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This study focuses on the primary synoptic‐scale patterns and precursors of extreme and non‐extreme precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Atmospheric circulation anomalies and their precursors associated with regional extreme precipitation events (REPE) demonstrate distinct precursor wave train and heightened intensity than regional non‐extreme precipitation events (non‐REPE). Specifically, REPE over the northwestern TP (NWTP) exhibits a geopotential height anomaly induced by a latitudinal propagating Rossby wave train along 40°N. In contrast, over the southeastern TP (SETP), REPE is characterized by a geopotential height anomaly caused by a northwest‐southeastward propagating Rossby wave train. The ascending motion anomalies of REPE over both NWTP and SETP are primarily attributed to the geostrophic zonal temperature advection, which is significantly stronger during REPE compared to non‐REPE. This finding provides valuable insights for forecasting summer extreme precipitation over TP. Plain Language Summary: Tibetan Plateau (TP) is experiencing warming and increased humidity in the context of climate change, leading to a rise in extreme precipitation events. This study focuses on analyzing the circulation patterns and precursors associated with summer extreme precipitation over TP, aiming to identify differences between extreme and non‐extreme precipitation events, as well as explaining the unique characteristics of summer extreme precipitation over TP to answer the question of what distinguishes summer extreme precipitation from non‐extreme precipitation over TP. The findings suggest that summer regional extreme precipitation events (REPE) over the northwest and southeast TP (NWTP and SETP, respectively) display distinct characteristics in terms of atmospheric circulation anomalies and their precursors, which are significantly stronger compared to regional non‐extreme precipitation events (non‐REPE) of varying intensities observed in these two regions. The ascending motion (ω) anomalies responsible for TP's REPE are primarily influenced by the Laplacian of geostrophic zonal temperature advection (term B‐x). Key Points: The extreme precipitation characteristics of the NWTP and SETP, as well as the atmospheric circulation patterns influencing them, exhibit significant disparitiesCirculation anomalies associated with extreme precipitation exhibit a stronger and more distinct precursor wave train, compared to non‐extreme precipitationThe dominant factor driving ascending motion for extreme precipitation over TP is the geostrophic zonal temperature advection [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of global warming, the extreme summer precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) has changed significantly. In this study, the summer (June–August) extreme precipitation on the TP was classified into three spatial types by applying the K-means clustering method to the Third Pole Region long time-series high-resolution (1/30°) precipitation dataset (TPHiPr, 1979–2020). The characteristics of the circulation anomalies and precursors corresponding to the extreme precipitation on the TP in summer during 1979–2020 were investigated. The results showed that the summer extreme precipitation of the TP can be categorized into northwestern (NW), southeastern (SE), and southern Himalayan (HS) types based on extreme precipitation thresholds. The NW and SE types are mainly influenced by anomalous signals in the mid-to-high latitude regions upstream of them, whereas the HS type is controlled by the localized subtropical anomalous circulation. On the 8th day before the onset of the NW type, an anomalous cyclone was observed in the western Atlantic Ocean (60°W, 50°N), which triggered the west-to-east quasi-latitudinal propagation of Rossby waves. On the onset day of the NW type, the upper troposphere showed positive-negative-positive geopotential height anomalies along the latitudinal 40°N from the Caspian Sea, the western part of Xinjiang, to the northeastern TP. Moisture entered from the Arabian Sea along the southeastern edge of the anomalous cyclone on the southwestern TP and converged in the northwestern TP. Compared to the NW type, the precursors of the SE type appeared at higher latitudes and were more intense. On the 8th day before the onset of the SE type, an anomalous cyclone occurred near Greenland (60°W, 70°N) and excited Rossby waves propagating southeastward. On the onset day of the SE type, the upper troposphere showed negative-positive-negative geopotential height anomalies across Eurasia from the Ural Mountains and the Iranian Plateau to the northern TP in the northwest-southeast direction and entered the southeastern TP from the Bay of Bengal along the southeastern edge of the anomalous cyclone in the southern TP. On the 6th day before the onset of the HS type, the anomalously high pressure in the middle and lower layers of the low-latitude region extended westward, and a significant anticyclonic anomalous circulation occurred on the southern TP on the onset day of the HS type, enabling the delivery of moisture from the Bay of Bengal to the southern foothills of the Himalayas. Additionally, an anomalous cyclone perched in the northeastern TP at a geopotential height of 200 hPa strengthened westerly winds in the southern TP and contributed to the maintenance of the anticyclonic system on the southern TP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]