20 results on '"Spross, Johan"'
Search Results
2. Integrating life-cycle environmental impact and costs into geotechnical design.
- Author
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Samuelsson, Ida, Spross, Johan, and Larsson, Stefan
- Subjects
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ENVIRONMENTAL economics , *GREENHOUSE gases , *LIFE cycle costing , *ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis , *PRODUCT life cycle assessment - Abstract
Construction and infrastructure projects account for a large share of global greenhouse gas emissions. Included in these projects are geotechnical engineering works, which cause environmental impact and costs throughout their life cycle. In the geotechnical design process, the geotechnical engineer often has design choices where different methods and materials can be used. If assessments of environmental impact and costs were to be integrated into the geotechnical design process, the geotechnical work could be made more sustainable. As a result of this, there is a need for research on integrating the assessments of environmental impact and costs into the geotechnical design process. This paper, therefore, presents a methodology showing how life-cycle assessment and life-cycle cost analysis could be integrated into the geotechnical design process. The presented methodology is then illustrated in a practical example for assessing the climate impact and costs of high-speed railway embankment fill methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Toward risk-based life cycle assessments in geotechnical design
- Author
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Spross, Johan, Larsson, Stefan, Hintze, Staffan, Samuelsson, Ida, and Bergman, Niclas
- Subjects
Risk ,vertikaldräner ,PVD ,deep mixing ,livscykelkostnad ,Geoteknik ,geotechnical engineering ,design ,kalkcementpelare ,life cycle cost ,dimensionering - Abstract
Following an increased focus on societal sustainability, life-cycle considerations have become more important for owners of geotechnical engineering structures. A structural design shall not only perform well at the completion of the structure, but facilitate structural performance over the whole service life. A sustainable geotechnical design should therefore strive to minimise the total life-cycle cost of the structure. As a consequence, the design needs to consider the effect of potential future hazards and allow for cost-effective maintenance. This report takes a first step toward risk-based life-cycle assessments in geotechnical design. The report reviews the current state of the art of probabilistic life-cycle assessments in civil engineering, with a focus on geotechnical design. Based on this, a probabilistic decision tool for geotechnical design from a life-cycle perspective is proposed. The applicability of the tool is then illustrated for a practical case, where different design alternatives for an embankment foundation on soft clay (vertical drains or dry deep mixing columns) are evaluated with respect to a potential groundwater drawdown event, occurring during the service life of the embankment. To facilitate this life-cycle cost assessment, novel reliability-based design methodologies were developed both for surcharges on vertical drains and for dry deep mixing columns. The research results are summarised in this final report and in six scientific articles, which have been appended. Samhällets ökade intresse för hållbar utveckling har gjort livscykelanalyser alltmer relevanta för ägare av geotekniska anläggningar. Konstruktionens utformning ska inte bara avse förhållandena vid invigning, utan även fungera under konstruktionens hela dimensionerande livslängd. En geotekniker bör därför sträva efter att konstruktionens livscykelkostnad minimeras. Utformningen behöver därför väljas med beaktande av såväl framtida hot från extrema laster som kostnadseffektiva möjligheter till underhåll. Denna rapport tar ett första steg mot riskbaserade livcykelkostnadsanalyser inom geotekniken. Rapporten redogör för det nuvarande forskningsläget kring sannolikhetsbaserade livscykelanalyser inom anläggningsbyggande, med särskilt fokus på geotekniken. Utifrån detta har ett sannolikhetsbaserat beslutsverktyg tagits fram. Verktyget analyserar val mellan olika möjliga designalternativ utifrån möjliga effekter under hela livscykeln. Verktygets användbarhet visas genom ett illustrativt beräkningsexempel, där olika grundläggningsalternativ för en vägbank (vertikaldräner med överlast och kalkcementpelare av olika längd) utvärderas med avseende på effekten av en extrem grundvattensänkning, som potentiellt kan inträffa under vägbankens livslängd. För att kunna förse verktyget med relevant indata har även nya sannolikhetsbaserade metoder utvecklats för dimensionering av dessa grundläggningsalternativ. Forskningsresultaten sammanfattas i denna slutrapport, som även inkluderar sex vetenskapliga artiklar. This report has six scientific articles appended, accessible in the following links:Paper A: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-293858Paper B: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-290364Paper C: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-264902Paper D: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-316339Paper E: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-290163Paper F: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-320072QC 20230120
- Published
- 2022
