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Majority of the Island inhabitants depends on groundwaters for drinking therefore the hydrogeochemistry and health risks assessment with respect to WHO standards is absolutely essential for protection policy formulation. The groundwater samples for analyses were collected from selected four wells within each (Chukwani-Mbweni, DarajaMbovu - Amani and Mwanakwerekwe) suburb during the moderate rainy season of January2020.The selection was based on their strategic positions taking into consideration relevant geographical and environmental factors commensurable with this study. Various contaminants and physiochemical parameters were determined using Atomic Absorption spectroscopy, GC/MS, Temp/pH/TDS/EC meter and DR/3900 spectrophotometer. Chemical Oxygen Demand values were also determined. Microbial contamination was determined using the MPN technique. The results shows that these groundwaters are slightly alkaline, microbially contaminated, have high C.O.D. values ranging from 188.5 to 305.7 mg/L indicating the existence of some organic based endocrine disruptive elements, and disparities in water quality parameters with respect to the recommended WHO standards thus ascertaining possible public health risks. The research recommends the need for continuous monitoring, assessment and treatment of these raw groundwaters for drinking at the point of collection rather relying on the old conventional boiling method or drinkingas it is.

Physical activity is one of the important components to support individual fitness and health. This study aims to determine differences in physical activity between male and female students of class V in urban areas during school breaks. This type of research is comparative descriptive. The research sample consisted of 54 elementary school students of grade V in urban areas in Depok Subdistrict, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region. The technique used to determine the research sample is purposive sampling. The instrument in this study was the Nesco FJ 101 pedometer. The data analysis technique used in this study is a percentage. The results showed that the mean value of the male students 'physical activity level was 1897.5, while the female students' mean score was 1507. Based on the results obtained, there were differences between male and female students. It can be concluded that there is a significant difference between the physical activity levels of male and female grade V students during school breaks in the DIY urban area.

W pracy przedstawiono ocenę aktualnych działań promocyjnych w Kielcach oraz w gminach miejsko-wiejskich powiatu kieleckiego wraz ze wskazaniem głównych problemów w zakresie funkcjonowania w nich promocji turystycznej. Do oceny przeprowadzonej w 45 obiektach turystycznych reprezentujących gminy zastosowano autorski system punktacji, uwzględniając 7 aspektów i 21 podkategorii promocyjnych. Pozwolił on na obiektywną ocenę działań w zakresie promocji turystyki w jednostkach administracyjnych. Wyniki oceny syntetycznej wskazują, że najwyższą liczbę punktów, poza gminą Kielce, uzyskała gmina Chęciny, która posiada utrwaloną tradycję promowania turystyki i ma w tym zakresie duże osiągnięcia. Stwierdzono również wysoką pozycję gmin Nowa Słupia i Bodzentyn, co wynika z położenia na ich obszarze atrakcji krajoznawczych o znaczeniu krajowym. Z kolei gminy miejsko-wiejskie ustanowione w ostatnich latach w prezentowanej ocenie uzyskały najniższą punktację, co może być efektem małych doświadczeń w podejmowaniu profesjonalnych działań promocyjnych oraz skromniejszych możliwości finansowych.

Gentrification research is often based on aerial units that function as proxies for neighborhoods. Despite the applicability of this approach, the method is susceptible to the modifiable aerial uni...

Frequently, a single-value metric is needed to rank urban regions with respect to the level of multiracial segregation or to compare a segregation level of a single urban region at two different times. Assessment of segregation depends not only on a metric used but also on a choice of region’s partitioning. The standard practice is to partition the region into single-scale subregions. In the United States, census tracts are the subregions of choice. Census aggregation units including tracts are delineated without a direct regard to racial homogeneity and are in fact heterogeneous. Consequently, using tracts as subdivisions leads to the underestimation of the segregation level of the entire region. Here we propose to partition a region into racial enclaves—units having boundaries that align with transitions between different racial compositions. By reflecting true demographic structure, such units minimize their internal racial inhomogeneity resulting in improved assessment of segregation. Enclaves are defined as aggregates of adjacent census blocks (smallest and the most racially homogeneous census units) of similar composition. In a typical US urban region, effective population size of enclaves is an order of magnitude larger than the size of a census tract and yet the segregation calculated based on enclaves is larger than segregation based on census tracts. The proposed methodology is described and applied to a set of 61 largest cities in the US in their metropolitan statistical areas as well as their urban areas boundaries using 1990 and 2010 block-level data. The method is compared to the standard methodology using correlations between cities’ segregation rankings.

