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Tourist destinations across the globe have been hit by the worst of the crisis that ensued the Covid-19 pandemic, and this concern is exponentially worse in developing countries. Sustainable planni...

While shrinkage has been a debated topic in regional studies in the last decade, the shock brought by Covid-19 on the global economy adds further concerns for cities and regions already suffering from depopulation. As a result, a review of existing planning approaches and policies is necessary to inform change and support the future of cities and regions around the world. Prior to the pandemic, and notwithstanding the doubts cast on this strategy by case studies, planners and policymakers used to promote the construction of high-capacity transit infrastructures to curb decline in depopulating regions. The expansion of High-Speed Rail (HSR) in Japan to peripheral, and largely shrinking, regions is an example of this deeply rooted faith in growth and economic development as the key metrics to measure regional performance. Against this backdrop, this paper investigates the impact of HSR on the trajectories of five medium and small-sized shrinking municipalities connected to the Shinkansen network in the Prefectures of Iwate and Aomori, northern Japan. Evidence shows the HSR did not reverse shrinkage nor altered significantly underlying trends of decay, and that benefits are mainly found in increased accessibility, albeit unevenly distributed. While the paper highlights that the Shinkansen might contribute to economic resilience, results also hint at the enactment of regional core-periphery dynamics that might bring further decline to the smaller municipalities connected to the high-speed network. The paper argues that to reduce the effects of decline HSR must be accompanied by innovative policies at the local level and a change of current pro-growth models.

The Environmental Sensitivity Mapping(ESM) Tool is A crucial tools to show location of resources and to indicate environmentally sensitive areas so Environmental planner can use it to take decisions about land development response .GIS has opened up new possibilities for integrating interdisciplinary studies and analysis, which are essential for sustainable planning, especially in island planning as aspecial cases, Island ecosystems are highly sensitive and dynamically, facing many natural and human challenges. Therefore, the research presents a tool (ESM) that is designed according to the unique characteristics of the Egyptian islands to achieve sustainability by using GIS. In The paper, suggestions for future land use, development decisions and protection decisions can be taken from evidence of ES. Paper will be applied to Al-Shaeir Island, is considered one of the areas of unique island, which is located in head of the Delta, where the Nile branches into Rosetta and Damian, it represents historical environmental components. In addition, the Island faces many economic, social, and construction problems that have led to environmental impacts reflected on the ecosystem. So that, it needs ESM tools for achieving sustainable ecological management in Egyptian island cases.

Tourism Climate Indices (TCIs) are the most widely used method to quantify climate suitability for tourism, yet remain more extensively applied in the Global North. Here we apply the TCI to Namibia, a country heavily economically reliant on outdoor tourism. Rising temperatures and changes in relative humidity and precipitation pose threats to nature-based and adventure tourism in Namibia. The mean annual TCI scores for the period 2008–2018 vary from classifications of ‘good’ for Etosha Safari at 62 to ‘excellent’ for Windhoek at 80. Monthly scores reveal a bimodal-shoulder and winter peak, indicating that the most suitable climatic conditions for tourism occur during the austral spring, autumn and winter months. This is consistent with the literature regarding peak tourist seasons, and fortuitously aligns with school holidays. The spatial and seasonal quantification of climate resources in Namibia derived from the TCI results can inform sustainable planning for tourism and other economic sectors sensitive to climate.

Understanding the ongoing and possible future changes in monsoon rainfall is vital for the sustainable planning and development of Sudanese agriculture. This study uses monthly rainfall recorded at 22 locations for the period 1960–2019 and future projections based on an ensemble of 3 global climate models (GCMs) for the period 2030–2089 to assess historical and future trends of rainfall in Sudan. Sen's slope estimator and Mann–Kendall (MK) test were used to estimate trends and their significance, respectively. The temporal coverage was divided equally into 30-year slices: periods A (1960–1989), B (1990–2019), then both combined into period C (1960–2019) for historical times, and periods D (2030–2059), E (2060–2089), and F (2030–2089) for the future. The future precipitation projection was evaluated from two Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6). The results showed a countrywide decreasing trend in period A and an increasing trend in period B. The increasing trend in period B led to an overall positive trend for period C, except at a few stations. The future trend under SSP2-4.5 revealed a possible continuation of the cyclic pattern of the historical period. In contrast, SSP5-8.5 revealed a dominant increasing trend in rainfall for the period 2030–2089.

