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Urban green space (UGS) is essential for sustainable urbanization and human well-being. The utilization status of UGS is closely related to the provision of ecosystem services for urban residents. Limitations on data availability, however, have led to the absence of a comprehensive approach for evaluating the actual utilization status of UGS at a large scale. Furthermore, differences in actual UGS utilization between intra-urban and peri-urban areas have not received enough attention. This study used big data analysis by combining point of interest (POI) and land use and cover change (LUCC) to quantify the spatial patterns of UGS utilization, and to evaluate the actual utilization status of UGS in 366 cities on the Chinese mainland. We also explored the differences in the actual utilization of UGS in intra-urban and peri-urban areas. The results showed that 94.01% of UGS resources in China had not been utilized. There was a clear pattern of spatial mismatch between the stock and the actual utilization of UGS, especially in the northwestern region indicated by the Hu Huanyong Line. The actual utilization rate of UGS was closely related to the regional development level. There was a certain mismatch between the actual utilization and stock of intraurban green space (IUGS). The hot spots of the actual utilization rate of IUGS were in Yunnan, Guizhou, and Sichuan Provinces in southwestern China. The differences in UGS actual utilization rates between IUGS and peri-urban green space (PUGS) were small in eastern China, but large in southwestern and northwestern China. The actual utilization rate of IUGS in most Chinese cities was significantly larger than that of PUGS, indicating that PUGS were not well utilized. Our results provide scientific support for urban and regional planners in targeting specific areas for UGS design and development, and in optimizing future UGS planning in China.

Population growth in our country, which started in the 1950s and increased due to migration from the village to the city, caused irregular construction, reduction of green areas and pollution. Urban regeneration practice (which can bedefined as rehabilitation of some parts of the city, reuse of abandoned areas, improvement of damaged urban areas and interventions to increase the quality of social and cultural life) is an important tool that can be used to create sustainable cities. In this study, It is aimed to determine the benefit of the urban regeneration project and thus to determine whether the urban regeneration project to be implemented contributes to sustainable urbanization in example of “The urban renovation project of İzmir Metropolitan Municipality located in Uzundere Neighborhood of Karabağlar” by remote sensing methods and spatial analysis of zoning plan layouts, measuring land use decisions, the amount of green areas per capita, the change in , CO₂ gas retention.

Sustainable urbanization in semi-arid cities of third world countries like India demands an Integrated Urban Water Management System for sustainable water supply. Physical availability of water is ...

In this article, the socioeconomic determinants on urban population in China are empirically investigated with a theoretical equilibrium model for city size. While much of the research on urban size focuses on the impact of agglomeration economies based on “optimal city size” theory, this model is eschewed in our research due to its theoretical paradox in the real world, and we turn instead toward an intermediate solution proposed by Camagni, Capello, and Caragliu. This equilibrium model is estimated on a sample of 111 prefectural cities in China with multiple regression and artificial neural networks. Empirical results have shown that the model explains the variance in the data very well, and all the determinants have significant impacts on Chinese city sizes. Although sample cities have reached their equilibrium sizes as a whole, there is substantially unbalanced distribution of population within the urban system, with a strong contingent of cities that are either squarely too large or too small.

Perkembangan kota terjadi melalui proses urbanisasi yang berkelanjutan.Proses ini mengakibatkan terjadinya pemekaran yang menyebar hingga ke bagian terluar sebuah kota yang dikenal sebagai wilayah perbatasan kota. Hal ini memunculkan sub pusat pelayanan terhadap fasilitas di sekitarnya.Permukiman Kelurahan Sendang Mulyo terletak di perbatasan antara administratif kota Semarang dan Kabupaten Demak.Secara geografis keduanya memiliki karakter wilayah yang sama, namun permukiman Kelurahan Sendang Mulyo memiliki kemajuan yang pesat dalam hal sarana dan prasarana.Hal ini mengakibatkanfasilitas yang ada di kawasan ini tidak hanya dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat setempat, tetapi juga oleh masyarakat yang tinggal di Kabupaten Demak.Fenomena ini membentuk karakteristik sebaran sarana dan prasarana di wilayah perbatasan.Artikel ini menyajikan penelitan dalam menganalisa 15 faktor pembentuk karakteristik sebaran sarana dan prasarana permukiman di wilayah perbatasan, dengan studi kasus di Kelurahan Sendang Mulyo Kota Semarang. Hasil penelitian menggunakan paradigma positivistik dengan pendekatan kuantitatif ini menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik sebaran sarana dan prasarana di wilayah yang diobservasi tersebut adalah berkelompok akibat adanya setting perilaku masyarakat terhadap lingkungan fisiknya.

The rapid development of urbanization has had a dramatic impact on the economy, society and environment in China. In this context, the coordination relationship between population urbanization and land urbanization is essential for achieving sustainable urbanization. Based on the statistical data from 2007–2017 in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YEB), this paper established the multi-dimensional coordination evaluation (MDCE) model by using the speed coordination evaluation (SCE) model, the level consistency evaluation (LCE) model, the entropy method and the space matching evaluation (SME) model to evaluate the coordination relationship between population urbanization and land urbanization from the speed-level-space perspective. The results showed that from 2007 to 2017: 1) the development speed of population urbanization and land urbanization in the YEB were more and more coordinated, and the speed of population urbanization lagged behind that of land urbanization. In addition, the overall development speed of the 11 provinces declined, and most of them were characterized by excessive development of land urbanization. 2) the development level of population urbanization and land urbanization in the YEB were all high, but the development level of population urbanization was lower than that of land urbanization. Further, the development level of the 11 provinces remained stable and high, and continuously improved. 3) the space matching of population urbanization and land urbanization in the YEB had a high degree of coordination, and the space matching degree of population urbanization was higher than that of land urbanization. Moreover, the space matching of most provinces in the region had declined, but the change was small. Finally, this paper proposes the policy recommendations on the coordinated development of population and land urbanization at the institutional, market and management levels to achieve coordinated and sustainable urbanization.

