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Ten behoeve van gebruik in een door de opdrachtgever (RCE) op te zetten digitaal portaal met informatie voor archeologische professionals, is een landsdekkend kaartbestand (T0123.shp) met begraven landschappen uit de laatste 14,000 jaar gemaakt. Daartoe is een methodiek ontwikkeld voor het op geautomatiseerde en reproduceerbare wijze vervaardigen van deze kaart. Het kaartbestand sluit aan op RCE’s Archeologische Landschappenkaart 2.1. De kartering bestrijkt vier archeologisch relevante tijdsneden, en verwerkt daartoe bestaande digitale geologische kaartbestanden, zoals die door de betrokken partijen (TNO, UU, Deltares) worden onderhouden. In een serie selectie- en combinatiebewerkingen, zijn uit die kaartlagen, nieuwe kaartbeelden per tijdsnede gegenereerd, met op landelijk archeologisch gebruik gerichte opbouw en indeling (legenda). De kaarten zijn door Deltares, de Universiteit Utrecht en TNO Geologische Dienst Nederland volgens een geïntegreerd Plan van Aanpak geproduceerd. Een en ander vond plaats in het kader van project ‘Verwachtingen in Lagen’ binnen het programma ‘Kenniskaart’ van de Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed (Opdracht RCE-10B). Dit deelrapport beschrijft de totstandkoming van het digitale kaartproduct ‘T0123.shp’ en voorbereidende stappen van synchronisatie van de te verwerken basisbestanden. In een tweede rapport, zijn de in de kartering gebruikte gebiedsindeling en landschapszonering beschreven (Deltares rapport 1210450-000-BGS-0014). Een derde deelrapport betreft de parallelle vervaardiging van paleo-hoogtemodellen (TNO rapport 2015-R10685). Een opleggerrapport documenteert het totale project (Deltares rapport 1210450-000-BGS-0012). De doelgroep van dit deelrapport is de GIS-vaardige professional. Het opleggerrapport en het indelingsbeschrijvende deelrapport hebben een bredere groep professionals die zich met landschapsarcheologie, fysische geografie en Holocene geologie van Nederland bezig houden als doelgroep.

We present a revised relative mean sea-level (MSL) curve for the Rhine-Meuse delta, western Netherlands, for the period 7900-5300 cal yr BP. The revision is based on a series of new and previously unpublished local groundwater-level index data from buried Late Glacial aeolian dunes in the lower Rhine-Meuse delta, and reinterpretation of existing data. The new index data consist of (AMS and conventional) radiocarbon dates of samples, collected from the base of peat formed on dune slopes, near Vlaardingen (21 index points), Hillegersberg (one index point), and Hardinxveld-Giessendam (10 index points). The Vlaardingen data represent the coast-nearest Rhine-Meuse delta local water-level record, which therefore is highly indicative for sea-level change. Pollen and macrofossil analysis, and dating of paired samples was carried out to assess the reliability of the groundwater-level index data. The revision of the MSL curve involves: (1) a significant (0 to >1 m) upward adjustment for the period 7900-7300 cal yr BP; (2) a downward adjustment of =0.25 m for the period 6650-5300 cal yr BP. The new data indirectly support the reliability of the part of the curve for the period 7300-6650 cal yr BP. A longitudinally fairly uniform river gradient of 2.5-3.0 cm/km in the lower Rhine-Meuse delta during the period 6650-5600 cal yr BP can be inferred from the data sets. A significant river gradient extended further towards the coastline than previously thought and it may be that also the revised MSL curve reflects river-gradient effects. An increased floodbasin effect (stronger intra-coastal tidal damping) seems to have developed in the lower Rhine-Meuse delta in de period 7500-6600 cal yr BP, and was probably a complex response to a major avulsion of the Rhine.

Dit artikel gaat over landschappelijke veranderingen in Zuidelijk Flevoland in het midden Holoceen

We present a revised relative mean sea-level (MSL) curve for the Rhine-Meuse delta, western Netherlands, for the period 7900-5300 cal yr BP. The revision is based on a series of new and previously unpublished local groundwater-level index data from buried Late Glacial aeolian dunes in the lower Rhine-Meuse delta, and reinterpretation of existing data.The new index data consist of (AMS and conventional) radiocarbon dates of samples, collected from the base of peat formed on dune slopes, near Vlaardingen (21 index points), Hillegersberg (one index point), and Hardinxveld-Giessendam (10 index points). The Vlaardingen data represent the coast-nearest Rhine-Meuse delta local water-level record, which therefore is highly indicative for sea-level change. Pollen and macrofossil analysis, and dating of paired samples was carried out to assess the reliability of the groundwater-level index data.The revision of the MSL curve involves: (1) a significant (0 to >1 m) upward adjustment for the period 7900-7300 cal yr BP; (2) a downward adjustment of

Opdrachtgever: Gemeente 's-Hertogenbosch.

