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International audience; 10 Be-derived catchment-wide denudation rates are positively correlated with topographic indices in the southern Longmen Shan.  Erosion rates are consistent over short-and long-term timescales across the Longmen Shan, suggesting an exhumational steady state.  Rock uplift pattern and topographic evolution across the Longmen Shan have been largely controlled by upper crustal shortening and fault geometry.

We present the geomorphology of the Southern Atbai Plain (Eastern Sudan) and the western edge of the Eritrean Highlands (Western Eritrea), in the eastern Sahel. The mountainous area consists of Paleo-Proterozoic gneiss and Neo-Proterozoic igneous rocks and meta-volcanic assemblages shaped as inselbergs and whaleback landforms by weathering. Bare-rock hills emerge from a gentle glacis that oversees the Southern Atbai alluvial plain, located between the Atbara and Gash Rivers. The plain features the SSE-NNW-oriented endorheic terminal fan of the Gash River and is crossed by intricate Early to Late Pleistocene paleochannels, whose evolution was controlled by the interplay between Quaternary regional tectonics and arid to humid climatic and environmental oscillations. The map is intended to interpret the evolution of local landscape, thus representing a tool for reconstructing the spatial and temporal distribution of Late Quaternary archaeological features and their functional relationships with the fossil fluvial system and the western foothills.

Study on multi-channel seismic records from South Batanta Basin, West Papua acquired during RV Geomarin III cruise in 2013 were aimed to invent and map geological aspects and for geo-tectonic and geological history studies. Seismic data indicate that sediment sequences which can be observed from our seismic system in the study area are characterized by pre-extension sediments (Lower Early Miocene-Upper Early Pliocene), syn-extension sediments (Lower Middle Pliocene-Upper Late Pliocene), post-extension sediments (Early Pleistocene), and syn-inversion sediments (Late Pleistocene-Recent) typical of the West Papua tectonic system. In the study area, sediment sequences are possibly characterized by clastical sedimentary cover such as slumps, debrites and turbidites. Key words: South Batanta Basin, seismic sequence, tectonic, faults, clastical sediments. Studi rekaman seismik multi kanal dari Cekungan Batanta Selatan, Papua Barat yang diperoleh selama pelayaran KR Geomarin III pada tahun 2013 bertujuan untuk menginventarisir dan memetakan aspek-aspek geologi serta untuk studi geo-tektonik dan sejarah geologi. Data seismik menunjukkan bahwa urutan sedimen yang dapat diamati dari sistem seismik di daerah studi ditandai oleh sedimen pra-ekstensi (Miosen Awal Bagian Bawah-Pliosen Awal Bagian Atas), sedimen syn-ekstensi (Pliosen Tengah Bagian Bawah-Pliosen Akhir Bagian Atas), sedimen post-ekstensi (Plestosen Awal), dan sedimen syn-inversi (Pleistosen Akhir-Resen) tipikal sistem tektonik Papua Barat. Di daerah studi, urutan sedimen dicirikan oleh sedimen penutup klastika kemungkinan berupa slump, debrit dan turbidit. Kata kunci: Cekungan Batanta Selatan, sekuen seismik, tektonik, sesar, sedimen klastika.

In the coastal sector of NW Sicily, the regional correlation of relevant unconformities recognised within the Quaternary sedimentary successions allowed the mapping of seven unconformity-bounded stratigraphic units (UBSUs). The regional unconformities are marine or subaerial erosional surfaces, as well as non-depositional surfaces, locally marked by paleosoils. The erosional surfaces were produced from marine abrasion, surface water overland/concentrated flow, river erosion, karst solution, mass movement, or wind erosion. The main lithofacies of the Quaternary UBSUs consist of: (a) marine and coastal bioclastic calcarenites, (b) aeolian sandstones, (c) river deposits, (d) colluvial deposits, (e) talus slope deposits, (f) landslide deposits, and (g) chemical carbonates (travertines and speleothems). Quaternary environmental changes, due to tectonics, climate, and sea-level oscillations, are the causes that favoured the development of erosion/deposition processes responsible for the genesis of unconformities and deposits. As a result, through the UBSU map of the NW Sicilian coastal belt, it is possible to: (i) recognise stratigraphic units controlled by tectonic, climatic, and environmental processes (and their interplay) and (ii) detect Quaternary sedimentary evolution.