The academic debate on methodological approaches to the measurement of urban sprawl, particularly its most cited dimension, the density of residential settlement, is discussed in this article. The methodology of point pattern analysis, and its benefits in comparison to land-use data analysis, especially for researching the morphology of residential development, is examined. This empirical study was conducted in the hinterland of Prague and is based on point data from 2007, 2010 and 2016. The paper contributes to the scholarly discussion of suburbanisation in Central and Eastern European countries, including the morphology of suburban development. The role of scale is also emphasised, given our observation of two ambiguous means of development, namely spatial dispersion at the regional scale and increasing density at the local scale. The findings support claims regarding the crucial role of micro-scale research in understanding suburban form. The largest Czech suburb of Jesenice serves as a case study, where the morphology of built-up areas is analysed in the local context.

Indonesia is home to more than 260 million people and is one of the world’s most rapidly urbanizing countries. Between 1980 and 2010, Indonesia’s urban population grew about fourfold, from 32.8 to 118.3 million. Using data from National Census publications, this article examines the urbanization patterns and trends in urban growth in Indonesia from 1980 to 2010. The urbanization process has increased the number of cities in Indonesia from 50 to 94 and expanded large urban regions. Most of these expanded urban regions are located on the island of Java, including the metropolitan areas of Jakarta, Bandung, Surabaya, Semarang, Malang, Surakarta and Yogyakarta. The article also identifies the emergence of non-statutory towns and new extended urban regions outside the jurisdictions of urban municipalities. The policy implications of the emergence of such urban areas are additionally discussed.

Understanding shopping visitors’ behavior and preferences is important for tourism and retail business. This paper introduces geo-tagged photos on a social media platform as an additional data resource to study spatiotemporal behavior and preferences of visitors at shopping locations. We propose a novel framework that uses geo-tagged photos within an urban region for identifying shopping locations and then discovering spatiotemporal behavior and preferences of visitors at the identified shopping spots. We present a case study of Los Angeles City, California, USA. The analysis results give insights into spatiotemporal behavior and preferences of shopping visitors in different groups of shopping locations such as shopping mall, plaza, market and so on. The results also reveal the preferences of shopping visitors in groups of shopping locations classified by selling products. In addition, the preferences between domestic and international shopping visitors are also uncovered. The proposed approach and findings of the case study are beneficial to tourism managers and the managers of shopping places, especially those in Los Angeles, in understanding spatiotemporal behavior and preferences of shopping visitors. This can help to improve the activities of promoting and attracting tourists to visit local shopping locations.

Introduction Escherichia coli ST131 is the most common multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli clone causing bloodstream infections (BSIs) in Calgary. This study describes patient characteristics and spatial distribution of ST131 subclades C1 and C2 causing BSIs in Calgary. Methods E. coli from blood (n = 685) obtained in Calgary, Canada, (2016) were PCR screened for ST131 and positives (n = 141) underwent whole genome sequencing. Patient characteristics were analysed using Fisher’s Exact/t-tests and spatial analysis was used to identify clusters. Results Overall, 21% of E. coli was identified as ST131 and clade C dominated the population. ST131-C2 was associated with blaCTX-M-15 and significantly more MDR than ST131-C1. The spatial distribution in Calgary showed that ST131-C1 was mainly present in long-term care (LTC) residents whereas ST131-C2 clustered in a specific North East (NE) Calgary sector comprising of six neighbourhoods without LTC centres. This NE sector has high immigration and travel rates from the Indian subcontinent. Conclusions This study showed that ST131 C subclades have different geographical distribution patterns in Calgary. We believe that recent travel to and immigration from certain high-risk regions for antimicrobial resistance are responsible for the ST131-C2 NE Calgary clustering pattern.

Movement competence is a critical component for a young child. It may be an important prerequisite for engagement in physical activity (PA) later in life. Objective: This study was carried out to determine whether movement competence of children differed according to their geographical regions? Methods: 35 children (19 boys, 16 girls) from urban (Cairo) region schools, and 25 children (13 boys, 12 girls) from rural (Al Minia) region schools were included in the study. Movement competence was evaluated using the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2) instrument (Ulrich, 2000). Results: A significant relationship was revealed between urban and rural Egyptian children aged 6-7 years in movement competence and Boys found to be better on movement competence when compared with girls in rural region while girls were better than boys in urban region. Conclusion: The movement competence of the Egyptian child is affected by the different geographical region in which he lives.

The paper complements the visual observation and ethnographic emphasis of much of the literature on ethnoburbs by offering a spatial analysis of suburban immigrant settlements. The research focuses on the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA), Canada’s most populous urban region. The region is especially well suited to an investigation of the suburban distribution of immigrants because of its exceptionally large and diversified influx of immigrants. The study concentrates on the two largest recent GTHA immigrant groups, Chinese and South Asians, and assesses their spatial evolution between 2006 and 2016. It demonstrates that immigrant suburban spatial patterning can take different spatial forms according to the ethnic groups under consideration—clustering in the case of the Chinese and a blending of clustering and dispersion for the South Asians. It also shows that ethnoburbs come in different guises reflecting the size and composition of different ethnic groups. Another finding concerns the evolution of ethnoburbs. The paper identifies different ethnoburb growth trajectories, but also acknowledges the possibility of a reduced presence of ethnoburbs in the future. Finally, by drawing findings from prior research on ethnoburbs, it elaborates on the gravity effect exerted by large clusters of ethnic retailing, services, and institutions on the different settlements of a given ethnic group.