Aim: After a contagious disease outbreak, as is the case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), societal dynamics shift on an unconventional level. In the lack of a vaccine, social distancing and massive lockdowns are acquired as the most effective strategies to contain this new virus. In this regard, the present study was carried out to determine the influence of SARS-CoV-2 over the Azores territory activities as tourism and consequent regional development impacts. Material and Methods: Therefore, the study assessed the decision-makers, the public, and tourists' perceptions regarding this disease outbreak by applying testing tools as questionnaires. This study used a sample of 700 participants. The questionnaires were designed, considering the necessity to carry out online interviews, and were implemented in the Spring months of 2020. After the data from the surveys were gathered, analytical methods and tools were used. Results: The research recognized that during an infectious disease outbreak, people prioritized spending their vacations at the holiday residence of family or friends (20%) instead of touristic resorts (hotels or rented apartments or houses). Also, the study verified a considerable increase in selecting rural tourism accommodations. Besides, more than half of the study participants considered that the “Clean and Safe” stamp (attributed by the Portuguese Health Authorities) is crucial when choosing accommodation and restaurants (75.8%) as well as for choosing the destination to visit (50.5%). Conclusion: The study assumes enormous consequences of the SARS-CoV-2 crisis at multi-levels, being the tourism activity the most affected in this ultra-peripheral region.

Coasts have been one of the most important recreational areas from past to present. The coastal areas where people have many recreational activities based on water are the most important areas that establish a relationship between sea-human-nature. It is important to reveal the recreational potential of the coasts and to give direction to the sustainable planning decisions by taking into consideration of the wishes and suggestions of the users. Belong this issue, Mudanya coastline which is one of the most important coastal settlements of Bursa in terms of history, culture and recreation was determined in this study. A survey conducted to four hundred users in Mudanya coastline to evaluate the recreactional quality criteria and recreactional possibilities of the coast. It was detected that Mudanya coast has a recreational potential that can appeal to users in a wide range and prefer Mudanya center (41.80%), Zeytinbagi (Tirilye, 23.80%) and Guzelyali (Burgas, 16.80%) mostly, and also it was observed that the users come to there have a good time and watch the beauty of landscape. In this sense, during to decide of the planning of coastline, take into account of opinions of users and sustainable planning would be an important approach., Kıyılar geçmişten günümüze önemli rekreasyonel hizmet alanlarından biridir. İnsanların suya dayalı birçok rekreatif etkinliği yaptığı kıyı alanları, deniz-insan-doğa arasında ilişki kuran en önemli rekreasyonel alanlardır. Kıyıların rekreasyonel potansiyelinin ortaya çıkarılması ve bu doğrultuda sürdürülebilir planlama kararlarının alınmasında kullanıcıların istek ve önerilerinin de dikkate alınarak yön verilmesi önemlidir. Bu noktadan hareketle Bursa ilinin tarih, kültür ve rekreasyon açısından en önemli kıyı yerleşimlerinden biri olan Mudanya kıyı şeridi ele alınmıştır. Mudanya kıyı şeridinde toplam 400 adet kullanıcı ile yapılan anket çalışması ile kıyının rekreasyonel kalite kriterleri ve rekreasyonel olanaklılığı değerlendirilmiştir. Mudanya kıyısının her kesimden kullanıcıya hitap edebilecek bir rekreasyonel potansiyelinin olduğu ve kullanıcıların en fazla Mudanya merkezi (% 41,80), Zeytinbağı (Tirilye) (%23,80) ve Güzelyalı (Burgaz) (%16,80)’ı tercih ettikleri, iyi vakit geçirmek ve manzara güzelliğini seyretmek için geldikleri görülmüş olup kıyı şeridinin planlama kararlarının alınırken kullanıcı görüşlerinin de dikkate alınması ile birlikte sürdürülebilir planlama kararlarının alınmasının önemli bir yaklaşım olacağı tespit edilmiştir