4. Risk management and risk acceptance regarding the stability of slopes: Case study
- Author
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Beijer Lundberg, Anders, Alderlieste, Etienne, and Spross, Johan
- Subjects
Geoteknik ,Geotechnical Engineering - Abstract
Most earthworks result in an alteration of the stress state in the ground, either throughthe excavation of soil or the placement of surcharge on the ground surface. These stress changeshave the potential to cause a slope collapse or failure, often with large consequences for theconstruction project or the immediate environment. Slope stability calculations are thereforefrequently carried out for various load and excavation stages in the design phase to reduce therisk in the construction phase. Nevertheless, slope collapses sometimes occur, both small oneswith minor consequences, as well as larger ones with significant consequences for society. In thecurrent paper, a case history of a slope from Scandinavia is examined to assess how the risk ofslope stability was managed and allocated among the various agents, and how the slide coulddevelop. Was the risk acceptable for society on an aggregate level? The soil conditions and theconstruction process for the case studies are elaborated in detail with respect to the riskmanagement principles in ISO 31000 and the recently published guidelines from the SwedishGeotechnical Society. The risk acceptance and the concept of the risk owner, i.e. the entity thatowns the specific risk, is discussed for the case study, as well as the consequences of the specificconstruction contract. The acceptable aggregate risk, i.e. the risk the local and national authoritiescan permit, is elaborated. Paper was only published on the conference platform and was not part of any proceedings.QC 20210521
- Published
- 2021
5. Probabilistic observational method for design of surcharges on vertical drains
- Author
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Spross, Johan and Larsson, Stefan
- Subjects
Geoteknik ,Geotechnical Engineering ,consolidation ,embankments ,ground improvement - Abstract
Preloading with a surcharge is today commonly used together with prefabricated vertical drains forembankment construction on clayey soil to accelerate primary consolidation and increase strength.Because of considerable uncertainty related mainly to the rate of consolidation, there is a need toaccount for this in the vertical drain and surcharge design to ensure quality in the embankmentconstruction. Addressing this issue, the paper presents a novel probabilistic design methodology that iscompatible with the observational method. The procedure evaluates the suitable surcharge load to beused in combination with a vertical drain design in order to ensure that the established design criteriaare satisfied with acceptable probability. QC 20210218
- Published
- 2021
6. Reliability-based verification of serviceability limit states of dry deep mixing columns
- Author
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Spross, Johan, Bergman, Niclas, and Larsson, Stefan
- Subjects
Geoteknik ,Deep mixing ,Serviceability ,Observational method ,Reliability-based design ,Embankment ,Geotechnical Engineering - Abstract
Deep mixing columns commonly are used to reduce settlement under road and railway embankments on soft soils. However, the structural behavior of the soil volume improved with columns is difficult to predict, due to the existence of considerable uncertainties in the mixing process and the structural interaction between the columns and the untreated soil. This paper probabilistically investigated two serviceability limit states of deep mixing columns from a system reliability perspective. A design framework employing the observational method is proposed that considers allowable residual settlements, excessive settlement from column yielding, and the curing time of the columns. The design framework facilitates an effective reduction of the geotechnical uncertainty during construction and promotes risk-aware decision-making during both design and construction of the embankment. QC 20210215
- Published
- 2021
7. Toward reliability based serviceability limit state verification of dry deep mixing columns
- Author
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Spross, Johan, Bergman, Niclas, and Larsson, Stefan
- Subjects
Geoteknik ,reliability-based design ,serviceability ,dry deep mixing ,Geotechnical Engineering ,uncertainty - Abstract
Design of ground improvement by dry deep mixing to increase the stiffness of soft soil under embankmentsis critical in many infrastructure projects. To ensure high quality in the constructed embankment, the drydeep mixing columns need to be designed with respect to both ultimate and serviceability limit states.Because of the substantial geotechnical uncertainties that affect this design work, we propose the use ofreliability-based design approaches to ensure sufficient reliability in the column design. This papercontributes to the development of a reliability-based design methodology for the relevant serviceability limitstates of ground improvement by dry deep mixing. A common serviceability limit state for dry deep mixingunder embankments is analysed with respect to affecting geotechnical parameters and their associateduncertainties. Challenges on the way toward a full reliability-based design verification methodology for theserviceability of the ground improvement are also discussed. QC 20220815