Dengue prevention and control more reliant on reducing its vector, Aedes sp. mosquitoes by mosquito breeding nest eradication method. Therefore, identification of the primary container of the Aedes sp. breeding site particularly in the urban region of dengue-endemic area is a crucial effort to conduct an effective dengue prevention program. This research aimed to identify the primary container of the Aedes sp. breeding site in the urban region of the dengue-endemic area. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study, located in an urban region of dengue-endemic area within Banyumas Regency of Central Java Indonesia. A total of 300 houses in three urban areas were observed in urban areas of Purwokerto namely Arcawinangun, Purwanegara, and Karangpucung (100 houses each area). A total of 1504 water-holding containers were observed. All container was observed and recorded the type, color, lid condition, position, and the presence of mosquito larvae. The analysis was conducted by calculating the percentage of types, color, lid condition, and position of the container also the presence of mosquito larvae. The result of this study highlighted that flower pots and bathtubs were the primary types of containers with Aedes sp. larvae in the urban area. The characteristics of larvae-positive containers mostly open, bright, and located indoor position. Dengue prevention efforts by targeting the primary types of containers for mosquito breeding are expected to reduce the adult mosquito population.

The Munich Metropolitan Area (MMA) is embarking on becoming a more polycentric urban region. For long, the monocentric city model has provided strong explanatory power in understanding the location...

The article is devoted to the subject of urban greenery. The paper attempts to present real green areas and not only those that have such a purpose featuring in lists and registers. The authors also refer to the topic of availability of urban greenery for the residents of the city, taking into account an uneven density of places of residence. The aim of the article is to present the method for assessing the availability of green areas around places of residence, using spatial data showing residential buildings and official data on greenery. The relevant analyses are based on a regular network of squares of 90 m × 90 m. It was found that Łódź is a city with rich greenery resources. However, this judgment needs revising because a significant part of the residents both in their places of residence (R = 50 m) and further surroundings (R = 500 m) do not have access to green areas intended for recreation.

Peter Hall’s analysis of the Dutch Randstad, in his The World Cities (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1966), generated the archetype of the polycentric urban region (PUR). Although influential, Hall primarily amplified 1950s’ Dutch planning discourse. This paper analyses the PUR’s genesis, discussing the economic modernization of the 1950s and the preceding decades of crisis and war. By temporalizing Gieryn’s truth-spot theory, the paper constructs a prehistory of the PUR through the biographical trajectories of Dutch geography and planning pioneers Louis van Vuuren, Willem Steigenga, Christiaan van Paassen and Gerrit Jan van den Berg. Planning the PUR is recast as a gentle modernization strategy, signalling new interpretations of polycentricity’s contemporary utility.

For the first time in 2019, the Asia-Pacific became a majority urban region. The unprecedented pace and magnitude of urbanisation across Asia and the Pacific has exposed tens of millions of urban residents to heightened risks and vulnerabilities associated with the expanding ecological footprint of urban energy, food and water demands and the increasingly severe effects of global climate change. This special issue directs attention toward the challenges, innovations and examples of best practice in environmental governance for urban resilience in the Asia-Pacific region. Our understanding of urban resilience is tied to the concept of planetary flourishing that links the health and well-being of urban populations with sustainability behaviours that promote regeneration of the biosphere while redistributing environmental risks and benefits in more socially inclusive and equitable ways.

In this study, the noise levels were monitored at Cornish EL Maadi (A), Gezirat El Dahab (B) and Al-Marioteya (C). The data revealed that the noise levels at Corniche El Maadi Street (A) and Al-Marioteya (C) (all day) as well as at Gezirat El Dahab (B) (evening) exceeded the set noise regulations in Egypt. Overall, it was the buses, private cars + taxis, mini vans and mini truck that made the main bulk of traffic passing through the ring road on weekdays. However, the study revealed that the main category of vehicles contributing towards the recorded noise levels was the miscellaneous type. This means of transportation were slow and proceeded along the right lane of the road and thus had a more measurable impact upon the recorded noise levels at the 3 monitored locations. However, the contribution from vans and mini-trucks towards the noise levels recorded was significant at Gezirat El Dahab and Al-Marioteya during Monday and Friday, respectively. Nonetheless, such contribution was not witnessed for Corniche El Maadi Street, where the miscellaneous category was a predominant noise contributing factor during both Monday and Friday.