China is gradually and steadily shifting towards more sustainable development and the local governments are increasingly promoting sustainable spatial planning practices. The article debates the potential contradiction between the goal of a growing urban population and the reduced consumption of land planned by the sustainable development strategy of the city of Suzhou in the Yangtse River Delta region. The article explores the opportunities of densification of the residential urban environment as a possible solution for this contradiction. The article presents some Chinese examples of densification for land use efficiency and identifies in the resettlement communities of Suzhou some of the sites that can be efficiently redeveloped for their obsolescent conditions that do not correspond to the increasingly middle-class status of the residents in the region. The article investigates the different options of densification possible in the resettlement communities in the frame of the policies of urban renewal promoted in China in recent years for improving the urban quality of cities.

In the next twenty years, urban populations in Africa are expected to double, while urban land cover could triple. An often-overlooked dimension of this urban transformation is the growth of small towns and medium-sized cities. In this paper, we explore the ways in which small towns are straddling rural and urban life, and consider how insights into this in-betweenness can contribute to our understanding of Africa&rsquo, s urban transformation. In particular, we examine the ways in which urbanism is produced and expressed in places where urban living is emerging but the administrative label for such locations is still &lsquo, village&rsquo, For this purpose, we draw on case-study material from two small towns in Tanzania, comprising both qualitative and quantitative data, including analyses of photographs and maps collected in 2010&ndash, 2018. First, we explore the dwindling role of agriculture and the importance of farming, businesses and services for the diversification of livelihoods. However, income diversification varies substantially among population groups, depending on economic and migrant status, gender, and age. Second, we show the ways in which institutions, buildings, and transport infrastructure display the material dimensions of urbanism, and how urbanism is planned and aspired to. Third, we describe how well-established middle-aged households, independent women (some of whom are mothers), and young people, mostly living in single-person households, explain their visions and values of the ways in which urbanism is expressed in small towns. In conclusion, we discuss the implications of this urban life-in-becoming of small towns for urban planning, emphasizing the importance of the development of inclusive local governance. Ultimately, we argue that our study establishes an important starting point for further explorations of the role of the simultaneous production and expression of urbanism in small town urbanization.

Though urban land covers only around 0.5% of the Earth's terrestrial surface, urbanization often leads to significant changes in land use and land cover. However, knowledge on the ecological and social outcomes of urbanization is largely fragmented across a multitude of local-level studies. We synthesized the outcomes of urbanization on 15 ecological and social variables associated with regional farming systems, namely water quality, agro-biodiversity, carbon sequestration, control of invasive species, soil fertility, control of soil erosion, pollination, cultural identity, food security, income and employment, demographic stability, conflict mitigation, social network, health and education, and equity. From 246 cases, positive, negative, and non-conclusive urbanization outcomes were extracted. Additionally, distributions of these outcomes by continent, population size of towns/cities, national per-capita GDP, and dominant farming systems were assessed. As a result, more negative than positive outcomes were found. Although ecological outcomes were largely negative, social ones were mostly positive. Threats to water quality, demographic stability, and cultural identity arose as particularly pressing issues. The ecological outcomes related to pollination were largely positive but all other ecological variables reported higher negative outcomes. The social outcomes related to the economic viability of farming and employment were largely positive, whereas those related to cultural and equity aspects were predominantly negative. The ecological outcomes were frequently negative in the Global South, medium-large cities, poor countries, and for livestock or fishery systems. The social outcomes were more frequently negative in the Americas, highly populated cities and megacities, wealthy countries, and for livestock and fishery systems. The threats and opportunities of rural-urban transformations in different dimensions and contexts of farming systems should be considered in any urban planning strategy.

Urbanization in China is considered an important force for global sustainable development. In particular, China&rsquo, s urbanization is of great significance to achieve the Millennium Goals of the UN. Hence, an in-depth understanding of China&rsquo, s urbanization sustainable development process and model of sustainable development is urgently needed. As a result, this study examines the sustainable development of urbanization using China as an example through a survey method. Specifically, sustainable development of urbanization is examined from the following five perspectives: economic development, basic public service quality, ecological environment development, urban&ndash, rural heterogeneity, and population urbanization. Differences in the sustainable development quality of different urbanization models and regional urbanization were analyzed. Findings showed that the difference in urbanization quality between different models is not obvious, while the difference in urbanization quality between regions is more obvious. Furthermore, the quality of urbanization development in the eastern region is better than that in the central and western regions, and the level of urbanization development with high administrative levels is superior to regions with low administrative levels.

The uncontrolled urbanization in African cities with inadequate access to urban domestic waste, housing and sanitation management services (DWHSMS) generates landscapes that become places of the spread of many pathologies leading to many public health problems. The city of Yaoundé (Cameroon) is not an exception in this situation which exposes an urban population to the most recurrent diseases. The situation become more complex in the fact that, the performance of the policies and the actions undertaken implied in developing countries, is not known in a precisely. The information sources are dispersed, old and not coordinated. ICT can, at the service of the great causes like the sustainable urbanization and/or environmental health, constitute the irreplaceable ones and essential decision-making tools. For this purpose, integrated and interoperable YUSIIP platform has proposed and deployed. The objective of this article is to present this Domestic platform and to show its contribution in (DWHSMS).

Urbanization, as such, is not perceived as a threat to the environment and development but it is unplanned urban sprawl that affects the accessibility to amenities and land-use of any region. It is thus imperative to study and bring out the intricacies and implications associated with the problem of unplanned urban growth ensuing into sprawl. The methods used to measure the sprawl of Srinagar City are modified versions of SCATTER (The Sprawling Cities And Transport: from Evaluation to Recommendations) and Cost of Sprawl: 2000 TRB (Transport Research Bureau, US). The analysis reveals that the largest urban center in the fragile ecology of Himalayas has haphazardly grown during the last forty years which has resulted in disproportionate distribution of various civic amenities, socio economic and environmental variables. This phenomenon of urban sprawl in Srinagar City has been observed as a threat to achieving sustainable urbanization.

