed germination linearly reduced with the increase of priming time. The research has shown that seed priming represents a favorable technique for the reduction of a negative effect of NaCl on germination energy and soybean seed germination, and the best effect is accomplished with the use of KNO3.

The objective of this paper was to examine the effect of seed lot, sowing date, and priming on germination and vigour of soybean seed. Three different seed lots of an old soybean variety (Lot 1, Lot 2, Lot 3) created at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad were used. There were three sowing dates: 10 April, 20 May and 20 June. KNO3 (1%), H2O2 (0.1%), GA3 (0.075%) and distilled water were used as primers. The results showed that soaking the seed prior to sowing, so called priming, positively affected seed germination and vigour in all three lots and with all three sowing dates. The best effect was accomplished with Lot 1 and sowing on the third date. With regards to primers, the best effect was achieved with the application of KNO3 and H2O2 solutions. Research has shown that even soaking the seed in distilled water, which is a simple, cheap, and ecological method of priming, in most cases leads to improvement of germination and vigour of soybean seed.

The aim of the research was to test the effect of foliar-applied solutions of ascorbic acid (AsA), glycine betaine (GB), salicylic acid (SA) and water as a second control on the yield and seed germination of the soybean (Glycine hispida (Moench) Maxim.) cultivar 'Sava' as well as their influence on the content of N, P, K and Ca in soybean seeds, and to estimate the intensity of lipid peroxidation and free proline content in soybean seedlings. The plants were treated with the solutions twice. The 1st spray treatment was done at growth stage 6: flowering (main shoot), when first flowers opened (sporadically in population), and the 2nd spray treatment was done at growth stage 7: development of fruits and seeds, when the first pod had reached final length of 15-20 mm. Foliar application of the solutions had a significant impact on seed yield and seed germination in both years of the experiment. In a favourable year 2016, treatments with ascorbic acid, glycine betaine and salicylic acid solution significantly increased seed yield by 6.21-9.67%. However, in an unfavourable year 2017, the effect was significantly greater with the application of water (yield increase 6.48%), while the application of glycine betaine solution even reduced the seed yield. In a favourable year 2016, treatments with ascorbic acid and salicylic acid solution significantly increased seed germination by 7% and 8%, respectively. In an unfavourable year 2017, also only ascorbic acid and salicylic acid significantly increased seed germination by 11% and 9%, respectively. However, when using cold test, when the seed was exposed to a low temperature of 10°C for 7 days and then placed under optimal seed germination conditions for 4 days, ascorbic acid and glycine betaine solution reduced seed germination in both experimental years. Therefore, further research is needed on the methods designed to increase seed germination of soybean, both in favourable and adverse conditions in Serbia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Serbica is the property of University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade is the property of University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the research was to test the effect of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) on soybean seed germination and yield depending on specific field conditions, years of study, exposure duration and frequency. Field trial was conducted on an experimental field of Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad, Serbia in 2010-2013. Seeds of the soybean (Glycine hispida (Moench)) medium-early cultivar 'Valjevka' were exposed to the PEMF therapy using the impulse generator and strip. Low-frequency (16, 24, 30 and 72 Hz) PEMF was used in the duration of 0, 30, 60 and 90 minutes. Research results indicate that this method can increase seed germination up to 8.00% and yield by 960.5 kg, or 21% in field conditions, which is a significant increase and a solid basis to introduce this practice, primarily in organic production with a very limited use of seed treatment preparations. However, the practice can have an inhibitory effect under an unfavourable combination of exposure duration and frequency. The obtained data were processed using the analysis of variance of three-factorial trials considering all years of study. Due to different meteorological conditions in the study years, analysis of variance was conducted for each year of study and correlations between the tested traits were examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examination of the impact of electromagnetic fields on function of biological systems is more recent direction in agriculture. Application of electromagnetic waves on seed activates the enzyme complex which results in better germination and growing. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of different groups of microorganisms and low-frequency electromagnetic waves to achieve high yields. The study was conducted at the experimental field of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad. Valjevka soybean variety was used. Necessary nutrients were provided by use of poultry manure in amount of: control, 750 and 1300 kg.ha-1 and incorporated mixture of useful microorganisms. Sub-plots include treatment of seeds with electromagnetic waves (15 Hz frequencies of exposure for 30 minutes) and the foliar treatment of plants with mixture of beneficial microorganisms in two growth stages of development. In the stage of development R3 were defined the basic parameters of the biological value of the soil, and achieved a high yield in the harvest. The results showed significant increase of soybean yield (21.4%) in the version with electromagnetic waves. The highest yield of 3179 kg.ha-1 was achieved in fertilization with 750 kg.ha-1 and use of electromagnetic waves, which was also in 4.44%, or 124 kg.ha-1 higher yield compared to the version without radiation. The results of investigated biogeny parameters of soil were compatible with soybean yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade is the property of University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this paper was to examine the effect of biostmulators on seed quality parameters - germination energy and germination, depending on the genotype and age of sunflower seeds. Testing has been conducted at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops on four cytoplasmic male sterile lines: OCMS-98 (L1), HA-NS-26 (L2), PH-BC2-74 (L3) and VL-A-8 (L4). Seed was produced in the period from 2010 to 2012. Two seed variants were tested - treated with metalaxyl-m and non-treated. Prior to sowing, seed was treated with fertilizes Slavol S, Bioplant Flora, and their combination. Selecting the right biostimulator for a particular genotype may lead to increased germination energy and germination, which has the positive effect on the number of plants per unit area, and hence the yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Camelina [ Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz] has increased cold, heat, and drought tolerance and decreased susceptibility to diseases and pests than oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Because water deficit at sowing leads to unsatisfactory stand establishment due to irregular seed germination and emergence, the aim of this study was to understand the response of camelina germination under osmotic stress and identify critical soil moisture levels for successful establishment. Two spring cultivars, NS Slatka and NS Zlatka, developed at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops Novi Sad, Serbia, were compared under 9 levels of osmotic stress, ranging from 0 MPa to −1.6 MPa. Polyethylene glycol was used to obtain the osmotic potential of the solutions. Results showed that the tested cultivars did not decrease germination under mild and medium osmotic stress levels (down to −0.8 MPa). However, germination significantly decreased in both cultivars under higher levels of osmotic stress, and NS Zlatka was more sensitive. Germination speed significantly increased at −0.4 MPa. The estimated osmotic potentials to stop germination were −1.45 MPa for NS Slatka and - 1.46 MPa for NS Zlatka. Time to 50% germination also showed a significant bi-linear trend in response to osmotic potential, but in the opposite direction than the one observed in germination. Inflection points were recorded at −0.77 MPa for NS Slatka and −0.78 MPa for NS Zlatka, thereafter time to 50% of germination rapidly increased. This study confirmed that camelina can withstand increased levels of drought stress at germination, so it could be considered a more suitable option than oilseed rape on marginal land, or environments with irregular precipitation. • Mild and medium osmotic stress did not affect camelina germination, while it notably decreased under higher stress levels. • Germination in optimal conditions were similar among genotypes, but they showed a different mechanism of response to drought. • Presence of seed mucilage may explain its outstanding performance during germination and early growth in dry environments. • C.sativa can be considered more suitable than oilseed rape for marginal lands and for irregular precipitation environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]