The traditional conception of metropolis has been challenged by the emergence of city-regions and large agglomerations. Most of the different conceptualizations share the key feature of polycentricity. Besides, several theories today enrich the study of urban transformations. Introduced by a brief overview of polycentrism, the paper advances a reflection on Milan urban region to discuss features and functions of polycentrism, by questioning whether the shift from monocentric to polycentric patterns is capable of observing the contemporary complexities of urbanization. On such basis, the paper stresses how processes of densification, complexification and diversification of the urban in-between, resulting from multi- scale and multi-topological rationales, can be construed in a perspective of “polycentric post-suburbanization”. The ultimate aim of the paper is to bridge the knowledge gap between poly- centrism and contemporary urbanization.

The Gauteng City-Region (GCR) in South Africa is a paradigmatic example of extended urbanization, in which the legacy of mining and apartheid continue to impact spatial practices and the experience of everyday life. The dynamics between urban centralities such as Johannesburg and regional-scale peripheries established by this legacy characterize the "spatiality of poverty" that exists in the GCR today. Yet the relational urbanization processes occurring on these under-researched urban peripheries are also driven by the choices and strategies of people, or "popular agency," as they negotiate both local and regional-scale spaces in pursuit of opportunities. Utilizing the northern part of the GCR as a case study, the article presents ethnographic research including a purposive sampling of informal settlement residents, government officials, and planning experts to discuss how socio-technical strategies focused on capital expenditure for infrastructure and affordable housing often reinforce existing socio-spatial inequalities. At the same time, new "popular centralities" are emerging as individual people exercise their agency to move around the region and produce alternative forms of space. Considering the agency of people calls for a decentered and transdisciplinary approach to urban analysis and spatial planning, with significant implications for both the theory and practice of urban and regional studies today., Urban Geography, 43 (9), ISSN:0272-3638, ISSN:1938-2847

The subject of this paper is an evaluation of defined urban regions in Serbia, with an aim towards identifying their basic features, with special emphasis on the measurement of their functional polycentricity. These features include methods with following indicators: share of settled inhabitants to overall population number in the centre of urban region and surrounding area, according to the outcome; concentration level of employees in centres and structure of activities of active population performing an occupation, functional dependence of settlements in the area of the region and determining the functional polycentricity index of the urban region. Therefore, the goal of the paper is to clarify the difference between the urban regions that have developed in the area of Serbia, which are significant factors for further planning of polycentric and balanced regional development. The results of the survey show differences between urban regions. Almost half of the urban regions in Serbia have characteristics of monocentricity, while few polycentric urban regions differ in number of secondary centers. Certain differences between urban regions refer to the results related to share of the employees in primary centres in connection with the secondary centre region, if refers to a polycentric region, or in comparison to the region as a whole, if it implys to monocentric urban regions. All in all, primary differences between urban regions pertain to the degree of functional polycentrism.

With scant information available on domestic DEM quality and suitable evaluation methods, particularly in city regions, this study set out to evaluate and compare nine contemporary seamless DEM fro...

In the present study an attempt has been made to estimate the responsiveness of prices and household expenditure on consumption of energy for cooking and lighting at household level in rural and urban areas of All India. Household level energy elasticities are estimated for the rural and urban areas with the help of dummy variable regression approach by using NSSO 66th quinnquenial rounds of unit level data.. The results reveal the fact that average expenditure recorded on energy for cooking and lighting in urban areas is higher than in rural areas at all India level. Majority of the households are using dirty fuel for cooking in rural areas while in urban areas clean fuel i.e. LPG is used for cooking. The expenditure on energy for cooking and lighting at household level is inelastic. The marginal budget share in rural and urban areas is the same. Result reveal the fact that hundred percent increase in prices of energy for cooking and lighting will increase the expenditure of households in rural region more than in urban region.

In the literature dealing with measuring ‘urban polycentricity’, relatively little attention has been paid to the identification of what constitutes an ‘urban centre’. In this paper, we assess the sensitivity of polycentricity measures to one particular aspect of this identification: using the case of ‘polycentric urban regions’, we empirically examine the sensitivity of the ‘level’ of polycentricity to the number of cities included in the analysis. Using a two-mode firm–city data source, we do so by stepwise measuring the polycentricity of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) as cities are added to the analysis. This measurement of ‘stepwise polycentricity’ is benchmarked against an ideal typical urban system with a rank-size distribution. The results suggest that the measure of polycentricity is indeed highly sensitive to the choice of the number of cities, so that the alleged level of polycentricity is contingent on the choice of a cut-off point. We propose that the analysis of the sensitivity of polycentricity can help researchers to (1) investigate the different role of cities in shaping polycentric structures of urban regions, and (2) better identify mono- or polycentric structures of urban regions. Analyses of trends in the ‘stepwise polycentricity’ of the YRD and seven other urban regions along the Yangtze River Economic Belt serve to illustrate.