Rapid urbanization has brought huge development dividends to China. At the same time, its negative effects have aroused people&rsquo, s attention. For example, a large amount of cultivated land has been occupied for urban expansion and construction. Using exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) and the spatial Durbin model (SDM), we analyzed the spatial distribution of cultivated land occupation for construction (CLOC) and its driving factors in 31 provinces in China from 2005 to 2016. The results indicated that (1) the CLOC rate presented a significant spatial clustering feature, and its distribution showed a new trend of &ldquo, homogenization&rdquo, after the year 2012, (2) as the core driving factor, the population urbanization rate significantly promoted the growth of the CLOC rate in the local province, while showing a negative effect on that rate in the neighboring provinces, (3) in addition, behind the new trend of the CLOC rate, there was a transformation from being &ldquo, investment driven&rdquo, to being &ldquo, population and industry driven&rdquo, Therefore, this paper suggests that the government should link each city&rsquo, s construction land supply to the constantly changing trend of population migrations in China. Further, promoting the tertiary industry can be a win&ndash, win strategy for easing the tension between cultivated land and construction land.

The rapid urbanization in China since the 1970s has led to an exponential growth of metal stocks (MS) in use in cities. A retrospect on the quantity, quality, and patterns of these MS is a prerequisite for projecting future metal demand, identifying urban mining potentials of metals, and informing sustainable urbanization strategies. Here, we deployed a bottom up stock accounting method to estimate stocks of iron, copper, and aluminum embodied in 51 categories of products and infrastructure across 10 Chinese megacities from 1980 to 2016. We found that the MS in Chinese megacities had reached a level of 2.6-6.3 t/cap (on average 3.7 t/cap for iron, 58 kg/cap for copper, and 151 kg/cap for aluminum) in 2016, which still remained behind the level of western cities or potential saturation level on the country level (e.g., approximately 13 t/cap for iron). Economic development was identified as the most powerful driver for MS growth based on an IPAT decomposition analysis, indicating further increase in MS as China's urbanization and economic growth continues in the next decades. The latecomer cities should therefore explore a wide range of strategies, from urban planning to economy structure to regulations, for a transition toward more "metal-efficient" urbanization pathways.

Within the sustainable urbanization framework, two dimensions, namely, social urbanization and environmental urbanization, have complex coordinated interactions. To better understand the coordinated interaction status between the two dimensions of sustainable urbanization, an empirical study was carried out in the 14 cities of Hunan Province, China, from 2011 to 2019. This study establishes an integrated measurement framework, uses the coupling coordination degree model, information entropy weight analysis approach, and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution method to analyze the development degrees and coordinated interaction degrees of the two dimensions. The results show that the quality and efficiency of leisure facilities and water use have the greatest impacts on the coordinated interactions between the two dimensions. Besides, the development degrees of social urbanization and environmental urbanization are not consistent. What is more, the spatial noncorrelation of the coordinated interaction status demonstrates that the “high-quality development” tactics aiming to promote balanced development of dimensions among cities in China is feasible. Furthermore, corresponding suggestions are proposed, providing references for governments’ planning and decision-making processes.

Land allocation for urban growth is central to sustainable development strategy because urban growth can impact space available for food production, ecosystem services and biodiversity conservation. Urbanization is a growing stressor due the 2.5 billion additional people projected to live in urban areas by 2050. Potential climate change impacts to natural systems increase the need for sustainable urbanization, which should integrate land use needs for urban growth with climate adaptation objectives such as maintaining biodiversity, food production and ecosystem services. Here we compare climate-neutral and climate-adaptive urbanization scenarios to see which produces the most sustainable urbanization, defined as being the most effective at meeting development, conservation, and two climate adaptation objectives. We modeled five urban growth scenarios portraying an increase of 25.8 million people by 2050 for California, USA comprising three climate-neutral scenarios: business-as-usual, compact-new-growth and infill (redevelopment); and two climate-adaptive scenarios: preservation of agricultural climate refugia or future plant dispersal corridors. Infill was the least impacting for the multiple objectives tested; preserving 46–57% more land for other uses. Each climate-adaptive scenario reduced land consumption for its respective target, but increased impacts to the opposite climate-adaptive scenario target. Infill has the potential to contribute towards sustainable urbanization, particularly if combined with other climate adaptation targets.

The Central Government of China is promoting both urbanization and urban sustainability beyond mere growth. These two goals clash if the agricultural land consumption for urbanization is drastically reduced. A re-consideration of urban density and compactness, supported by the UN-Habitat’s Urban Agenda III can contribute to address the problem. What existing developments can be densified and how? The research has considered some hypothesis of densification in the city of Suzhou, a wealthy area in the Special Economic Zone of Yangtze River Delta. The research has targeted the compounds where farmers were relocated when the land was massively urbanized since the ‘90s, because they are low density, have a strong obsolescence and do not match anymore the living standards achievable in this part of contemporary China. The research has drafted some options of densification.

There are many factors that contribute to urbanization such as natural increase in population and migration from rural to urban areas. Failure to regulate sustainable urban growth management will arise significant issues for instances depletion of natural resources, urban sprawl, and environmental pollution. This paper is geared towards investigating and mapping land use land cover (LULC) changes in Iskandar Malaysia, specifically in Iskandar Puteri and western gate development. The satellite images from the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and Sentinel 2A for the year of 2007 and 2017 were deployed in the process of quantification of changes detection by using the Supervised Classification technique. Then, the magnitude of the changes was determined. IDRISI Terrset software was used in order to predict the future expansion of the study area until 2030. Finally, this paper proposed the delineation of urban growth limit as a sustainable strategy to direct further geographical development. The modelling of urban growth limit was based on the socio-economic and bio-physical factors. The findings and analysis in this paper have proven how prominent geospatial technology can be deployed in implementing sustainable development. The generated results have important policy implication for urban planners, stakeholders, and industrial players.