- Published
- 2021
8. Risk management procedure to understand and interpret the geotechnical context.
- Author
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Spross, Johan, Olsson, Lars, Stille, Håkan, Hintze, Staffan, and Båtelsson, Olle
- Subjects
CONSTRUCTION projects ,GEOTECHNICAL engineering ,CONSTRUCTION workers ,METHODS engineering ,OFFICE buildings - Abstract
Unexpected and unforeseen geotechnical events cause large cost increases in geotechnical engineering projects and threaten construction workers' health and safety all around the world. Practical tools and guidelines for how to implement structured and effective risk management methods in geotechnical engineering projects are however few and rarely applied. The Swedish Geotechnical Society has therefore published a methodology for this issue. A key activity in this methodology is to create an understanding of and to interpret the geotechnical context in which the project is to be carried out. This paper presents a guide for how practising geotechnical engineers, hydrogeologists, and other related professionals can perform this activity in a structured way. The procedure is illustrated through the foundation design for a new office building in a geotechnically challenging environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Investigation of research needs regarding the storage of hydrogen gas in lined rock caverns : Prestudy for Work Package 2.3 in HYBRIT Research Program 1
- Author
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Johansson, Fredrik, Spross, Johan, Damasceno, Davi, Johansson, Jan, and Stille, Håkan
- Subjects
LRC ,inklädda bergrum ,Geoteknik ,lined rock caverns ,gaslagring ,hydrogen gas ,gas storage ,vätgas ,Geotechnical Engineering - Abstract
The objective of HYBRIT RP1 is to explore and assess pathways to fossil-free energy-mining-iron-steel value chains and thereby provide a basis for industrial development activities and the necessary future transformative change in this field. A large-scale storage capacity for hydrogen gas is an important component of the proposed HYBRIT concept. Underground storage in lined rock caverns provides a reasonable option: a large-scale demonstration plant for storage of natural gas was constructed in Sweden in 2002 and has operated safely since then. Considering that this lined rock cavern facility was constructed for natural gas, the present report investigates the current research needs to allow for underground storage of hydrogen gas in such a facility. This will serve as a basis for the research in Work Package 2.3 of HYBRIT RP1. Studying the experiences from decades of Swedish and international research and practice on the construction of underground gas storage facilities, the conclusion is that the lined rock cavern concept seems a reasonable way forward. In terms of rock engineering research, there are currently no critical research issues; however, a development of a previously proposed risk-based design framework for lined rock caverns may further strengthen the ability to manage risks related to underground gas storage facilities. The report identifies several potential research questions on this topic to be further studied: development of a risk-based design approach using subset simulation, the optimization potential of the concrete thickness in the lining, and the effect of spatial variation of rock mass properties on a location’s suitability for the storage facility. Additionally, the report identifies the potential effect of hydrogen embrittlement on the steel lining as a critical research issue to ensure safe storage of hydrogen gas in lined rock caverns. However, as this issue is not related to rock engineering, but a material issue, it will not be covered further in Work Package 2.3. Syftet med HYBRIT RP1 är att undersöka och utvärdera möjliga vägar till att göra värdekedjorna för energi-gruva-järn-stål fossilfria och därigenom ge en grund för industriella utvecklingsarbeten och den framtida omställningen. En viktig del i HYBRIT-konceptet utgörs av behovet av lagring av stora volymer vätgas. Lagring i inklädda bergrum är ett möjligt alternativ: en storskalig demonstrationsanläggning för lagring av naturgas byggdes 2002 i södra Sverige och har använts sedan dess. Eftersom denna anläggning konstruerades för naturgas, är syftet med denna rapport att undersöka det nuvarande forskningsbehovet för att kunna lagra vätgas i en sådan typ av anläggning. Detta kommer att utgöra basen för det fortsatta arbetet inom delprojekt 2.3 i HYBRIT RP1. Efter att ha studerat resultaten från svensk och internationell forskning, samt erfarenheterna från byggnation av inklädda bergrum för gaslagring, är slutsatsen att inklädda bergrum utgör ett rimligt alternativ för lagring av vätgas. Avseende bergmekanik finns det för närvarande inga kritiska frågeställningar. Däremot finns möjlighet att vidareutveckla riskbaserade dimensioneringsmetoder för inklädda bergrum, vilket kan stärka förmågan till god riskhantering vid byggnation av sådana anläggningar. Rapporten identifierar flera forskningsuppslag inom detta område att arbeta med inom delprojekt 2.3: utveckling av en riskbaserad dimensioneringsmetod med hjälp av subset-simulering, studie av optimeringspotentialen för betongliningens tjocklek, samt hur bergmassans rumsliga variation påverkar en plats lämplighet för anläggandet av ett inklätt bergrum. Avseende materialfrågor finns dock en kritisk frågeställning för underjordisk vätgaslagring: vätgasförsprödning av stålliningen ses som ett möjligt problem och bör studeras vidare. Men eftersom detta inte är relaterat till bergmekanik kommer det inte att studeras vidare inom delprojekt 2.3. QC 20180620 HYBRIT