This is an exploratory study of Health and Environment conditions concerning 132 countries in the world, that lead to produce a ranking among 21 Iberoamerican countries, based on World Bank Data (2015) and the guide for sustainable planning – GPS prepared by the Future Studies Center of PUC-SP (Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo) for the Observatory of the Iberoamerican Region - ORIBER. Through a mixture of Multivariate Statistical Analysis techniques this work came to a list of 10 most representative variables of Health and Environment development of the Latin American Region that help to build a rank and classified the region into levels of development, that may help for strategic planning, monitoring and control at a country and regional base

Findings coming from many research projects focused on city logistics (SUGAR, BESTFACT, BESTUFS, ENCLOSE, etc.) show not only a great need for appropriate data collection (statistical, dynamic) that allows to specify cargo flow rate and its direction but also for drawing the correct conclusion from the data (data acquisition and analysis). Collection of comprehensive data is a basis for creating strategic plans of logistic and spatial development, introduce stimulus mechanism and confine to selected ways of acting at the local level. This paper aims to present and discuss the result of survey carried out within the area of the City of Poznan among economic entities conducting economic activity within its area. The goal of the survey was to estimate and understand the freight demand generated by the economic activities in the Poznan Functional Urban Area – FUA (obtain information on the urban freight processes, infrastructure and its stakeholders in the area). The research is a part of the European SULPiTER research project (Sustainable Urban Logistics Planning To Enhance Regional freight transport), the leading theme of which is the sustainable planning of urban logistics for cities and regions.

Although the Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) has made a considerable contribution to increasing transport infrastructure and improving transport services, it still often seems that border regions have reduced accessibility compared to central regions. The Iberian border regions of Alto-Alentejo (Portugal) and Badajoz (Spain) were analyzed. Studies conducted in the Iberian territories confirm some of these regions’ unsustainability and the non-impact on the inhabitants’ quality of life. Also, a few questions arise: Can we verify the change in methods and measures used by development strategies? Is it necessary to acquire a more comprehensive view of corridor flows and interactions through common regional development strategies for managing development corridors? Will we influence the change of the methodological approach to be strategic and that it does not imply a corridor only in terms of the flow and mobility of people and goods, but also the search for the causes of movements in growth corridors? So, infrastructure and connectivity planning, regional economic development, and land use planning are critical contexts in developing territorial policies in the planning of development of corridors and their integration into development processes. This study proposes a framework for strategic corridor governance to increase accessibility and regional equity.

It is well-known that the ultra-peripheral territories as Islands present several limitations such as the lack of resources, restricted land, mass tourism, and barriers to movement, and connectivity between urban centers. These obstacles make ultra-peripheral regions suitable case studies considering their territorial governance and consequently, sustainable development and growth. Thus, transportation and infrastructure sustainability in these regions are not an exception. Considering all the obstacles present in these regions, the accessibility and connectivity patterns that the local population has in these territories should be assessed and monitored. Thereby, through exploratory tools, the present research assumes to examine, using accessibility and connectivity indicators, the consequences across the social-economic dimension that the regional transportation and infrastructure should convey to the Azores Islands Archipelago populations. Therefore, this article allows us to set the present situation regarding this region&rsquo, s accessibility and connectivity patterns, creating an additional tool for supporting the main actors&rsquo, design and implementation of these territories&rsquo, future plans and strategies. Besides, this study enables us to recognize that Pico, Flores, and S&atilde, o Miguel are the ones with better accessibility patterns within the Azores Archipelago.