Effective land-use is a prerequisite for sustainable urbanization. Land-use efficiency is intimately related to factors such as economic growth and industrial policies; however, limited studies focus on the spatial effects of urban form on land-use efficiency. Our empirical analysis includes 336 Chinese prefecture-level cities located in 31 provinces and four regions. We use five landscape metrics (patch density, mean patch size, edge density, mean shape index and patch cohesion index) to characterize urban form. Overall, China’s urban form metrics demonstrate significant regional differences from 2000 to 2015. Furthermore, land-use efficiency also demonstrates significant regional disparities. We prove the importance of the spatial effects of urban form on land-use efficiency using spatial regression models. Moreover, the impact of urban form metrics on land-use efficiency is sensitive to regional heterogeneity and city sizes. An urban form characterized by high patch density and large urban patch size is not conducive to increases in land-use efficiency in small cities although it is conducive to such increases in large cities. This research facilitates policymaking in the areas of spatial regulation and spatial planning in connection with national land-use.

This study is the first to perform a focalized analysis on city development, sustainable urban planning, and the negative impact of slum area disamenity on property valuation in suburban and posh areas of the Islamabad region, Pakistan. Slums exist in almost every country in the world. However, in the process of urbanization and city development, researchers have focused merely on the crumbled infrastructure, crimes, and other social problems associated with slums. Studies have covered the adverse effects of these factors on property value, although this unmatched study is the first to examine the negative impact of slum proximity on the valuation of properties in the surrounding areas and on the rental value of houses located in Islamabad. The survey method is applied to obtain feedback from inhabitants, and the study incorporated the hedonic price model to assess rental values within a range of one kilometer from selected slum areas. The findings revealed that slum neighborhoods negatively impact sustainable house rental values, as compared with the rental values of houses located far away. Rents became higher as the distance from the slums increased. The results showed that having slums in the vicinity caused a decline of almost 10% in rent. However, the rental value of a similar house unit, located 500 meters away, was found to be almost 10% higher. In the semi-log model, house rental values increased by approximately 12.40% at a distance of one kilometer from slums, and vice versa. This study will use residents&rsquo, feedback to help government officials and policymakers to resolve slum issues, which is essential for maintaining sustainable development and adequate city planning. This study sample&rsquo, s findings are not generalizable to all slums, as the results are specific to this region.

Effective ecological carrying capacity (ECC) is the precondition for implementing sustainable urbanization in China. However, different regions in a big country such as China have different ecological conditions and different development modes. Therefore, the evolution of ECC is different between different regions during the urbanization process in China. This study presents a comparative analysis on the evolution of ecological carrying capacity between provinces in the context of China. The ECC indicators in this study are classified into four dimensions, namely, water carrying capacity, land carrying capacity, environment carrying capacity and energy carrying capacity. Indicator data used for analysis are collected from 30 provinces in China. The entropy method is adopted to analyze the ECC performance during the years of 2006–2017. The ECC evolution is described into stable, fluctuated, declined and improved. This study shows that the evolution of ECC performance varies significantly between different provinces. The findings of this study help the Chinese government understand the different ECC evolution between provinces and provide policy-makers with valuable reference for formulating effective measures with considering different ecological conditions in different provinces, to improve the ECC performance across the country in China.

This paper examines how the performance of fire safety management is attended during the dramatic urbanization development process in China. Correlation and regression analysis methods are used to investigate the interrelationship between fire safety management performance and urbanization development. Three indicators are selected to measure the fire safety management performance, and seventeen indicators are used to measure urbanization development. The data used are collected from 31 provinces in China during 2005–2014. The analysis is conducted at both national and regional levels. The results show that fire safety management has not been well addressed in China although the country has made great progress in its urbanization development. The key attributes to the poor performance of fire safety management include the growth of urban population density, the increase of built-up urban areas, and the lack of fire safety education investment. There are also significant variations between different regions in addressing fire safety management, and the reasons contributing to the differences have been discussed. The findings suggest that tailor-made measures should be implemented in different regions in order to improve the performance of fire safety management throughout the country.

Urban climate change policies are critical for reducing carbon emissions and increasing societal resilience to future risks. This is especially true for the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) which are arid environments with largely urban and coastal settlements. Their vulnerability to climate change impacts is high and has increased in the past due to economic growth, increased populations, wasteful lifestyles, urban expansion, and ongoing construction. Recently, in some of these countries, urban sustainable transformation is underway driven by new national agendas and ambitious megaprojects. This chapter assesses the ongoing urban climate change initiatives and policies in Qatar. It first introduces the overall urban climate change vulnerability in the context of urbanization, megaprojects, and economic growth. Later, it outlines current policies and initiatives. Using qualitative research and key informants’ interviews, urban climate policies are assessed with regard to gaps and strong points. They are also discussed in light of the country’s priorities and the regional context. Qatar’s urban climate policies are sketchy and rather embedded in national development frameworks and strategies. At the same time, there is a commitment toward incorporating climate change and emission reductions into the ongoing sustainable urbanization endeavors.

Urban change (urbanization) has dominated land change science for several decades. However, few studies have focused on what many scholars call the urban densification process (i.e., urban intensity expansion) despite its importance to both planning and subsequent impacts to the environment and local economies. This paper documents past urban densification patterns and uses this information to predict future densification trends in southeastern Wisconsin (SEWI) by using a rich dataset from the United States and by adapting the well-known Land Transformation Model (LTM) for this purpose. Urban densification is a significant and progressive process that often accompanies urbanization more generally. The increasing proportion of lower density areas, rather than higher density areas, was the main characteristic of the urban densification in SEWI from 2001 to 2011. We believe that improving urban land use efficiency to maintain rational densification are effective means toward a sustainable urban landscape. Multiple goodness-of-fit metrics demonstrated that the reconfigured LTM performed relatively well to simulate urban densification patterns in 2006 and 2011, enabling us to forecast densification to 2016 and 2021. The predicted future urban densification patterns are likely to be characterized by higher densities continue to increase at the expense of lower densities. We argue that detailed categories of urban density and specific relevant predictor variables are indispensable for densification prediction. Our study provides researchers working in land change science with important insights into urban densification process modeling. The outcome of this model can help planners to identify the current trajectory of urban development, enabling them to take informed action to promote planning objectives, which could benefit sustainable urbanization definitely.