- Published
- 2018
10. Tar byggherrar geotekniska risker på allvar?
- Author
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Larsson, Stefan, Spross, Johan, Bjureland, William, and Ignat, Razvan
- Subjects
Geoteknik ,Geotechnical Engineering - Abstract
During the fall of 2015, the state owned property company Akademiska hus started the construction of a new education building on KTH:s Campus. Due to the astounding and poor management of geotechnical risks during construction, we have in two previous papers discussed our observations and the built in system error that we consider exists. In this paper, we go deeper into more technical questions and present the process that we ran parallel to the construction with responsible authorities and Akademiska hus. As can be seen in the paper, property developers, such as Akademiska hus, flaws symptomatically in their management of geotechnical risks simultaneously as responsible authorities acts neglectfully. The paper brings a serious lack of competence in light which must be scrutinized and treated with urgency. Under hösten 2015 påbörjade Akademiska hus bygget av ett nytt undervisningshus på KTH:s Campus. Med anledning av den häpnadsväckande och bristfälliga hanteringen av geotekniska risker under byggnationen har vi i två tidigare artiklar diskuterat våra iakttagelser samt det inbyggda systemfel som vi anser finns. I denna artikel fördjupar vi oss i mer tekniska frågor och redovisar den process med ansvariga tillsynsmyndigheter samt Akademiska hus som vi drev parallellt med byggnationen. Som framgår av artikeln brister byggherrar som Akademiska hus symptomatiskt i sin hantering av geotekniska risker samtidigt som ansvariga tillsynsmyndigheter agerar försumligt. Artikeln påvisar en allvarlig kompetensbrist som måste ses över i alla led. QC 20170330
- Published
- 2017
11. When is the observational method in geotechnical engineering favourable?
- Author
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Spross, Johan and Johansson, Fredrik
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Observational method ,decision analysis ,Geoteknik ,reliability-based design ,Eurocode 7 ,Building and Construction ,Geotechnical Engineering ,Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Abstract
The observational method in geotechnical engineering is an acceptable verification method for limit states in Eurocode 7, but the method is rarely used despite its potential savings. Some reasons may be its unclear safety definition and the lack of guidelines on how to establish whether the observational method is more favourable than conventional design. In this paper, we challenge these issues by introducing a reliability constraint on the observational method and propose a probabilistic optimisation methodology that aids the decision-making engineer in choosing between the observational method and conventional design. The methodology suggests an optimal design after comparing the expected utilities of the considered design options. The methodology is illustrated with a practical example, in which a geotechnical engineer evaluates whether the observational method may be favourable in the design of a rock pillar. We conclude that the methodology may prove to be a valuable tool for decision-making engineers’ everyday work with managing risks in geotechnical projects. QC 20160923