A multidisciplinary methodology, integrating stratigraphic, geomorphological and structural data, combined with GIS-aided analysis and PS-InSAR interferomettic data, was applied to characterize the relationships between ground deformations and the stratigraphic and the morphostructural setting of the Venafro intermontane basin. This basin is a morphostructural depression related to NW-SE and NE-SW oriented high angle normal faults bordering and crossing it. In particular, a well-known active fault crossing the plain is the Aquae Juliae Fault, whose recent activity is evidenced by archeoseismological data. The approach applied here reveals new evidence of possible faulting, acting during the Lower to Upper Pleistocene, which has driven the morphotectonic and the environmental evolution of the basin. In particular, the tectonic setting emerging from this study highlights the influence of the NW-SE oriented extensional phase during the late Lower Pleistocene- early Middle Pleistocene, in the generation of NE-SW trending, SE dipping, high-angle faults and NW-SE trending, high-angle transtensive faults. This phase has been followed by a NE-SW extensional one, responsible for the formation of NW-SE trending, both NW and SE dipping, high-angle normal faults, and the reactivation of the oldest NE-SW oriented structures. These NW-SE trending normal faults include the Aquae Juliae Fault and a new one, unknown until now, crossing the plain between the Venafro village and the Colle Cupone Mt. (hereinafter named the Venafro-Colle Cupone Fault, VCCF). This fault has controlled deposition of the youngest sedimentary units (late Middle Pleistocene to late Upper Pleistocene) suggesting its recent activity and it is well constrained by PSInSAR data, as testified by the increase of the subsidence rate in the hanging wall block. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Primjenom metoda GIS-a temeljenih na analizi susjedstva promatran je prostorni raspored i gustoća ponikava u SZ dijelu Velike Kapele. Rezultati dobiveni analizom formiranih prostornih baza podataka ukazuju na prostorni raspored pukotina odnosno rasjeda, ali i intenzitet veze između pružanja i gustoće ponikava, te utvrđenih lineamenata. Usporedbom rasjeda određenih temeljem analize ponikava, sa rasjedima vidljivih na digitalnom modelu reljefa (DEM), te rasjedima uočenim terenskim kartiranjem određene su temeljne tektonske cjeline, odnosno tektonski blokovi unutar istraživanog područja. Veći regionalni i lokalni rasjedi determinirani na digitalnom modelu reljefa odvajaju pojedine tektonske cjeline, dok manji lokalni rasjedi izvedeni na temelju linearno razvijenih ponikava, uglavnom razdvajaju manje tektonske blokove, te ukazuju na deformacije i ispucanost pojedinog bloka., GIS based buffer analysis methods were applied for analysing spatial distribution and density of dolinas in the NW part of Velika Kapela. Results extracted from existing spatial databases indicated spatial distribution of faults, as well as a degree of relationship between direction and density of dolinas with identified lineaments. By comparing faults identified from dolina analysis, with faults identified during on-situ mapping, major tectonic blocks or units within researched area were identified. Bigger regional and local faults identified from digital elevation model are dividing larger tectonic units, while smaller local faults derived from linearly developed dolina are mostly dividing smaller tectonic blocks and can indicate their degree of faultness and deformities.

Brittle deformation on Ganymede surface is represented by grooves tectonic linear landforms. These are regional scale structures that show well-defined morphology from straight to curvilinear. High density of grooves occupies most of the light terrain of the satellite, the grooved terrain. We map grooves on the USGS Voyager and Galileo Mosaic of Ganymede in order to unravel their spatial distribution and tectonic setting. A total of 14,707 grooves were identified, digitized and statistically analysed. A quantitative structural geology approach was used to classify grooves, by considering their azimuth and regional rotation. This procedure allowed to recognize a total of four groove families, named the NE, WNW, NW, and N-S super-systems. The presented structural map represents a tool to study the stress conditions associated with the groove formation and evolution. This map also aims to contribute to the scientific preparation of the upcoming missions and future exploration of Ganymede.

International audience; In order to investigate the impact of orogenic inheritance on the characteristics of hyperextended rift systems we develop new mapping methods highlighting the first-order architecture and timing of hyperextended rifts, as well as the distribution of heterogeneities inherited from previous orogenies. We use these to characterize the North Atlantic rift system and adjacent areas affected by the Palaeozoic Caledonian and Variscan orogenies. Comparison of these maps demonstrates major differences in the behaviour of the North Atlantic rift relative to both orogens, the Variscan front appearing to be a major limit. Indeed, the rift cuts through the Caledonian orogen and parallels its structural grain, while it circumvents the core of the Variscides. In addition, rifting is protracted and polyphase, and breakup is magma-rich North to the Variscan front, as opposed to the South where a single, apparently continuous extensional event lead to magma-poor breakup in less than 50 Myr. These observations point to a major influence of orogenic inheritance on the characteristics of hyperextended rift systems. On the other hand, our study supports that rifts reactivate sutures corresponding to former large (> 2 000 km) oceans, while leaving sutures of small (< 500 – 1 000 km) oceanic basins little affected, suggesting a significant impact of the pre-orogenic histories on subsequent extensional processes.