With increasingly high housing prices, the urban housing problem has changed from an economic issue to a livelihood issue in China. Taking 32 major cities in China as an example, this paper employed data from 2007 to 2016 to build a panel data model to empirically study the impact of population migration on urban housing prices. From the two perspectives of the national level and regional level (eastern region, central region and western region), the results of this study showed that (1) on the national level, population inflow had a significant positive correlation with urban housing prices, where a population inflow rate increase of 1% increased urban housing prices by 0.31%, and (2) on the regional level, a population inflow rate increase of 1% increased urban housing prices in the eastern region by 1.34%, but population inflow had no obvious impact on the urban housing prices in the central and western regions. Based on the results, this study suggested addressing housing supply imbalances through housing product diversification and affordable housing system improvement, and addressing construction land supply imbalances by building a perfect system linking land-use planning to population, at the same time, it also suggested building more nationally central cities following the urbanization trend, and taking this as the key to developing urban agglomerations, reasonably decentralizing the population flow, promoting the healthy and stable development of the real-estate market and advancing sustainable urbanization. The above conclusions have practical significance for China and other developing countries to coordinate population and urban development in the process of rapid urbanization.

China&rsquo, s rapid urbanization has attracted wide international attention. However, it may not be sustainable. In order to assess it objectively and put forward recommendations for future development, this paper first develops a four-dimensional Urbanization Quality Index using weights calculated by the Deviation Maximization Method for a comprehensive assessment and then reveals the spatial association of China&rsquo, s urbanization by Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis. The study leads to three major findings. First, the urbanization quality in China has gradually increased over time, but there have been significant differences between regions. Second, the four aspects of urbanization quality have shown the following trends: (i) the quality of urban development has steadily increased, (ii) the sustainability of urban development has shown a downward trend in recent years, (iii) the efficiency of urbanization improved before 2006 but then declined slightly due to capital, land use, and resource efficiency constraints, (IV) the urban&ndash, rural integration deteriorated in the early years but then improved over time. Third, although the urbanization quality has a significantly positive global spatial autocorrelation, the local spatial autocorrelation varies between eastern and western regions. Based on these findings, this paper concludes with policy recommendations for improving urbanization quality and its sustainability in China.

A series of negative effects of urban development have emerged owing to the imbalance of population, industry, and built-up land spatial agglomeration. This study proposes an integrated coupling coordination index system in sustainable urbanization evaluation based on population, industry, and built-up land, to evaluate the spatial-temporal evolution of coupling and coordination degree in Guangxi from 2005 to 2015. In addition, we adopted the exploratory spatial data analysis method to reveal the spatial pattern of coupling and coordination degree and its impact on sustainable urbanization. Finally, local indicator of spatial association (LISA) analysis was employed to identify the spatial heterogeneity of the coupling and coordination index values. The results, on the one hand, show that the coupling coordination degree of all counties increased yearly, but extremely slowly. The 88 counties in Guangxi are still in a low level of urbanization. On the other hand, a spatial agglomeration effect of urbanization levels is observed in this study. We found that the urbanization development is not independent. In other words, the urbanization level of each county will more or less be affected by its surrounding counties. In conclusion, in China, sustainable urbanization is closely related to the rational allocation of population, industry, and land resources. To promote the sustainable development of urbanization, it is necessary to strength the role of land use control and to rationally allocate these three elements in general.

It is critical to develop urban layers for analysis sustainable urban development possibilities within planning process. Kyrenia Region has many physical, environmental or economic issues that may danger the growth possibilities in sustainable manner. From this point, this study uses different spatial layers such as slope, distance to roads, distance to central zone, vegetation, soil productivity, environmental protection zones, distance to open/green space, distance to education for supporting sustainable urban growth policies and define suitable areas for urban development within this perspective. The study tries to convert sustainable urban growth policies such as; compact growth, environmental protection, equal accessibility to basic services; into spatial layers and establish proper framework for multi criteria evaluation in Kyrenia Region within using geographical information systems. It shows suitability values for Kyrenia region and constraints zones at final section. It clearly presents the suitable areas for the sustainable urbanization and also unsuitable or risky areas for reducing the possible disasters and may happen in the future.

Damietta[1] is a port and the capital of the Damietta Governorate in Egypt. It is located at the Damietta branch, a distributary of the Nile, (latitude 31°25′N, longitude 31°49′E). Damietta is located at the Damietta branch, a distributor of the Nile, 15 kilometer (9.3 mi) from the Mediterranean Sea, about 200 kilometers (120 mi) north of Cairo. [2]The intermediate cities are considered to be one of the cities that had a vital and powerful foundation in establishing a significant economic and social interaction. Damietta is classified as an intermediate city (according to UIA-CIMES program) that has costal environments with great economic value. This Paper aims to highlight the features of sustainable development to prospers coastal intermediate cities and provide plans and new approaches to be applied to its counterpart, then to predict the rates of urban development in order to control the direction of sustainable urbanization in intermediate cities.All of these issues were studied previously from the theoretical point of view that deals with the concepts related to the research problematic, and reviewed it through an analytical study of the city represented in Damietta city as a coastal intermediate city on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, to come with an analytical research ended with results & recommendations.

Although urbanization can promote social and economic development, it can also cause various problems. How to evaluate urbanization performance and development coordination is a key problem for decision makers to find problems caused by urbanization and enhance the efficiency of urbanization performance. This paper introduces a hybrid combined weight method–McKinsey Matrix for evaluating the sustainable of urbanization. The values of development index and coordination index are calculated by combined weight method. The GE matrix can assist in assessing sustainable urbanization performance by locating the urbanization state point. A case study of urbanization in Liaoning in China demonstrates the process of using the evaluation method. The result indicates that the development of urbanization in Liaoning is better. The values of the coordination index between economic, environments, social, public service and livelihood is enhancing conspicuously. The case study reveals that the method is an effective tool in helping policy makers understand the performance and formulate suitable strategies for guiding urbanization towards better sustainability.