espanolEl litoral mediterraneo espanol es una region-riesgo frente a las inundaciones en el contexto europeo. El rio Segura en su tramo medio y bajo ha sido protagonista de eventos catastroficos de inundacion de forma frecuente en el ultimo siglo y medio. El ultimo episodio ocurrido, en septiembre de 2019, tras la canalizacion del curso fluvial despues de la riada de 1987, ha puesto de manifiesto que las soluciones estructurales no son suficientes para la reduccion del riesgo y son necesarias medidas integrales para la ordenacion y gestion sostenible del territorio. Todo ello en un contexto climatico de incertidumbre, que manifiesta ya los efectos del calentamiento atmosferico, en el que la modelizacion senala la mayor frecuencia de desarrollo de eventos meteorologicos extremos. El plan Vega Renhace es una apuesta estrategica para la adaptacion de la comarca del Bajo Segura al cambio climatico y la mejora de la resiliencia social, economica y territorial ante la elevada peligrosidad natural existente. EnglishThe Spanish Mediterranean coast is an European flood risk-region. The Middle and Lower Segura River has been protagonist of frequently catastrophic flood events in the last century and a half. The last episode that occurred, in September 2019, after the channelization of the river course after the 1987 flood, has shown that structural solutions are not enough to reduce risk and comprehensive measures are necessary for sustainable planning and management in this territory. All this in a climate context of uncertainty, which already manifests the effects of atmospheric warming, in which climate modelling indicates the higher frequency of development of extreme meteorological events. The Vega Renhace Plan is a strategic bet for the adaptation of the Bajo Segura territory to climate change and the improvement of social, economic and territorial resilience due to high natural hazards existing.

Air pollution and the urban heat island effect are consistently linked to numerous respiratory and heat-related illnesses. Additionally, these stressors disproportionately impact low-income and historically marginalized communities due to their proximity to emissions sources, lack of access to green space, and exposure to other adverse environmental conditions. Here, we use relatively low-cost stationary sensors to analyze PM2.5 and temperature data throughout the city of Richmond, Virginia, on the ten hottest days of 2019. For both hourly means within the ten hottest days of 2019 and daily means for the entire record for the year, the temperature was found to exhibit a positive correlation with PM2.5. Analysis of hourly means on the ten hottest days yielded a diurnal pattern in which PM2.5 levels peaked in the early morning and reached their minima in the mid-afternoon. Spatially, sites exhibiting higher temperatures consistently had higher PM2.5 readings, with vulnerable communities in the east end and more intensely developed parts of the city experiencing significantly higher temperatures and PM2.5 concentrations than the suburban neighborhoods in the west end. These findings suggest an uneven distribution of air pollution in Richmond during extreme heat events that are similar in pattern but less pronounced than the temperature differences during these events, although further investigation is required to verify the extent of this relationship. As other studies have found both of these environmental stressors to correlate with the distribution of green space and other land-use factors in cities, innovative and sustainable planning decisions are crucial to the mitigation of these issues of inequity going forward.