Graphicalabstract Condensed timetable of major geologic events in the East African Orogen. Opening of the Mozambique Ocean and formation of rift basins in Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique and SW Madagascar was accompanied by emplacement of anorthosite melt in extending crust. A first phase of ocean closure and accretion of terranes defines the East African Orogeny. The second orogen phase, Kuungan Orogeny, mainly affected the southern parts of east Africa and Madagascar. Both shortening events were followed by extension phases that were accompanied by emplacement of late- to post-tectonic granitoids. EGCD: Eastern Granulite–Cabo Delgado Nappe Complex; Madag: Madagascar; Ub–Us: Usagaran/Ubendian Belts; WG: Western Granulite Belt; IB (Z–M): Irumide Belt of Zambia and Malawi; IB (M): Irumide Belt of Mozambique., Highlights • We review the tectonic evolution of the East African Orogen. • We present tectonic and metamorphic maps from East Africa and Madagascar. • We define orgogen styles of East African and Kuungan orogenies., The East African Orogen, extending from southern Israel, Sinai and Jordan in the north to Mozambique and Madagascar in the south, is the world́s largest Neoproterozoic to Cambrian orogenic complex. It comprises a collage of individual oceanic domains and continental fragments between the Archean Sahara–Congo–Kalahari Cratons in the west and Neoproterozoic India in the east. Orogen consolidation was achieved during distinct phases of orogeny between ∼850 and 550 Ma. The northern part of the orogen, the Arabian–Nubian Shield, is predominantly juvenile Neoproterozoic crust that formed in and adjacent to the Mozambique Ocean. The ocean closed during a protracted period of island-arc and microcontinent accretion between ∼850 and 620 Ma. To the south of the Arabian Nubian Shield, the Eastern Granulite–Cabo Delgado Nappe Complex of southern Kenya, Tanzania and Mozambique was an extended crust that formed adjacent to theMozambique Ocean and experienced a ∼650–620 Ma granulite-facies metamorphism. Completion of the nappe assembly around 620 Ma is defined as the East African Orogeny and was related to closure of the Mozambique Ocean. Oceans persisted after 620 Ma between East Antarctica, India, southern parts of the Congo–Tanzania–Bangweulu Cratons and the Zimbabwe–Kalahari Craton. They closed during the ∼600–500 Ma Kuungan or Malagasy Orogeny, a tectonothermal event that affected large portions of southern Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, Madagascar and Antarctica. The East African and Kuungan Orogenies were followed by phases of post-orogenic extension. Early ∼600–550 Ma extension is recorded in the Arabian–Nubian Shield and the Eastern Granulite–Cabo Delgado Nappe Complex. Later ∼550–480 Ma extension affected Mozambique and southern Madagascar. Both extension phases, although diachronous,are interpreted as the result of lithospheric delamination. Along the strike of the East African Orogen, different geodynamic settings resulted in the evolution of distinctly different orogen styles. The Arabian–Nubian Shield is an accretion-type orogen comprising a stack of thin-skinned nappes resulting from the oblique convergence of bounding plates. The Eastern Granulite–Cabo Delgado Nappe Complex is interpreted as a hot- to ultra-hot orogen that evolved from a formerly extended crust. Low viscosity lower crust resisted one-sided subduction, instead a sagduction-type orogen developed. The regions of Tanzania and Madagascar affected by the Kuungan Orogeny are considered a Himalayan-type orogen composed of partly doubly thickened crust.

Chiocci, Francesco L. ... et. al.-- 6 pages, 2 figures, High-resolution morpho-bathymetric data at 1:200,000 scale obtained during the FAIVI cruise (2011) and the resulting geomorphologic map of the Terceira island offshore area (central Azores, Portugal) are presented for the first time. The uneven morphology around Terceira is primarily related to volcanic features, such as linear and cone-shaped eruptive centres and lava flows. Such features are mostly concentrated on volcanic ridges and are aligned along preferential axes, suggesting a strong interaction between tectonics and volcanic processes. The occurrence of active tectonics is also demonstrated by systems of faults cutting the seafloor to the north, east and south of the island. Mapped erosive-depositional features include an insular shelf located at < 150 m water depth (wd), small landslide headwalls, erosive scarps, channelized features and crescent-shaped bedforms. The presented map may represent the base for a first-order geo-hazard assessment. © 2013 Copyright D. Casalbore

Surface processes involve complex feedback effects between tectonic and climatic influences in the high mountains of Pamir. The ongoing India–Asia collision provokes the development of east–west-trending mountain ranges that impose structural control on flow directions of the Pamir rivers. The evolving relief is further controlled by strong moisture gradients. The decreasing precipitations from the southern and western margins of the Pamir Plateau to its center, in their turn, control the emplacement of glaciers. Chronologies of glacial records from the Pamir Plateau attest for strong climatic variability during the Quaternary. Corresponding remnants of glacial advances suggest glacial morphodynamic restricted to >4,000 m a.s.l. since marine isotope stage 4. The Panj, the trunk river of Pamir, deflects from the predominant westward drainage, connecting its main tributaries at the western margin of the drainage basin. The geometry of the river network and the pattern of incision characterize the Panj as a composite river. River reaches of indicated low incision coincide with west-trending valleys, parallel to domes and their bounding faults. Valley shape ratios reflect increased incision in north-trending sections, but do not match with changes in the catchment geometry or erodibility of rock types. Modelled riverbed profiles distinguish three Panj reaches. The upstream increase in convexity suggests successive river captures in response to local base-level changes. The northward-deflected river reaches link the local base levels, which coincide with the southern boundaries of the Shakhdara and Yazgulom Dome and Darvaz Range. We argue that tectonics plays a large role controlling the drainage system of the Panj and hence surface processes in the Pamir mountains.