When I think about sustainable urbanization in Africa, I think about partnerships. In Jinja, Uganda, where I come from, the National Slum Dwellers Federation of Uganda (NSDFU) has built a strong working partnership with government. In this article I will highlight some lessons about the key triggers of this partnership that may be useful for other communities and cities. My experience in Jinja also reflects what I have learned from the global Slum Dwellers International (SDI) family.

Kentsel sürdürülebilirlik göstergeleri, kent plancılarının, şehir yöneticilerinin ve politika yapıcıların mevcut kentsel tasarımların, altyapıların, politikaların, atık bertaraf sistemlerinin, kirliliğin ve vatandaşların hizmetlerine erişimlerinin sosyo-ekonomik ve çevresel etkilerini ölçmesine izin veren araçlardır. Bu bakımdan, mevcut sorun ve baskıların teşhisine, dolayısıyla iyi yönetim ve bilim temelli tepkiler yoluyla ele alınacak kararların belirlenmesine yardımcı olmaktadır. Günümüz kentlerinde bu alanda çeşitli organizasyonlar ve araştırma grupları tarafından sayısız gösterge geliştirilmiş ve test edilmiştir. Bu araçlar içeriğinde uygulanabilir ve genelde halk sağlığı ve hizmetleri, yönetişim, ulaşım, gelir, istihdam ve ulaşım gibi sürdürülebilir kalkınma prensiplerini de barındırmaktadır. Kentler hızlı ve kontrolsüz büyümelerini sürdürürken, söz konusu araçlarla ekonomik ve fiziksel yoğunlaşmadan kaynaklanan çevresel ve sosyal eşitlik problemlerini çözerek kentleri daha yaşanabilir kılmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Gana'nın önemli kentlerinden biri olan Kumasi'nin mevcut kentleşme performansının ölçülmesinde sürdürülebilir kent göstergelerinin kullanılmasını öngörmektedir. Bu nedenle, kent yönetiminin ve ilgilenen kurumların kentin ekonomik ve sosyal kalkınmaya elverişli bir şekilde sürdürülebilir ve yaşanabilir olmasını ne derecede yönetebildiği yada yönetemediğini sorgulamaktadır. Kumasi örneğinden hareketle, Gana kentlerinin bu süreçte tanık oldukları dönüşüm aşamalarını ele almakta ve bu alanda yapılan ilk çalışma olmasıyla özel bir önem arz etmektedir. Çalışmanın ilk bölümlerinde Kumasi kentinin yerleştiği alanın ayrıntılı bir coğrafi analizine yer verilmiştir. Ardından, kentin sürdürülebilirliğinin seçilmiş yaşanabilirlik göstergeleri çerçevesinde değerlendirmeleri yapılmış ve alınması gereken önlemler vurgulanmıştır. Kumasi için önlemler olarak kullanılmıştır. Son bölümde ise, kentsel yaşanabilirlik ve sürdürülebilirlik anlamında Kumasi için iyileştirme önerilerinde bulunulmuştur., Urban sustainability indicators are tools that allow city planners, city managers and policymakers to gauge the socio-economic and environmental impact of, current urban designs, infrastructures, policies, waste disposal systems, pollution and access to services by citizens. They allow for the diagnosis of problems and pressures, and thus the identification of areas that would profit from being addressed through good governance and science-based responses. They also allow cities to monitor the success and impact of sustainability interventions. A myriad of indicators have been advanced and tested in real cities by various organizations and research groups. These tools are available for implementation by others, and usually include aspects of sustainable development such as public health and services, governance, transport, income, employment, and transport. The challenge of rapid urbanization in cities is sustaining urban growth while solving the environmental and social equity problems arisıng from economic and physical concentration in order to make them livable. This study employs the use of sustainable city indicators in measuring the performance of Kumasi, an urbanised city in Ghana. Thus, assesses the extent to which city authorities and interested bodies are managing urbanization issues with regard to making the city sustainable and livable in a manner that is conducive to economic and social development. The study is unique of its kind as it gives the transformational stages Ghanaian cities have witnessed in their journey to urbanisation. A precise geographical background of Kumasi city and its place in the country is given. Some selected indicators of city sustainability were highlighted and used as the measures for Kumasi. Quite a number of improvements as well as set backs were identified with Kumasi on its path to sustainability, and the necessary recommendations have been suggested.

Despite the unprecedented rate of urbanization throughout the world, human society is still facing the challenge of coordinating urban socioeconomic development and ecological conservation. In this article, we integrated socioeconomic data and spatial metrics to investigate the coupling relationship between intensive land use (ILU) system and landscape ecological security (LES) system for urban sustainable development, and to determine how these systems interact with each other. The values of ILU and LES were first calculated according to two evaluation subsystems under the pressure-state-response (PSR) framework. A coupling model was then established to analyze the coupling relationship within these two subsystems. The results showed that the levels of both subsystems were generally increasing, but there were several fluctuation changes in LES. The interaction in each system was time lagged, urban land use/cover change (LUCC) and ecosystem transformation were determined by political business cycles and influenced by specific factors. The coupling relationship underwent a coordinated development mode from 1992–2012. From the findings we concluded that the coupling system maintained a stable condition and underwent evolving threshold values. The integrated ILU and LES system was a coupling system in which subsystems were related to each other and internal elements had mutual effects. Finally, it was suggested that our results provided a multi-level interdisciplinary perspective on linking socioeconomic-ecological systems. The implications for urban sustainable development were also discussed.