Opdrachtgever: Gemeente 's-Hertogenbosch.

Opdrachtgever: Hollandia.

Opdrachtgever: Hollandia.

Dit artikel gaat over landschappelijke veranderingen in Zuidelijk Flevoland in het midden Holoceen

Dit artikel gaat over landschappelijke veranderingen in Zuidelijk Flevoland in het midden Holoceen

Dutch Late Weichselian braided river deposits and Holocene meandering river deposits of the Rhine have been studied and compared. Cross sections demonstrate the lateral and vertical variations of the Late Weichselian sediments. Soil mapping of these deposits, even on a very detailed scale, proves very difficult. Best results have been obtained with a legend based on hydrology enabling the distinction of topo-hydrosequences of well drained brown soils, imperfectly drained mottled soils and poorly drained grey soils.Advanced soil formation and notably the dramatic processes in the Late Weichselian period (decalcification, clay illuviation, pseudogleying, periglacial formation of a highly reoriented, very dense microstructure) have caused clay mineralogical, chemical and physical changes in the Late Weichselian soils.The well drained and imperfectly drained Late Weichselian soils have an argillic horizon (Alfisols, Luvisols), occasionally with very low base saturation (Ultisols, Acrisols) and with strong subsequent pseudogleying in the imperfectly drained soils. The Holocene soils demonstrate decalcification and biogenic homogenization as well as some gleying according to their drainage position. These soils are classified as Inceptisols (Cambisols), occasionally as Mollisols (Phaeozems).Less favourable physical characteristics and behaviour (soil strength, structure stability and tillage behaviour) of the Late Weichselian soils and soil material is quantitatively documented. Differences with the Holocene soils and soil material are statistically highly significant and are caused by differences in texture, content, quality and distribution of organic matter and the highly reoriented, very dense microstructure.Use as permanent grassland or ley in the crop rotation is recommended to increase levels of biological activity. This seems the only remedy for the imperfectly and poorly drained Late Weichselian soils that are compacted by natural soil forming processes not counteracted by biological activity. Very recently improved drainage of large areas of Late Weichselian imperfectly drained soils has increased the saturated hydraulic conductivity to noncritical levels through increased earthworm activity to some metres depth.

Dutch Late Weichselian braided river deposits and Holocene meandering river deposits of the Rhine have been studied and compared. Cross sections demonstrate the lateral and vertical variations of the Late Weichselian sediments. Soil mapping of these deposits, even on a very detailed scale, proves very difficult. Best results have been obtained with a legend based on hydrology enabling the distinction of topo-hydrosequences of well drained brown soils, imperfectly drained mottled soils and poorly drained grey soils.Advanced soil formation and notably the dramatic processes in the Late Weichselian period (decalcification, clay illuviation, pseudogleying, periglacial formation of a highly reoriented, very dense microstructure) have caused clay mineralogical, chemical and physical changes in the Late Weichselian soils.The well drained and imperfectly drained Late Weichselian soils have an argillic horizon (Alfisols, Luvisols), occasionally with very low base saturation (Ultisols, Acrisols) and with strong subsequent pseudogleying in the imperfectly drained soils. The Holocene soils demonstrate decalcification and biogenic homogenization as well as some gleying according to their drainage position. These soils are classified as Inceptisols (Cambisols), occasionally as Mollisols (Phaeozems).Less favourable physical characteristics and behaviour (soil strength, structure stability and tillage behaviour) of the Late Weichselian soils and soil material is quantitatively documented. Differences with the Holocene soils and soil material are statistically highly significant and are caused by differences in texture, content, quality and distribution of organic matter and the highly reoriented, very dense microstructure.Use as permanent grassland or ley in the crop rotation is recommended to increase levels of biological activity. This seems the only remedy for the imperfectly and poorly drained Late Weichselian soils that are compacted by natural soil forming processes not counteracted by biological activity. Very recently improved drainage of large areas of Late Weichselian imperfectly drained soils has increased the saturated hydraulic conductivity to noncritical levels through increased earthworm activity to some metres depth.