This current study aims to understand the geomorphological framework and morphotectonic aspects from area of the topographic chart Rio Mamuaba 1: 25.000, considering as an analytical basis the existing interrelationships between geology, topography and hydrography of the area. It sought to point out neotectonic evidences in the area including the chart by morphotectonic and morphometric analysis applied to segments of the drainage network. The investigated topographic chart is located on the eastern edge of the Paraiba state, north-eastern Brazil. To provide the analysis of morphotectonic were applied fluvio-morphometric indices, to investigate anomalies in patterns of drainage networks, related to recent tectonics. The Indexes Slope / Extension Relation (SER) and Bottom/ Valley Height Rate (BVHR) were used in this study, with the intention to indicate possible changes in the course of the rivers over the geological time, and find out the width and depth of the slopes. The results allowed to recognize anomalous patterns in the drainage network both in qualitative and quantitative aspects, and also in the landforms, which likely are direct related to recent tectonic events of regional character, which covers the eastern edge of the Brazilian northeast. The area of the current study is inserted between the Precambrian crystalline basement and the Sedimentary Basin of Paraiba, specifically in Alhandra Sub-Basin. On the surface, the cited area is represented mostly by Barreiras formation (Miocene) which covers, in part, the Paraiba basin and crystalline base in a discordant way. For morphostructural and morphotectonic analysis, was produced thematic maps: hipsometric, declivity and geomorphological, beyond substantial adjustments in the geological chart to suit the scale of 1: 25.000, roughness analysis, topographic profiles and 3D models. The thematic maps and Elevation Digital Model (EDM) were generated in specialized softwares, based on data extracted from Rio Mamuaba chart by manual vectorization, such as contour lines with equidistance of 10 meters, measured points and other elements, such as hydrography, highways and roads. The confection of the geomorphological chart was based on the methodology proposed by Ross (1992), which is based on the taxonomic units of relief. Within the geomorphology of the area showed up two main patterns of deformation: the succession of grabens and horsts and topographical domes that may be associated with tectonic inversion structures. The results show that it can not deny the influence of post-Miocene tectonics in relief configuration on an edge of a Continental Passive Border. Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES O presente estudo tem por objetivo compreender o quadro geomorfológico e os aspectos morfotectônicos da área da carta topográfica Rio Mamuaba 1:25.000, considerando como embasamento analítico as inter-relações existentes entre a geologia, o relevo e a hidrografia da área. Procurou-se apontar evidências de neotectônica na área compreendida pela carta, através da análise morfotectônica e morfométrica aplicada em seguimentos da rede de drenagem. A carta topográfica investigada está situada na borda oriental do estado da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil. Para a análise da morfotectônica foram aplicados índices fluvio-morfométricos, no sentido de averiguar anomalias nos padrões de redes de drenagem, relacionadas à tectônica recente. Os índices Relação Declividade/Extensão (RDE) e Razão Fundo/Altura de Vale (RFAV) foram empregados nesse estudo, com a intensão de indicar possíveis mudanças no curso de rios ao longo do tempo geológico, e averiguar a largura e profundidade das vertentes. Os resultados permitiram reconhecer padrões anômalos na rede de drenagem tanto nos aspectos qualitativos como quantitativos, e nas formas de relevo, que provavelmente encontram correspondência direta com eventos tectônicos recentes, de caráter regional, que abrange toda a borda oriental do Nordeste do Brasil. A área está inserida entre o embasamento cristalino do Pré-Cambriano e a Bacia Sedimentar da Paraíba, mais especificamente na Sub-Bacia de Alhandra. Em superfície, a referida área está representada, na sua maior parte, pela Formação Barreiras (Mioceno), que recobre, em partes, a Bacia da Paraíba e o embasamento cristalino de forma discordante. Para a análise morfoestrutural e morfotectônica, elaboraram-se cartas: hipsométrica, clinográfica e geomorfológica, além de ajustes substanciais na carta geológica para adequar a escala de 1:25.000, análise da rugosidade, perfis topográficos e modelos em 3D. As cartas temáticas e o MDE foram gerados em softwares especializados, com base em dados extraídos da carta Rio Mamuaba por meio de vetorização manual, como: curvas de nível com equidistância de 10 metros, pontos cotados e outros elementos, a exemplo da hidrografia, rodovias e estradas. A elaboração da carta geomorfológica foi fundamentada na metodologia proposta por Ross (1992), que tem como base as unidades taxonômicas do relevo. Dentro da geomorfologia da região, apresentaram-se dois padrões principais de deformação: a sucessão de grabens e horsts e domos topográficos, que podem estar associados às estruturas de inversão tectônica. Os resultados obtidos comprovam que não se pode negar a influência da tectônica pós-miocênica na configuração do relevo nas adjacências de uma Margem Continental Passiva.