- Published
- 2017
12. Tar husbyggare geoteknisk säkerhet på allvar?
- Author
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Larsson, Stefan, Spross, Johan, Bjureland, William, and Ignat, Razvan
- Subjects
Geoteknik ,Geotechnical Engineering - Abstract
Sedan 1 januari 2011 ska standarden Eurokod 7 användas för att garantera geotekniska konstruktioners säkerhet. Efter att på nära håll ha följt ett pågående husprojekt ifrågasätter vi nu hur väl uppföljningen av pågående grundläggnings- arbeten för byggnader fungerar. Hur lätt ska det vara att strunta i säkerheten — och komma undan med det utan konsekvenser? QC 20160714
- Published
- 2016
13. Toward a reliability framework for the observational method
- Author
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Spross, Johan
- Subjects
dammsäkerhet ,Geoteknik ,Eurokod 7 ,Eurocode 7 ,Rock engineering ,reliability analysis ,structural safety ,Bergmekanik ,Geotechnical Engineering ,sannolikhetsbaserad dimensionering ,observational method ,dam safety ,observationsmetoden - Abstract
Constructing sustainable structures in rock that satisfy all predefined technical specifications requires rational and effective construction methods. When the geotechnical behaviour is hard to predict, the European design code, Eurocode 7, suggests application of the observational method to verify that the performance is acceptable. The basic principle of the method is to accept predefined changes in the design during construction to comply with the actual ground conditions, if the current design is found unsuitable. Even though this in theory should ensure an effective design solution, formal application of the observational method is rare. Investigating the applicability of the observational method in rock engineering, the aim of this thesis is to identify, highlight, and solve the aspects of the method that limit its wider application. Furthermore, the thesis aims to improve the conceptual understanding of how design decisions should be made when large uncertainties are present. The main research contribution is a probabilistic framework for the observational method. The suggested methodology allows comparison of the merits of the observational method with that of conventional design. Among other things, the thesis also discusses (1) the apparent contradiction between the preference for advanced probabilistic calculation methods and sound, qualitative engineering judgement, (2) how the establishment of limit states and alarm limits must be carefully considered to ensure structural safety, and (3) the applicability of the Eurocode definition of the observational method and the implications of deviations from its principles. För att kunna konstruera en anläggning i berg, som uppfyller satta tekniska krav, krävs det en rationell och effektiv konstruktionsmetod. När konstruktionens beteende är svårt att förutsäga, erbjuder den europeiska standarden Eurokod 7 den så kallade observationsmetoden. Denna metod tillåter i förväg förberedda förändringar i designen under konstruktionstiden, om observationer av konstruktionens beteende indikerar att så behövs. På så vis anpassas konstruktionen till de faktiska förhållandena i marken. Trots att detta tillvägagångssätt i teorin ger en rationell design, används metoden sällan i enlighet med Eurokod 7. Denna doktorsavhandling undersöker tillämpbarheten av observa-tionsmetoden när man bygger i och på berg. Målet är att belysa de aspekter som begränsar dess användning och i dessa fall föreslå förbättringar som ökar tillämpbarheten. I ett vidare perspektiv syftar avhandlingen även till att förbättra den konceptuella förståelsen för hur beslut bör fattas i designprocessen när det finns stora osäkerheter. Avhandlingen visar hur observationsmetoden kan användas i ett sannolikhetsbaserat ramverk. Metodiken ger användaren möjlighet att jämföra för- och nackdelarna med observationsmetoden och konventionell dimensionering. Avhandlingen diskuterar bland annat även (1) den skenbara motsatsen mellan användandet av sannolikhetsbaserade beräkningsmetoder för att lösa komplexa dimensioneringsfrågor och kvalitativa ingenjörsmässiga bedömningar, (2) hur larmgränser och brottgränstillstånd bör definieras för att ge tillräcklig säkerhetsmarginal, samt (3) hur Eurokod 7:s strikta definition av observationsmetoden påverkar dess användbarhet. QC 20160926
- Published
- 2016
14. Would risk management have helped? – A case study
- Author
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Spross, Johan, Olsson, Lars, Hintze, Staffan, and Stille, Håkan
- Subjects
case study ,Geoteknik ,Risk management ,Geotechnical Engineering ,sheet-pile wall ,failure - Abstract
To reduce the costs of unexpected geotechnical events in construction projects in Sweden, the Swedish Geotechnical Society has adopted a general methodology for risk management. In this paper, we exemplify how the proposed risk management philosophy could have been applied on a sheet-pile wall, which failed in 1992 in Stockholm because the design did not consider the complex site conditions. Focusing on the design phase, we discuss how geotechnical risks may be managed effectively as a natural part of the engineer’s everyday work. QC 20160212
- Published
- 2015