Cities are the keystone landscape features for achieving sustainability locally, regionally, and globally. With the increasing impacts of urban expansion eminent, policymakers have encouraged researchers to advance or invent methods for managing coupled human&ndash, environmental systems associated with local and regional sustainable development planning. Although progress has been made, there remains no universal instrument for attaining sustainability on neither regional nor local planning scales. Previous sustainable urbanization studies have revealed that landscape configuration metrics can supplement other measures of urban well-being, yet few have been included in public data dashboards or contrasted against local well-being indicators. To advance this sector of sustainable development planning, this study had three main intentions: (1) to produce a foundational suite of landscape ecology metrics from the 2007 land cover dataset for the City of Toronto, (2) to visualize and interpret spatial patterns of neighborhood streetscape patch cohesion index (COHESION), Shannon&rsquo, s diversity index (SHDI), and four Wellbeing Toronto indicators across the 140 Toronto neighborhoods, (3) to quantitatively assess the global collinearity and local explanatory power of the well-being and landscape measures showcased in this study. One-hundred-and-thirty landscape ecology metrics were computed: 18 class configuration metrics across seven land cover categories and four landscape diversity metrics. Anselin Moran's I-test was used to illustrate significant spatial patterns of well-being and landscape indicators, Pearson&rsquo, s correlation and conditional autoregressive (CAR) statistics were used to evaluate relationships between them. Spatial &ldquo, hot-spots&rdquo, and/or &ldquo, cold-spots&rdquo, were found in all streetscape variables. Among other interesting results, Walk Score was negatively related to both tree canopy and grass/shrub connectedness, signifying its lack of consideration for the quality of ecosystem services and environmental public health&mdash, and subsequently happiness&mdash, during its proximity assessment of socioeconomic amenities. In sum, landscape ecology metrics can provide cost-effective ecological integrity addendum to existing and future urban resilience, sustainable development, and well-being monitoring programs.

Urbanization transforms urban-rural landscape and profoundly affects ecological processes. To maintain a sustainable urbanization, two important issues of land-use need to be quantified: the comprehensive variation of urban-rural construction land and the specific models for consolidating these lands. The purpose of this study is to develop a framework to assess the change of urban-rural construction land and build a decision-support system for consolidating these lands. Four sub-layers were first built in the assessment framework, including the characteristic layer, the coordination layer, the potential layer and the urgency layer. Each layer encompassed specific indices for evaluating the change of urban-rural construction land in different aspects. The entropy method was then applied to the data resources from Landsat TM (Thematic Mapper) images, statistical data and overall land-use and land consolidation planning of Nantong city in coastal China to allocate weightings to the indices in each sub-layer. Finally, the decision-support system was built based on the assessment results and the degree of importance for consolidating urban and rural construction land, respectively. The results of our study show an overall investigation and quantitative description of the change of urban-rural construction land and provide an effective framework for land consolidation and land use management.

China has achieved a remarkable social and economic development since its open-up policy in 1978, but most of the economic activities are concentrated in eastern coastal regions. Western China has ...

Rapid urbanization has been accompanied by a series of environmental and energy-related issues. It is essential to better understanding the coupling relation between energy-environment efficiency and urbanization in achieving the goal of sustainable urbanization. In this paper, an index system was firstly established for the measurement of urbanization quality scores based on the four aspects of population, economy, society, and space. We then undertook a slack-based measure data envelopment analysis in order to measure energy-environment efficiency. This allowed us to establish a coupling coordination degree model to investigate the coupling relationship between energy-environment efficiency and urbanization. Our findings include the following: (1) Spatiotemporal diversity was apparent in the estimated urbanization quality scores within the province, with high-values areas mainly being concentrated in the Pearl River Delta; (2) A growth trend was identified in energy-environment efficiency values in western Guangdong and the Pearl River Delta, while in eastern Guangdong energy-environment efficiency followed a downward trend, and it stayed stable at a low level in northern Guangdong. Energy-environment efficiency also displayed significant spatial differentiation; (3) The coupling relationship between the energy-environment efficiency and urbanization of Guangdong throughout the research period went from a low coupling stage to a medium coupling stage. Most cities in Guangdong remained in the moderate and low coupling stages, with the exception of Guangzhou and Shenzhen, which took the lead in entering the highly coupling stage. The findings of this paper are of great implications for government in achieving the coordinated development of energy-environment efficiency and urbanization.

Urban green space (UGS), as a form of green infrastructure, has been given increasing attention in urban planning and its policies. The quality of a UGS is fundamental for the sustainable development of the urban economy, society, environment, and quality of human life, although UGS is unevenly distributed within cities. Aiming to analyze the quality of UGS at the scale of Jiedaos in China, this paper took Haizhu district in Guangzhou as a case study based on collected data from 2010 and aerial imagery from 2012. The Urban Neighborhood Green Index (UNGI) was established by combining four weighted parameters: the green index (P1), the density of buildings (P2), proximity to green areas (P3) and building height (P4). Results from comparing with green index show that (1) the UNGI performed better for UGS planning due to its ability of uncovering impact of the built environment and its accessibility on quality of UGS, (2) the UGS has significant effects on neighbors, which underlies social inequity of UGS supply and presents rich information for urban planning and decision making, (3) a small green field attaching to a community plays a key role in fulfilling the need of neighbors for green space, fitness, and leisure in China, which is usually ignored due to the ownership of private property. It suggests recognizing UGS and improving its quality in old towns as well as improving urban villages characterized by poor quality of green space with green infrastructures. The UNGI can inform city planners regarding their consideration of UGS, and it can contribute to measurements of sustainability and the development of green infrastructure.

Concentrating on geographically hierarchical data structures and using large-scale satisfaction survey data in Nanjing, this study employs Bayesian spatial multilevel model (MLM) to evaluate Nanjing&rsquo, s perceived sustainable urbanization. In this study, we consider the geographically hierarchical data structures and the city&rsquo, s individual perceptions of sustainable urbanization to explore the effect of environment and self-rated health on perceived sustainable urbanization, controlling for individual sociodemographic attributes and household. Through clarifying the spatial dependence and heterogeneity, this paper provides a flexible framework for assessing sustainable urbanization and dealing with the geographical hierarchical data. In particular, by drawing on existing studies, our questionnaire is more representative of the overall characteristics of Nanjing&rsquo, s population than census data, which can be helpful for understanding whether urbanization is sustainable from individual perspective and further for correcting practices. Based on a survey of 10,077 questionnaires, this paper finds the geographically hierarchical data structures have significantly influenced the evaluation of sustainable urbanization, and the Bayesian spatial MLM is an effective tool for evaluating China&rsquo, s sustainable urbanization. In particular, this paper takes spatial effects into consideration and compares the geographically hierarchical data. Results show that spatial patterns significantly influence the assessment of sustainable urbanization, and perceived pollution, age, education level, and income are the four key factors influencing individual perceived sustainable urbanization.