The high Agri Valley represents a regionally important Pleistocene tectonic basin superimposed on the fold-and-thrust belt of the Southern Apennine, which has developed since the Late Oligocene – Early Miocene. Impressive morpho-structural features related to post-orogenic faulting can be identified along the northeastern margin of the basin, in the Marsicovetere area, where the main tectonic units involved in the southern chain are exposed. In this work, we present a geological map at 1:25,000 scale and cross sections of the Marsicovetere area. The geological map documents the effects of the different tectonic stages in the polyphase evolution of the Southern Apennines, which are shown in several outcrops of the high Agri Valley. More specifically, the study area shows that the early contractional structures have been dissected by several sets of faults with strike-slip and extensional kinematics. Based on geological mapping and structural analysis we distinguished three different homogeneous fault popul...

The aim of this work is (1) to study the relationships existing between deformation, erosion and sedimentation and (2) to quantify the erosion-sedimentation budget in a continental rift: the Rift Albert located in Uganda, in the north of the Western Branch of the East African Rifts. This study consists in a triple analysis of the deformation, the sedimentary infilling (biochonostratigraphy, sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy) and the landforms (geomorphology) based on the interpretation of subsurface and surface data. An age model of the sedimentary infilling has been obtained by combination of biotratigraphic data, sequential correlations and paleoprecipitation variation curves. The sedimentological analysis led to the characterization (1) of the sediments source – most of the quartz grains coming from the erosion of a lateritic profile (with low transportation) – and (2) of the depositional environment which consist of perennial deep ( 500m/Ma up to 600-800 m/Ma; sedimentation rate: 2.4 km3/Ma) – Rifting climax; (4) 2.5-0.4 Ma: uplift of the Ruwenzori Mountains and shifting from an alluvial system to a network of bedrock river incision – Rift Stage 2 (subsidence rate: 450 to 250 m/Ma; sedimentation rate: 1.5 km3/Ma); (5) 0.4-0 Ma: long wavelength downwarping, initiation of the Lake Victoria trough, drainage network inversion and uplift of the present-day escarpment.The measurement of the erosion-sedimentation budget show the same order of magnitude with, between 17 and 2.5 Ma, an excess of eroded material (22 000 km3) compared to the sediment volume deposited in the basin (19 000 to 18 000 km3). This difference of volume of 16% can be explained by the high chemical erosion occurring during this period, which one is depreciated by the difference of mineralogy of the clays between the catchment (kaolinites) and the sedimentary basin (dominantly smectites), the neoformation of smectites from kaolinites needing the input of element available in the solution resulting from the chemical weathering of the substratum., L'objectif de ce travail est (1) d'étudier les relations existant entre déformation, érosion et sédimentation et (2) de quantifier les bilans érosion – sédimentation dans un rift continental en domaine tropical : le rift Albert, localisé au nord de la branche ouest du Rift est-africain. Cette étude consiste en une triple analyse de la déformation, du remplissage sédimentaire (biochronostratigraphie, sédimentologie et stratigraphie séquentielle) et des formes du relief (géomorphologie) basée sur l'interprétation de données de subsurface et d'affleurement. Un modèle d'âge des sédiments a été obtenu en combinant données biostratigraphiques, corrélations séquentielles et courbes de variations des paléoprécipitations. L'analyse sédimentologique a permis de caractériser (1) la source des sédiments et (2) le milieu de sédimentation qui consiste en un lac pérenne profond ( 500 m/Ma jusqu'à 600-800 m/Ma; vitesse de sédimentation : 2,4 km3/Ma) – paroxysme d'activité du rift; (4) 2.5-0.4 Ma : surrection de la Ruwenzori et changement de type de système alluvial à l'incision d'un réseau de drainage - stade rift 2 (vitesse de subsidence : 450 à 250 m/Ma; vitesse de sédimentation : 1,5 km3/Ma); (5) 0.4-0 Ma : flexuration initiation de la dépression du Lac Victoria, inversion du réseau de drainage et création de l'escarpement. La mesure du bilan-érosion sédimentation montre des ordres de grandeur identiques, avec, entre 17 et 2,5 Ma, un excès de matériel érodé (22 000 km3) par rapport aux sédiments déposés (19 000 à 18 000 km3). De 16%, cette différence de volume peut s'expliquer par la forte érosion chimique qui prévaut durant cette période, laquelle est péjorée par la différence de nature des argiles entre le bassin versant (kaolinites) et le bassin (smectites dominante), la néoformation de smectites à partir de kaolinites requérant des apports d'éléments disponibles dans les solutions issues de l'altération chimique des roches.