We analyze the impact of preference matching and income on the distribution of the population in an aggregate economy consisting of an urban and an adjacent rural region. It costs more (less) to live in the urban (rural) region. Individuals choose freely to live either in the urban or in the rural region. They differ in their incomes. These incomes are uniformly distributed on the unit interval. Our analysis leads to four results. First, when the cost differential parameter satisfies a condition, both regions are occupied in the equilibrium. Second, when this parametric condition holds, in any equilibrium in which the mean income of individuals varies across the two regions, every resident of the rural region has a lower income than every resident of the urban region. Third, there exists an income threshold and all individuals with higher (lower) incomes choose to live in the urban (rural) region. Finally, in the equilibrium with income sorting, it is possible to make everyone better off by slightly modifying their residential choices.

As a part of the monitoring process of the main polluting tributary of Loktak, the paper analyzed the water characteristics of the main polluted stretch of Nambul river i.e. Imphal Urban region. The results showed low pH (6.23 ± 0.32), high electrical conductivity (1373 ± 50.33 µSm−1), high turbidity (25.40 ± 0.90 NTU), poor dissolved oxygen content (0.53 ± 0.24 mgL−1), high nitrate, and phosphate concentrations (9.27 ± 0.40 and 2.05 ± 0.10 mgL−1, respectively). The Water Quality Index values indicate that Nambul river is unfit for drinking. Moreover, the Sodium Percentage, Sodium Adsorption Ratio, and Kelly’s Ratio revealed the unsuitable nature of the river for irrigation. Therefore, in order to clean the river water, lab scale microcosm experimentation was carried out to highlight the potential of the dominant macrophytes viz. Eichhornia crassipes (Mart) Solms and Pistia stratiotes (L.) as phytofilters. The results showed increased pH (7.6 ± 0.11 and 7.5 ± 0.1), higher dissolved oxygen content (5.87 ± 0.30 and 3.28 ± 0.30 mgL−1), less turbidity (0.60 ± 0.25 and 0.40 ± 0.15 NTU) and reduced nitrate and phosphate concentrations (0.37 ± 0.03 and 0.52 ± 0.01 mgL−1, and 0.534 ± 0.025 and 0.346 ± 0.01 mgL−1, respectively).Novelty statementThe present study showed the deteriorating water quality of Nambul river, the main polluting source of Loktak – a Ramsar site in the Montreux records.Water Quality Index calculated was above the unsuitable level for drinking at all the sampling locations in the Imphal Urban region.Sodium percentage, sodium adsorption ratio and Kelly’s ratio were above the desired limit, making the river water unfit for irrigation.Further, the microcosm experimentation showed that the dominant macrophytes viz. Eichhornia crassipes (Mart) Solms and Pistia stratiotes (L.) can control the pollution level of Nambul. The present study showed the deteriorating water quality of Nambul river, the main polluting source of Loktak – a Ramsar site in the Montreux records. Water Quality Index calculated was above the unsuitable level for drinking at all the sampling locations in the Imphal Urban region. Sodium percentage, sodium adsorption ratio and Kelly’s ratio were above the desired limit, making the river water unfit for irrigation. Further, the microcosm experimentation showed that the dominant macrophytes viz. Eichhornia crassipes (Mart) Solms and Pistia stratiotes (L.) can control the pollution level of Nambul.

The book “Urban Socio-Economic Segregation and Income Inequality: a Global Perspective” investigates the link between income inequality and residential segregation between socio-economic groups in 24 large cities and their urban regions in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America. Author teams with in-depth local knowledge provide an extensive analysis of each case study city. Based on their findings, the main results of the book can be summarised as follows. Rising inequalities lead to rising levels of socio-economic segregation almost everywhere in the world. Levels of inequality and segregation are higher in cities in lower income countries, but the growth in inequality and segregation is faster in cities in high-income countries, which leads to a convergence of global trends. In many cities the workforce is professionalising, with an increasing share of the top socio-economic groups. In most cities the high-income workers are moving to the centre or to attractive coastal areas, and low-income workers are moving to the edges of the urban region. In some cities, mainly in lower income countries, high-income workers are also concentrating in out-of-centre enclaves or gated communities. The urban geography of inequality changes faster and is more pronounced than city-wide single-number segregation indices reveal. Taken together, these findings have resulted in the formulation of a Global Segregation Thesis.

Sensitivity to external disturbances such as floods, heat waves, summer droughts, tsunamis or hurricanes is very high in sensitive urban ecosystems. Urban ecosystems are generally vulnerable due to their open material cycles. In particular, the chapter provides insights which effects the foreseeable climate change will have on cities and how they can be counteracted. In addition, it will be shown which problems urban ecosystems in particular are exposed to under the aspect of global change and which concepts are conceivable for a reduction of vulnerability. Special attention is paid to the development of urban resilience. Urban structure, city size and urban region will be given special attention with case studies.