15. Hantering av geotekniska risker i byggprojekt : Ett praktiskt tillämpningsexempel
- Author
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Spross, Johan, Olsson, Lars, Hintze, Staffan, and Stille, Håkan
- Subjects
Geoteknik ,riskhantering ,spont ,Geotechnical Engineering ,observationsmetoden - Abstract
Skador till följd av utfall av negativa geotekniska risker kostar stora summor för svensk byggindustri. Det krävs därför en effektiv och transparent riskhantering som kan minska kostnaderna. I dagsläget används sällan de verktyg som finns tillgängliga för riskhantering fullt ut i byggprojekten. Denna rapport visar hur ett sådant verktyg, Svenska Geotekniska Föreningens metodbeskrivning för geoteknisk riskhantering (SGF Rapport 1:2014), kan användas i praktiken. Vi ger ett omfattande illustrativt exempel på hur riskhantering kan utföras i alla skeden av ett typiskt geotekniskt projekt från idéfas till driftskede. Exemplet är fingerat men baserar sig på schakt och grundläggning till utbyggnaden av Hästsportens hus vid Solvalla travbana från 1992. Det är vår uppfattning att metodiken i SGF Rapport 1:2014 är tillämpbar på alla skeden i byggprocessen, från idéfas till driftfas, i både stora och små projekt. Det är dock avgörande att riskhanteringen anpassas till varje nytt projekt eller projektskede. Det strukturerade arbetssättet som metodiken ger höjer kvalitén på riskhanteringen jämfört med ett ad hoc-betonat arbetssätt, som man ofta ser i dagens projektstyrning. Med tanke på denna höjda kvalitet menar vi att riskkostnaderna kan bli mindre. En absolut grund för detta är dock att man uppfyller de fyra baskraven. Dessa syftar dels till att skapa och upprätthålla en kultur där man är medveten om risker som finns hur de påverkar projektet, dels till att definiera och tydliggöra riskhanteringen inom organisationen så att inget faller mellan stolarna. Därför är det viktigaste kravet att den som bestämmer har en medveten risksyn. QC 20151211
- Published
- 2015
16. Characteristic values of geotechnical parameters in Eurocode 7.
- Author
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Prästings, Anders, Spross, Johan, and Larsson, Stefan
- Subjects
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DEFINITIONS , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *GEOTECHNICAL engineering - Abstract
Lack of harmonisation between reliability-based design and the partial factor method in Eurocode 7 (EN 1997-1:2004) is preventing the widespread introduction of a risk-based concept in geotechnical design. This paper discusses how uncertainties are managed according to EN 1997-1:2004 and possible implications of not harmonising the current safety format with reliability-based design. One of several challenges highlighted is how EN 1997-1:2004 defines the characteristic value and design value. The characteristic value is therein defined based on a classical frequentist approach through a confidence interval. From a Bayesian point of view, the current definition does not treat the characteristic value as an uncertain variable. Consequently, the definitions of the characteristic value and design value in EN 1997-1:2004 feature weak connections between uncertainties in the geotechnical properties and the consequences of failure, as regulated by the target reliability index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. A Critical Review of the Observational Method
- Author
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Spross, Johan
- Subjects
tunnelling ,Geoteknik ,Rock mechanics ,Eurocode 7 ,reliability analysis ,Geotechnical Engineering ,observational method ,dam safety ,system reliability - Abstract
Building a sustainable structure in soil or rock that satisfies all predefined technical requirements implies choosing a rational and effective construction method. An important aspect is how the performance of the structure is verified. For cases when the geotechnical behaviour is hard to predict, the existing design code for geotechnical structures, Eurocode 7, suggests the so-called “observational method” to verify that the performance is acceptable. The basic principle of the method is to accept predefined changes in the design during construction, in order to accommodate the actual ground conditions, if the current design is found unsuitable. Even though this in theory should ensure an effective design solution, formal application of the observational method is rare. It is therefore not clear which prerequisites and circumstances that must be present for the observational method to be applicable and be the more suitable method. This licentiate thesis gives a critical review of the observational method, based on, and therefore limited by, the outcome of the performed case studies. The aim is to identify and highlight the crucial aspects that make the observational method difficult to apply, thereby providing a basis for research towards a more applicable definition of the method. The main topics of discussion are (1) the apparent contradiction between the preference for advanced probabilistic calculation methods to solve complex design problems and sound, qualitative engineering judgement, (2) the limitations of measurement data in assessing the safety of a