The early stages of southern Apennine development have been unraveled by integrating the available stratigraphic record provided by synorogenic strata (of both foredeep and wedge-top basin environments) with new structural data on the Liguride accretionary wedge cropping out in the Cilento area, southern Italy. Our results indicate that the final oceanic subduction stages and early deformation of the distal part of the Apulian continental margin were controlled by dominant NW–SE shortening. Early Miocene subduction-accretion, subsequent wedge emplacement on top of the Apulian continental margin and onset of footwall imbrication involving detached Apulian continental margin carbonate successions were followed by extensional deformation of the previously ‘obducted’ accretionary wedge. Wedge thinning also enhanced the development of accommodation space, filled by the dominantly siliciclastic Cilento Group deposits. The accretionary wedge units and the unconformably overlying wedge-top basin sediments experienced renewed NW–SE shortening immediately following the deposition of the Cilento Group (reaching the early Tortonian), confirming that the preceding wedge thinning represented an episode of synorogenic extension occurring within the general framework of NW–SE convergence. The documented Early to the Late Miocene steps of southern Apennine development are clearly distinct with respect to the subsequent (late Tortonian-Quaternary) stages of fold and thrust belt evolution coeval with Tyrrhenian back-arc extension, which were characterized by NE-directed thrusting in the southern Apennines.

North- East of Algeria, in The Souk Ahras region, the Triassic evaporates are in the form of important intrusive masses. Thermal and cold water emerge from various training. These sources present are taking their pathways along the faulting system. A complex multilayered reservoir has significant potential water. The karstic aquifer consists mainly on fresh water. Thermal water characterized by high salinity is carbo-gaseous. Collection and chemical analysis of major water elements in addition to nonionic mineral compounds (SiO2) and trace elements (Sr2+, F-, Br-) have determined a deep saline fluid circulation. The tectonic effect would be responsible for the current water flow. Cartography of fracturing system has identified a NNW-SSE hot spring distribution. Similar alignment can match the faulting system direction affecting the concerned study area.Keywords: Triassic evaporate; thermal waters; tectonic; deep fluid circulation

MeiJiang river basin was selected as study area in this paper because it is a typical representative in the mountains of south China. Firstly, the study area was classified into several catchments in ARCGIS platform based on DEM data. Secondly, this paper withdraws the measuring indicators of the geomorphology and hypsometric integral from the basins. Then we study the information of geological structure and development of disaster situation. Finally, revealing the relationship between Hypsometric Integral and tectonic activity, lithological association and disaster intensity. It provides an important theory and method for studying geomorphic spatial pattern and characteristics of development as a whole. The result indicates that Hypsometric Integral has a spatial scale effect, geomorphology, lithology and disaster development can be simulated by small watersheds. For one thing, the studying area is in the mature phase, which is a high-incidence area with many kinds of mountain disasters; for another thing, the 1erosion resistance of biotite monzonitic granite is the most strongly. On the contrary, the sandstone, conglomerate, glutenite, siltstone, mudstone and limestone of it are weakly. At last, regional tectonic activity can be reflected by the Hypsometric Integral of big watershed units.

Objekt istraživanja je drenažna mreža prostora Papuka i pridodane mu Ravne Gore. Drenažnu mrežu nekog prostora čine svi kanali kojima redovito ili povremeno teče voda. Učinjena je osnovna morfometrijska analiza reljefa. Analizirana su hipsometrijska obilježja, energija reljefa te nagibi. Potom je drenažna mreža, derivirana iz DEM-a, klasificirana prema Strahleru te su izračunati indeksi bifurkacije i dužina za sva porječja. Na porječja Brzaje i Vojlovice primjenjeni su Hortonovi zakoni. Dobiveni podaci mogu pomoći u određivanju prostora oblikovanih fluviodenudacijskim i fluvioakumulacijskim procesima. Podaci su iskorišteni u analizi anomalija dužina tokova u centralnom dijelu proučavanog prostora, na području Bijele rijeke, Brzaje, Vojlovice i Voćinke. Na kraju su rezultati sintetizirani u pokazatelju odnosa trenda energije reljefa i anomalija dužina tokova. Dobiveni rezultati mogu ukazivati da određeni dijelovi Papuka i danas doživljavaju relativno izdizanje a zapadno od Brzaje dijelovi Papučkog metamorfnog kompleksa relativno tonjenje. The object of this paper is drainage system of Mt. Papuk with annex of Mt. Ravna Gora. Drainage system of the area is consisted by all channels through which water flow occurs, independent of frequency. Basic morphometric analysis of relief has been done. Hypsometric analysis, analysis of relative relief and slope analysis were made. Then, the drainage network, previously derived from DEM, was classified according to Strahler and Bifurcation Ratio and Lengths Ratio for every basin were made. Horton's laws were applied to basins of Brzaja and Vojlovica. Data can help in predicting the areas of overall denudation and accumulation. Gained data were used in calculations of the length’s anomalies of the flows of the 3rd category in the basins of Bijela rijeka, Brzaja, Vojlovica and Voćinka. At the end, calculated data was synthetized in the correlative and the relation between trends of length anomalies and vertical energy of relief was established. It indicates that some areas of the Mt. Papuk exhibit relative uplift and it looks like the areas lying to the west of Brzaja are in relative tectonic lag.