In this paper, we analyzed a fresh conception of the urban comprehensive carrying capacity in the context of ecosystem, economy and social dimensions. Based on the AHP methodology, the author constructs the urban comprehensive carrying capacity hierarchical structure model for the chosen ten regions in Inner Mongolia, China. The findings are a better reflection that the urban comprehensive carrying capacity is a complex chaos interconnected with the ecological, economic and social throughputs of the development-oriented regions, and it is an entangled combination of three self-organizing non-equilibrium systems with all concepts fundamental to sustainable urbanization process.

Urban and peri-urban forests are recognized as basic elements for Nature-Based Solutions (NBS), as they preserve and may increase environmental quality in urbanized contexts. For this reason, the amount of forest land per inhabitant is a pivotal efficiency indicator to be considered in the sustainable governance, land management, planning and design of metropolitan areas. The present study illustrates a multivariate analysis of per-capita forest area (PFA) in mainland Attica, the urban region surrounding Athens, Greece. Attica is considered a typical case of Mediterranean urbanization where planning has not regulated urban expansion and successive waves of spontaneous growth have occurred over time. In such a context, an analysis of factors that can affect landscape changes in terms of PFA may inform effective strategies for the sustainable management of socio-ecological local systems in light of the NBS perspective. A total of 26 indicators were collected per decade at the municipal scale in the study area with the aim to identify the factors most closely associated to the amount of PFA. Indicators of urban morphology and functions have been considered together with environmental and topographical variables. In Attica, PFA showed a progressive decrease between 1960 and 2010. In particular, PFA progressively declined (1980, 1990) along fringe areas surrounding Athens and in peri-urban districts experiencing dispersed expansion of residential settlements. Distance from core cities and from the seacoast, typical urban functions (e.g., multiple use of buildings and per capita built-up area) and percentage of agricultural land-use in each municipality are the variables most associated with high PFA. In recent years, some municipalities have shown an expansion of forest cover, mainly due to land abandonment and forest recolonization. Findings from this case study have allowed us to identify priorities for NBS at metropolitan level aimed at promoting more sustainable urbanization. Distinctively, proposed NBS basically focus on (i) the effective protection of crop mosaics with relict woodlots; (ii) the improvement of functionality, quality and accessibility of new forests; and (iii) the establishment of new forests in rural municipalities.

Bu çalışma, doğal ve kültürel kaynakların Bursa kentine olan etkilerini ortaya koymayı ve kentin bu kaynaklar üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerinin nasıl giderilebileceği üzerinde çözüm önerileri sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma ayrıca sürdürülebilir çevre koşullarına uygun, kültürel ve doğal çevreye uyumlu, planlı bir kent oluşturulmasına katkıda bulunmayı hedeflemektedir.Çalışmanın amacı kapsamında, Bursa'nın kesintisiz kent alanındaki (Osmangazi, Yıldırım, Nilüfer, Gürsu, Kestel) mahallelerin ayrıntılı olarak yükselti, eğim ve bakı analizleri yapılmıştır. Uludağ ve Bursa Ovası'nın da kentle olan karşılıklı etkileşimi üzerinde durulmuştur. Bursa'yı etkileyen doğal çevre bileşenlerinin kentsel yerleşime uygunluk açısından belirlenmesi için Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri araçları içinde olan Weighted Overlay (ağırlıklı çakıştırma) analizi uygulanmıştır. Kentsel yerleşime uygunluğun belirlenmesine yönelik yapılan analiz sonucunda %39'unun yerleşime çok uygun, %58'inin uygun, %4'ünün ise uygun olmayan alanlar olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca Bursa'da ilkçağlardan günümüze kentin mekânsal gelişimi ve kenti etkileyen beşeri faktörler ayrıntılı olarak incelenmiştir.Çalışmanın sonunda, doğal ve kültürel kaynakların değerlendirilebilmesi ve korunması adına eko-kent, kaleli kent, tarihi kent, kültürel kent yaklaşımları için kentte yapılan projeler ve üyelikler incelenerek önerilerde bulunulmuştur.Anahtar Kelimeler: Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri, Weighted Overlay, Eko-Kent, Kaleli Kent, Tarihi Kent, Kültürel Kent, Bursa. Bursa province and proposing solutions regarding how to deal with the adverse effect of the city on these sources. The study also targets to contribute to the formation a planned city, concordant with cultural and natural environment as well as sustainable environmental conditions.Detailed elevation, slope and exposure analyses have been conducted in the uninterrupted urban districts of Bursa (within the frame of Osmangazi, Yıldırım, Nilüfer, Gürsu, Kestel districts) within the scope of the aim of this study. Lowlands of Uludağ and Bursa were also emphasized on for their reciprocal interaction with the city. Weighted Overlay analysis, a Geography Information System tool, have been employed in order to determine whether components of natural environment that affect Bursa are appropriate for the urban settlement. According to the analysis conducted to determine appropriateness to urban settlement, it was found out that 39% is very appropriate, 58% appropriate and 4% inappropriate for the urban settlement. Furthermore, the study also scrutinized spatial development of the city from the ancient times to present day as well as human factors that affect Bursa city.At the end of the study, the projects and memberships in the city were examined for eco-city, kaleli kent, historical city, cultural city approaches in order to evaluate and conserve natural and cultural sources and number recommendations were set forth.Key Words: Geography Information Systems, Weighted Overlay, Eco-City, Castle City, Historical City, City of Culture, Bursa. 411