structure, (3) the fact that currently, no safety margin is required for the completed structure when the observational method is applied, and (4) the rigidity of the current definition of the observational method and the implications of deviations from its principles. Based on the review, it is argued that the observational method can be improved by linking it to a probabilistic framework. To be applicable, the method should be supported by guidelines that explain and exemplify how to make the best use of it. The engineering judgement is however not lost; no matter how elaborate probabilistic methods are used, sound judgement is still needed to define the problem correctly. How to define such a probabilistic framework is an urgent topic for future research, because this also addresses the concerns regarding safety that is raised in the other topics of discussion. För att i berg eller jord kunna konstruera en anläggning, som uppfyller satta tekniska krav, krävs det att man väljer en rationell och effektiv konstruktionsmetod. En viktig aspekt i detta val är hur man verifierar konstruktionens funktion avseende exempelvis bärförmåga eller stadga. För fall när konstruktionens beteende svårt att förutsäga, erbjuder gällande standard (Eurokod 7) den så kallade observationsmetoden. Denna metod tillåter i förväg förberedda förändringar i designen under konstruktionstiden, om observationer av konstruktionens beteende indikerar att så behövs. På så vis anpassas konstruktionen till de faktiska förhållandena i marken. Trots att detta tillvägagångssätt i teorin borde ge en rationell design, används metoden sällan. Det råder därför oklarheter om vilka förutsättningar och omständigheter som krävs för att observationsmetoden ska kunna användas och dessutom utgöra den bästa lösningen. I denna licentiatuppsats granskas observationsmetoden och dess användbarhet. Målet med licentiatuppsatsen är att belysa de aspekter som kan utgöra svårigheter när observationsmetoden används. Dessa identifierades under arbetet med några fallstudier. Licentiatuppsatsen ger därmed en utgångspunkt för fortsatt forskning för att ta fram en mer användbar definition av observationsmetoden. De viktigaste aspekterna som diskuteras i uppsatsen är (1) den skenbara motsatsen mellan användandet av sannolikhetsbaserade beräkningsmetoder för att lösa komplexa dimensioneringsfrågor och kvalitativa ingenjörsmässiga bedömningar, (2) de begränsningar som finns när man använder mätdata för att utvärdera konstruktioners säkerhet, (3) att det för tillfället saknas krav på säkerhetsmarginal mot brott för konstruktioner som byggts med observationsmetoden, och (4) vad svårigheten att uppfylla Eurokodens strikta definition innebär för metodens användbarhet. Utifrån resultatet av granskningen dras slutsatsen att observationsmetoden kan förbättras genom att ge den ett sannolikhetsbaserat ramverk. För att förenkla användningen bör riktlinjer och anvisningar utformas. Även om metoden utvecklas mot en högre grad av beräkningskomplexitet, kommer ingenjörsmässiga bedömningar också framgent att vara viktiga, eftersom en avgörande aspekt är hur problemställningen formuleras. Med ett sannolikhetsbaserat ramverk ökar möjligheten att lösa de frågeställningar kring säkerhet som också diskuteras i uppsatsen. QC 20140415
- Published
- 2014
18. Dammsäkerhet - Islast mot dammkonstruktioner : Sammanställning av kunskapsläget samt förslag till forskning och utveckling
- Author
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Johansson, Fredrik, Spross, Johan, and Fransson, Lennart
- Subjects
Geoteknik ,Geotechnical Engineering - Abstract
QC 20131216
- Published
- 2013
19. The Swedish Geotechnical Society’s methodology for risk management: a tool for engineers in their everyday work.
- Author
-
Spross, Johan, Olsson, Lars, and Stille, Håkan
- Subjects
GEOTECHNICAL engineering ,ENGINEERING geologists ,CONSTRUCTION projects ,CONSTRUCTION industry ,RISK assessment - Abstract
The Swedish Geotechnical Society has adopted a general methodology for risk management in geotechnical engineering projects to reduce the costs related to negative outcomes of geotechnical risks. This technical note highlights the main features of the methodology and strives to inspire the international geotechnical community to apply sensible risk management methods. In the authors’ opinion, a successful geotechnical risk management needs to be structured, be tailored to the project, and permeate the engineers’ everyday work. Then, sufficient quality can be achieved in the project with larger probability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Extended multivariate approach for uncertainty reduction in the assessment of undrained shear strength in clays.
- Author
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Müller, Rasmus, Larsson, Stefan, and Spross, Johan
- Subjects
GEOTECHNICAL engineering ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,MEASUREMENT of shear strength ,GEOLOGICAL statistics ,SOIL mechanics ,EMBANKMENTS ,UNCERTAINTY (Information theory) ,CLAY testing - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Geotechnical Journal is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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