This thesis aims at understanding the significance of seismic activity in a slow orogenic system with the example of the South Western Alps. It presents a geological analysis combining several methods and approaches: (i) a structural analysis of Neogene basins, (ii) a comparison of fault-striae data inversions with focal mechanisms and (iii) an analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution of seismicity in relation with rainfall. The main results are as follows: - The area is subject to a prolonged and globally similar through time north-south shortening context revealed by the analysis of the Miocene and Plio- Quaternary basins. The deformation is mainly accommodated by strike-slip dextral N140 faults. These strike slip faults focus the active deformation along inherited structures. - The geodynamic history of the S Alps is correlated with that of the Mediterranean back-arc basin opening. Extension (at the N-W end of Mercantour massif) and compression (at the foot of the Ligurian margin) occur along a dextral strike-slip system N140°E that might limit the Apulian block rotation. The transition is gradual, the regime evolves from a transtensive to a transpressive regime, from north to south, explained by permutations of stress inferred from fault-strea data analysis. - In this context of slow deformation, seismicity shows an annual periodicity correlated with the frequency and amount of rainfalls. This correlation can be explained by two processes that facilitate the triggering of earthquakes.; Ce travail de thèse présente une analyse géologique combinant plusieurs méthodes : géologie structurale des bassins néogènes et plio-quaternaires, inversion comparée des couples failles/stries et mécanismes au foyer ainsi qu’une l’analyse de la répartition spatiale et temporelle de la sismicité en relation avec la pluviométrie, avec pour objectif de comprendre quelle est la signification de l’activité sismique dans un système orogénique lent en prenant pour exemple le sud des Alpes Occidentales. Les principaux résultats sont les suivants : La région soumise à un raccourcissement nord-sud révélé par l’analyse et le caractère syn-tectonique des bassins miocènes et plio-quaternaires. La déformation est principalement accommodée par des systèmes décrochants N140 dextres. Ces systèmes décrochants concentrent la déformation active le long de structures héritées. On trouve de façon synchrone de l’extension (au nord-ouest du massif du Mercantour) et de la compression (au pied de la marge Ligure) le long d’un même système décrochant N140 dextre. La transition se fait progressivement, passant d’un régime transtensif au nord (dépression de Jausiers) vers un régime transpressif au sud qui s’explique par des permutations de contraintes. Cette géodynamique alpine est temporellement et cinématiquement reliée à une rotation continue de la micro-plaque apulienne et ce depuis le Miocène, contrôlée par l’ouverture des bassins ligure puis tyrrhénien. Le moteur de la tectonique active semble donc lié à la rotation de l’Apulie elle-même contrôlée par la subduction en Méditerranée.

Insights into the present vertical kinematic pattern in Central and Northern Italy are gained by the analysis of GPS data acquired by a network of 262 permanent stations, working over various time intervals since 2001. Uplift is observed in the Alps (up to 5 mm/yr) and Apennines (1–2 mm/yr), whereas subsidence is recognized in the southern Venetian Plain (2–4 mm/yr) and the eastern Po Valley, where the highest rates are observed (up to 9 mm/yr between Reggio Emilia and Rimini). On the other hand, the western part of the Po Valley presents very low vertical rates. The boundary between subsiding and not subsiding Po Valley nearly corresponds to the Giudicarie tectonic discontinuity. It is argued that the different kinematic patterns of the eastern and western Padanian sectors may also be related to the underthrusting of the eastern domain beneath the western one. Some considerations are then reported on how the various causes of vertical movements (tectonic and sedimentological processes) may contribute to the observed kinematics.

Temporal controls such as sedimentation ages, in foredeep and wedge-top basins, combined with information about stratigraphic and metamorphic evolution, ages and characterization of magmatic rocks, deep structures, burial and exhumation histories, allowed us to obtain kinematic estimations of the southern Apennines/Calabria–Peloritani Terrane system evolution from the Late Oligocene to Recent. Calculated thrust front velocities suggest to subdivide the orogenic evolution in main five kinematic stages characterized by different velocity trends. Nine kinematic complexes (from A to I), i.e. sets of tectonic units deformed in the same time range, are determined according to foredeep ages. These complexes, bounded by main regional thrust faults, encompass one or more tectonic sub-units and successions of different paleoenvironment domains. Paleogeographic evolution model indicates, according to available paleomagnetic data, a counterclockwise rotation, with a mean angle of 60°, for the Apennine Platform carbonates, whereas a mean angle of 20° for the eastern sector of the Apennine Platform and western side of Apulian Platform. Shortening estimations for the Apennine successions show values ranging between 55% and 88% and a linear best fit indicating an increase from 60% (NW sector) to ca. 90% (SE sector). Such high values are consistent with a deformation dominated by a thin-skinned tectonics, on the contrary, the low value of 28% calculated for Mt. Alpi suggests an exhumation ruled by high-angle deep-seated structures characterized by limited displacements. Tectonic vergences, referred to Middle–Late Miocene, Late Miocene and Pliocene–Middle Pleistocene, when restored, indicate an average eastward tectonic transport. Finally, tectonic evolution is summarized in eleven schematic cross sections and corresponding paleogeographic maps.