The aim of this study was to estimate the population size of dogs and cats domiciled and semi-domiciled in the urban area of the city of Jataí, Goiás, Brazil, highlighting some features of these animals, like sex and mobility. An observational descriptive sample survey was used and households were randomly selected for the study. In total, 385 households were visited, with 1215 residents. Of the households, 63.63% had at least one dog and 11.17% had at least one cat. The dog: human ratio was 1:2.92 and cat: human ratio was 1:11.79. In relation to the canine population (416), 37.02% were male (5.29% neutered and 31.73% non-neutered) and 62.98% were female (9.37% neutered and 53.60% non-neutered). The feline population was 103 animals, 39.80% were male (14.60% neutered and 31.47% non- neutered) and 46.60% were female (18.86% neutered and 37.08% non-neutered). In relation to street access, 32.93% of dogs and 84.46% of cats were semi-domiciliary. The estimated population of canines and felines domiciled and semi-domiciled in the urban region of the city of Jataí, in 2018, was 3.605 and 8.323, respectively. These results highlight the need to implement strategies for population control associated with actions to raise awareness about responsible animal custody. La estimación poblacional de perros y gatos es de fundamental importancia para los estudios sobre el control de la superpoblación de estas especies, además de la planificación de programas de salud pública. El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar el tamaño poblacional de perros y gatos domiciliados y semi-domiciliados en el casco urbano de la ciudad de Jataí, Goiás, Brasil, mediante una estimación poblacional, destacando algunas características de estos animales, entre ellas, el sexo y el control de la movilidad. Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo del tipo de encuesta por muestreo mediante el sorteo de hogares para aplicar los cuestionarios. Se visitaron 385 hogares, totalizando 1215 residentes. El 63,63% de los hogares tenía al menos un perro y el 11,17% tenía al menos un gato. La relación perro: humano fue 1: 2,92 y la relación gato: humano fue 1: 11,79. En relación a la población canina (416), el 37,02% eran varones (5,29% esterilizados y 31,73% no esterilizados) y el 62,98% eran hembras (9,37% esterilizados y 53,60% no esterilizados). La población felina fue de 103 animales, el 39,80% eran machos (14,60% castrados y 31,47% no castrados) y el 46,60% eran hembras (18,86% castrados y 37,08% no castrados). Algunos tutores no supieron responder sobre el sexo de los gatos. En cuanto al acceso a la calle, el 32,93% de los perros y el 84,46% de los gatos eran semidomisos. La población estimada de caninos y felinos domiciliados y semi domiciliados en la región urbana de la ciudad de Jataí, Goiás, en 2018, fue de 33.605 y 8.323, respectivamente. Estos resultados resaltan la necesidad de implementar estrategias de control poblacional asociadas a acciones de sensibilización sobre la custodia responsable de los animales. A estimativa populacional de cães e gatos é de fundamental importância para estudos sobre o controle da superpopulação dessas espécies, além do planejamento de programas em saúde pública. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar o tamanho populacional de cães e gatos domiciliados e semidomiciliados na área urbana da cidade de Jataí, Goiás, Brasil, por meio de estimativa populacional, destacando algumas características desses animais, dentre estas, sexo e controle de mobilidade. Foi realizado um estudo observacional descritivo do tipo de levantamento amostral, por meio de sorteio de domicílios para aplicação dos questionários. Foram visitados 385 domicílios, totalizando 1215 moradores. 63,63% dos domicílios possuíam pelo menos um cão e 11,17% possuíam pelo menos um gato. A razão cão: humano foi de 1:2,92 e a razão gato: humano foi de 1:11,79. Em relação à população canina (416), 37,02% eram machos (5,29% castrados e 31,73% não castrados) e 62,98% eram fêmeas (9,37% castrados e 53,60% não castrados). A população felina foi de 103 animais, 39,80% eram machos (14,60% castrados e 31,47% não castrados) e 46,60% eram fêmeas (18,86% castrados e 37,08% não castrados). Alguns tutores não sabiam responder sobre o sexo dos felinos. Em relação ao acesso à rua, 32,93% dos cães e 84,46% dos gatos eram semidomiciliados. A população estimada de caninos e felinos domiciliados e semidomiciliados, na região urbana da cidade de Jataí, Goiás, em 2018, foi de 33.605 e 8.323, respectivamente. Esses resultados ressaltam a necessidade de implantação de estratégias para controle populacional associadas às ações de conscientização sobre a guarda responsável de animais.

Currently in Ecuador there are 171 bats species, however little is known of their presence in urban and peri-urban areas. These information gaps make it difficult to know the distribution of the species, as well as the ecosystems they are occupying. In this work we report for the first time three bats species in the urban and peri-urban area of Cuenca City which is located in the south of the Inter-Andean Valley. The individuals were identified taxonomically by morphological and morphometric characters, these were deposited in the Zoological Collection of the University of Azuay. The specimens reported in this work are: an adult male of Lasiurus blossevillii, a juvenile female of Histiotus humboldti, and an adult male of Enchisthenes hartii. These new records allow us to contribute with information on the distribution of these species, as well as raise new questions about the use of present resources by these bats in the urban and peri-urban environments of the city.