Sustainable planning and management of natural resources should be done according to integrated watershed planning and management principles. In order to reveal a successful integrated watershed management plan, it is very important to determine the basin characteristics and the distribution of the lands according to elevation, angle, slope and rock types together with the sub-basins of the basin where the planning will be made. For this purpose, the Fırtına river basin, which is a very large rainfall basin, has been divided into two large sub-basin groups, east and west, and the distribution of the lands according to elevation, slope, aspect and rock groups with some land characteristics has been revealed with using the Geographical Information System (GIS). According to the results of the research,the drainage area of the Fırtına river basin is 1155.44 km2. 60.12% of the lands in the western basin group of Fırtına river basin are located on shady exposure and 39.88% on sunny exposure. According to the geological rock groups, the largest land is in the granite-microgranite-granodiorite series with 29041.02 ha (34.96 %) and the largest land according to the slope is in the 19684.21 ha (23.70%) inclination group of 31-40 %. 53.40% of the Durak river basin lands are on shady exposure and 46.60% on sunny exposure. In Durak river basin, the largest land according to slope (8191.90 ha) is in the slope group of 31-40% and the largest land according to the rock group is in the granite-microgranite-grandiorite rock group with 61.68%., Doğal kaynakların sürdürülebilir planlaması ve yönetimi bütünleşik havza planlama ve yönetimi ilkelerine göre yapılmalıdır. Başarılı bir bütünleşik havza planlamanın ortaya konulabilmesi için planlamanın yapılacağı havzanın alt havzaları ile birlikte sahip olduğu havza karakteristik özellikleri ile arazilerin yükselti, bakı, eğim ve kayaç türlerine göre dağılımlarının doğru bir şekilde belirlenmesi oldukça önemlidir. Bu amaçla çok büyük bir yağış havzası olan Fırtına deresi yağış havzası doğu ve batı olmak üzere iki büyük alt havza gurubuna ayrılmış ve sahip olduğu bazı arazi karakteristikleri ile arazilerin yükselti, eğim, bakı ve kayaç guruplarına göre dağılımları Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemi (CBS) yardımıyla ortaya konulmuştur. Araştırma sonucuna göre Fırtına deresi yağış havzasının drenaj alanı 1155.44 km2’dir. Fırtına deresi batı havza gurubundaki arazilerinin % 60.12’si gölgeli bakılar üzerinde, % 39.88’i güneşli bakılar üzerinde yer almaktadır. Jeolojik formasyonlara göre en geniş arazi varlığı 29041.02 ha (%34.96) ile granit-mikrogranit-granodiorit serisinde ve eğime göre en geniş arazi varlığı 19684.21 ha (%23.70) ile %31-40 eğim gurubunda yer almaktadır. Durak deresi yağış havzası arazilerinin % 53.40’ı gölgeli bakılar, % 46.60’ı güneşli bakılar üzerindedir. Durak havzasında eğime göre en geniş arazi varlığı (8191.90 ha) %31-40 eğim gurubunda ve kayaç gurubuna göre en geniş arazi varlığı %61.68 ile granit-mikrogranit-grandiorit kayaç gurubunda yer almaktadır.

Land&ndash, sea interaction dynamics are physiologically regulated by an exchange of matter (and energy) between the anthropic system and the natural environment. Therefore, the appropriate management of land&ndash, sea interaction (LSI)contexts should base on those planning approaches which can holistically support coastal development, such as Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) and Climate Adaptation Planning (CAP). One of the main limiting factors for this integration is the fragmentation of existing databases and information sources, which compose the territorial knowledge framework. Investigations have sought to address the representation and assessment of &ldquo, wicked&rdquo, and interconnected coastal problems. The present research focuses on the production of the necessary information to fill sectorial knowledge gaps and to merge the available data into a single framework. The research methodology is based on remote sensing assessment techniques and is designed to be replicated in other coastal areas to integrate CAP and MSP. The output maps are a result of the empirical application of the integration of the assessment techniques and are meant to support local decision-making processes. The result aims at illustrating and highlighting the relationships between climate change impact vulnerabilities their spatial relation to marine resources and maritime activities. This can support effective actions aimed at environmental and urban protection, the organization of the uses of the sea and adaptation to climate impacts. The application of the assessment techniques is developed on a case study in the north Adriatic Basin. The Gulf of Trieste constitutes a representative case study for the Mediterranean Basin due to its transboundary nature. The relationship and the ongoing projects between Slovenia and Italy make the case study an interesting context in which to test and train the proposed integrated planning approach. Therefore, the study investigates local vulnerability to climate impacts, i.e., Urban Heat Island (UHI) and urban runoff, and the existing relationship between the urban fabrics and the marine environment.

The aim of this research is to identify the morphology of land usage in the city of Aqaba from the year 2000 through 2020, utilizing satellite data analysis and visualizations of topographic maps studying land uses and spatial organizations and relationships between all relevant users in the study area. By relying on GIS and remote sensing software, with the aim of providing a holistic picture that contributes to identifying the current reality of land uses and future forecasting within the actual territories, the study found that the importance of integrated management based on an analysis of the morphology of land use contributed most to sustainable planning. Morphological projections relating to land uses contributed the most to correct decision making in pursuit of a more holistic planning process for the study area.