The study area is located at Masela Block and its surrounding, Moluccas Province. Result of the deep sea measurement and global data conversion provide description of three dimensions around the track lines area. This result is overlay with seismic data, that can give morphotectonic implication between Asian and Australian Plates. Track lines of MGI-2010-MSL-1, 2 and 3 show that the profile of the sea floor, form the high morphology which represents the volcanic islands. It forms west – east direction of fold-thrust belt non-volcanic outer Banda arc. The southern part trench of the Australian Continent reflected the platform system and undulation morphology. The sea floor profile ( VE 1:5 ) show that the slope profile ranges between 0º and 8º. Furthermore, the morphology of the sea floor can be classified as a relatively flat slope. Due to this condition, this area may be used for gas pipe laying along 146 km distance, between the Well of Abadi 1 at the Masela Block and Selaru Island at south Tanimbar Islands. Keywords: sea depth, sea floor morphology, seismic profile, tectonic, Masela Block Daerah penelitian terletak di Blok Masela dan sekitarnya, Provinsi Maluku. Hasil pengukuran kedalaman laut dan konversi data global diperoleh gambaran tiga dimensi di sekitar jalur lintasan. Hasil ini kemudian ditumpangtindihkan dengan data seismik, sehingga dapat memberikan gambaran morfologi dan implikasi tektonik antara Lempeng Asia dan Australia. Pada Lintasan MGI-2010-MSL-1, 2 dan 3, menunjukkan profil kedalaman dasar laut membentuk morfologi tinggian yang mewakili pulau-pulau vulkanik. Kondisi ini membentuk suatu jalur punggungan lipatan sesar naik non vulkanik Busur Luar Banda berarah barat – timur. Di bagian selatan palung, mewakili Benua Australia; menunjukkan suatu sistem paparan dan morfologi undulasi Penampang dasar laut (VE 1 : 5) memperlihatkan bahwa kemiringan lereng berkisar antara 0º dan 8º. Selanjutnya morfologi dasar laut ini dapat diklasifikasikan sebagai lereng yang relative landai. Berdasarkan kondisi ini daerah ini kemungkinan dapat digunakan untuk peletakan pipa gas sepanjang 146 km, antara Sumur Abadi 1 di Blok Marsela dan Pulau Selaru di sebelah selatan Pulau Tanimbar. Kata kunci: kedalaman laut, morfologi dasar laut, enampang seismik, tektonik, Blok Masela

The tectonic evolution of Alpine Corsica and surrounding areas is described through a series of plate reconstructions from the onset of the Alpine convergence in the early Cretaceous (~ 120 Ma) to the early Miocene (~ 19 Ma). The southward subduction of Eurasian lithosphere (Alpine Tethys) beneath Adria and Iberia, and the subduction of Ligure–Piemontese Ocean (Iberian plate) beneath the Adria margin, led to the formation of a trench–trench–trench triple junction close to the northern margin of Adria. During the first phase, from the early Aptian (~ 120 Ma) to the Campanian (~ 75 Ma) the northeastern oceanic part of the Iberian plate subducted beneath Adria along an intra‐oceanic subduction zone between Corsica and Adria. This trench was linked to the eastern Iberian convergent margin (having opposite polarity) through a transform fault. Starting from the Campanian and until the Oligocene (~ 34 Ma) oceanic and transitional crust was obducted onto Hercynian Corsica and Eurasia, giving rise to HP metamorphism within the subducted continental crust. From ~ 40 Ma to the early Oligocene (~ 33 Ma) the onset of continental collision in the Alpine area led to thickening of the subducting Eurasian margin through the formation of the European lower crustal wedge. Finally, from the early Oligocene (~ 33 Ma) to the early Miocene (~ 19 Ma), during the rotation of the Corsica and Sardinia blocks, the Pyrenean–Alpine belt lost its continuity in Gulf of Lyon and Provencal area, while the western Adriatic margin (Apennine domain) became a left‐lateral transpressive belt linking the western Alpine chain with the Calabrian Arc.

Citation: Pedoja, K., L. Ortlieb, T. J. Devries, J. Machare, L. Audin, and V. Regard (2011), Comment on “Tectonic record ofstrain buildup and abrupt coseismic stress release across the northwestern Peru coastal plain, shelf, and continental slope duringthe past 200 kyr” by Jacques Bourgois et al., J. Geophys. Res., 116, B09401, doi:10.1029/2011JB008321.