The logistic activity has been analysed by different approaches, but with a lack of attention to its impacts in the urban and spatial configuration. This work studies the logistic expansion in the Urban Region of Madrid, considering the geographical polarization and its preferential location in suburban and rural zones in the metropolitan area. The methodology considers three variables enlightening the spatial and temporal diffusion: workers and companies by municipality, logistic land use by province and different types of logistic land use. The results confirm the dissemination of logistics in metropolitan areas according to suburbanization and spread processes, at the same time appears new urban centralities as a consequence of the capitalist integration of the economy at different scales.

With the rapid development of communication and transportation technologies, the urban area is increasingly becoming an ever more dynamic, comprehensive, and complex system. Meanwhile, functional polycentricity as a distinctive feature has been characterizing urban areas around the world. However, the spatial structure of the urban area has yet to be fully comprehended from a dynamic perspective, and understanding the spatial organization of polycentric urban regions (PUR) is crucial for issues related to urban planning, traffic control, and urban risk management. The analysis of polycentricity strongly depends on the spatial scale. In order to identify functional polycentricity at the intra-unban scale, this paper presents a traffic flow-embedded and topic modeling-based methodology framework. This framework was evaluated on real-world datasets from the Wujiang district, Suzhou, China, which contains 151,419 records of taxi trajectory data and 86,036 records of points of interest (POI) data. This paper provides a novel approach to examining urban functional polycentricity via combining urban function distribution and spatial interactions. This proposed methodology can help urban authorities better understand urban dynamics in terms of function distribution and internal connectedness and facilitate urban development in terms of urban planning and traffic control.

This essay investigates the process of urbanization in the Red River Delta (RRD) of Vietnam and critically assesses its governance. Focusing on recent periurban dynamics, it shows that the ...

There are different turbulent models that have significant impacts on aerodynamicperformance and simulation of wind flow over urban areas. A built-up urban area thatcontains a set of mid- to high-rise buildings was used to highlight theimpact ofdifferent turbulence models such asRe-Normalization Group(RNG)k-epsilon, Shear-Stress-Transport (SST)k-omega on the aerodynamic performance of wind flowingindifferent directions.For both approaches, simulation results such as pressure, meanvelocity, and kinetic energy at different directions were obtained and compared. Theresults demonstrate that, givenan acceptable iterative time andthe same boundaryconditions and input variables, both modeling approachesproduce similar resultsforpressure and velocity around the urban area and slightly different results for thekinetic energy at some location in the urban region, as well as along the height of thebuildings considered herein.

The multipolarization of urban outskirts induced by home-to-work travel is a growing phenomenon that has received little research interest. This phenomenon is where an urban outskirt sends a significant portion of its commuters toward different urban cores within a single functional urban region or even toward different functional urban regions. From a theoretical perspective, the latter is intriguing because it calls into question the framework based on the differentiation between the intra- and inter-urban scales, on which the study of urban geography is typically based. Our research is based on an exploratory analysis on Belgium, using an iterative statistical technique based on the conceptual distinction between intra-urban multipolarization within polycentric functional urban regions and inter-urban multipolarization within megapolitan regions. As it relates to Belgium, inter-urban multipolarization has given rise to the megaregion of central Belgium (Europolis), whose population is estimated to be ~6.6 million. Beyond the case of Belgium, our exploratory analysis demonstrates that the concept of multipolarization is worth exploration by urban and economic geographers. We thus reach the conclusion that the developed conceptual framework, along with its related methodological protocol, deserves to be applied in other spatial and temporal contexts.

Urban system is shaped by the interactions between different regions and regions planned by the government, then reshaped by human activities and residents’ needs. Understanding the changes of regi...

This study aimed to describe the construction sector’s response to the 2007–2008 recession based on the spatial analysis of 10 building activity indicators over a 25-year period (1990–2014)...

The approaches to delimitation of urban agglomerations formed by European science and practice are analyzed and summarized in the present work. The essential defi nitional analysis of the concepts of «urban agglomeration», «urban area», «metropolitan area», «urban region», «metropolitan region» is conducted. The main algorithms of delimitation of urban agglomerations used in the fi elds of urbanology, management, statistics, economic geography are classifi ed. The current trends in the development and improvement of methods of delimitation of agglomerations proposed by European researchers are identifi ed.

Spatial expansion of cities appears to be unavoidable. Despite concern around landscape alterations caused by urban expansion, the understanding of the amounts and patterns of this phenomenon is sorely lacking. In this study, we quantified the current pattern of landscape fragmentation in the urban region (UR) of Milan and analysed the trend of urban sprawl over more than 50Â years. The UR of Milan was spatially defined using a standardised and repeatable methodology that combines land-use and population density data. Fragmentation was assessed using the effective mesh size (meff). The trend of sprawl was monitored between 1954 and 2012 and over different areas to detect the magnitude (amount and direction) and patterns of changes. Results revealed a positive trend and a high degree of sprawl over the whole study area

This paper compares the emergence of urban regions around European second-tier cities based on population data between 1890 and 2011. It asks whether a characteristic trajectory of formation exists for those urban regions distinguishing them from the centrifugal growth typical of the early expansion stages of larger cities. The results are consistent with existing research and contribute to a spatial-historical characterisation of second-tier urban region formation. Their dominant long-term urbanisation mode lies somewhere between centrifugal and polycentric models of development, suggesting a more nuanced interpretation of urbanisation timelines and stressing the legacy of past urban growth in current urbanisation dynamics.

The purpose of this study is to present a new model that can assess the ‘publicness’ of not only public open spaces, but also of the wider category of publicly accessible places, called gathering places. This model was tested in Podkowa Leśna – a suburban town near Warsaw. It includes three dimensions, each of which consists of two indicators: (1) diversity (diversity of activities, and diversity of users), (2) management (type of management; and freedom of access, use and behaviour), and (3) accessibility (financial and spatial barriers). The model measures the extent of publicness and identifies if a particular place has a ‘public’, more ‘public’ than ‘private’, more ‘private’ than ‘public’, or ‘private’ character. The research shows that the role of gathering places can be successfully played by quasi-public spaces, such as: club spaces, spaces owned by various institutions (churches, railways, cultural institutions) and also private places. The study proves that quasi-public gathering places are sometimes more important than fully public places in making local social life less exclusive, especially in the suburbs where almost all developed space is private.

BACKGROUND The number of malaria cases in Roraima nearly tripled from 2016 to 2018. The capital, Boa Vista, considered a low-risk area for malaria transmission, reported an increasing number of autochthonous and imported cases. OBJECTIVES This study describes a spatial analysis on malaria cases in an urban region of Boa Vista, which sought to identify the autochthonous and imported cases and associated them with Anopheles habitats and the potential risk of local transmission. METHODS In a cross-sectional study at the Polyclinic Cosme e Silva, 520 individuals were interviewed and diagnosed with malaria by microscopic examination. Using a global positional system, the locations of malaria cases by type and origin and the breeding sites of anopheline vectors were mapped and the risk of malaria transmission was evaluated by spatial point pattern analysis. FINDINGS Malaria was detected in 57.5% of the individuals and there was a disproportionate number of imported cases (90.6%) linked to Brazilian coming from gold mining sites in Venezuela and Guyana. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The increase in imported malaria cases circulating in the west region of Boa Vista, where there are positive breeding sites for the main vectors, may represent a potential condition for increased autochthonous malaria transmission in this space.

The article presents spatial and demographic changes in the external zone of the Katowice conurbation – on the example of a small town Sławków. In particular spatial changes of the distribution of new single-family houses occurring in the city after 1990 were characterized. Newly built zones of single-family houses development have been defined as areas subject to residential suburbanization processes (within the city’s administrative boundaries, ‘inner’ suburbanisation). Their arrangement is characterized by specific physiognomy and an ‘island’ location in the polycentric urban region. W artykule przedstawiono zmiany przestrzenne i demograficzne w strefie zewnętrznej konurbacji katowickiej na przykładzie małego miasta Sławków. W szczególności zostały scharakteryzowane zmiany zachodzące na terenie miasta po 1990 r. w zakresie indywidualnego budownictwa mieszkaniowego. Nowe strefy zabudowy domów jednorodzinnych zostały zdefiniowane jako obszary podlegające procesom suburbanizacji rezydencjonalnej (w granicach administracyjnych miasta, tzw. suburbanizacja „wewnętrzna”. Ich rozmieszczenie odznacza się specyficzną fizjonomią oraz „wyspową” lokalizacją w policentrycznym regionie miejskim.

Jabodetabek and Greater Bandung areas experiencing the phenomenon of urban expansion which has caused both metropolitan areas to be more connected and become a mega-urban area by a corridor through a conurbation process. Karawang regency is part of the region in the Jakarta-Bandung mega-urban corridor. Vegetated lands in Karawang Regency are threatened by land conversion as a result of the Jakarta-Bandung conurbation process which tends to trigger the formation of the Jakarta-Bandung Mega-Urban Region. The increasing population in Karawang Regency has increasingly triggered the conversion of vegetated lands into built-up lands so that it can cause the region to be prone to anthropogenic disasters such as flood because of water catchment areas that reduced. The aims of this study are to analyze the land cover changes that occured in Karawang Regency in 2005–2015 and 2015–2025 and mapping the floodprone areas in Karawang Regency. Land cover changes analysis is carried out by overlapping Landsat Imagery of land cover in the 2005 and 2015 and 2015 and 2025 based on projection results using CA-Markov method. Mapping the floodprone areas is carried out by a Weighted Overlay process on variables or factors that are considered influential on the occurrence of floods. Karawang Regency has experienced an increase in land use change, especially changes in vegetated lands to built-up lands from year to year. Flood-prone areas analysis result in Karawang Regency show that most of the total area of Karawang Regency is classified as high and moderate classification flood-prone areas.