The relationships between territorial governance and the pursuit of sustainable development are evidenced to be critical. Exploratory tools, like Geographic Information Systems (GIS), enable us to comprehend the patterns, dynamics, and parameters of land-use changes over the years. The results from such studies could be used in the design of a sustainable territorial governance strategy. Contextually, a study has been conducted based on the changes that occurred in land uses in the Canary Archipelago in the years 1990, 2000, 2012, and 2018 using CORINE (Coordination of Information on the Environment) data. Even if most of the land uses have been stable over the analyzed period, the investigation shows a decrease in agricultural areas. By contrast, it is possible to verify an increase in semi-natural areas and urban agglomerations. Moreover, the authors believe that an assessment of the land-use changes on these ultra-peripheral areas will also enable us to disclose some obstacles and opportunities for sustained development. FCT—Foundation for Science and Technology to VALORIZA info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Urbanization rate in Central America is the second fastest worldwide and its major cities face challenges regarding urban sustainability. Urban Green Fabric (UGF) is an important material condition for the urban quality of life and, therefore, key to planning processes. We performed an analysis of the UGF of Guatemala City including the identification and classification of UGF, their spatial pattern analysis, construction of ensembles of districts (zones) and revealing citizen&rsquo, s interactions with UGF. We used remote sensing and land use mapping techniques, spatial metrics and a questionnaire survey. Main results are the UGF map of Guatemala City and six ensembles of zones based on a set of indicators. We further revealed citizens&rsquo, recognition of green spaces, their perceptions about green space amount and availability as well as their support for UGF future interventions. Finally, we discuss the implications for planning promoted by our results and suggest three actions for UGF sustainability: Creation of new green spaces, protecting existing green spaces and enhancing the mosaic with different green spaces types. UGF is an essential decision support tool for a diversity of actors.

Urbanization plays an important role in the development of urban heat islands (UHI) in urban areas. UHI is a phenomenon where the urban built landscape shows a higher air temperature conditions than the surrounding hinterland and rural landscapes. Heat island also shows a lesser fall in temperatures than the adjacent outskirts and rural areas. The atmospheric concentration of GHGs has led to global climate change and because of the frequency of heat waves led to heat stress-related mortality and morbidity in mega high-density and compact cities located in the tropical and subtropical region of Southeast Asia. It is also observed that the city is divided into various microclimatic zones, and these zones are always in the process of continuous change due to unplanned and haphazard growth in urban built form.

Measuring land-use, land-cover change in biodiverse, tropical countries is critical for conservation management and sustainable planning because it provides quantifiable data regarding broad enviro...

The objective of the article is to give a comprehensive assessment of the impact that physical geographical factors of the coastal environment have on the South Baltic seaside resorts in the way it is reflected in planning documents (comprehensive plans, regional and tourism development strategies) of South Baltic seaside territorial entities. The seaside resorts and the adjacent coastal protected nature areas, particularly coastal national parks and UNESCO biosphere reserves, are the main focus of this study. The contents of 141 valid documents of spatial planning, management and development has been analysed. The studied comprehensive development plans, tourism strategies and other documents demonstrate that virtually all seaside municipalities in the South Baltic Region express a strong concern in increasing risk of coastal erosion and sea level rise related to the global climate change.

Nas últimas décadas a falta de planejamento territorial das ações humanas e a sobre-exploração dos recursos hídricos subterrâneos no Estado de São Paulo têm causado a poluição, contaminação e o exaurimento destes recursos vitais. A partir desta premissa, este trabalho apresenta uma adaptação da carta de Fragilidade Ambiental dos Ambientes Antropizados, originalmente proposta por Ross, com o objetivo de diagnosticar as fragilidades do território permitindo a aplicação de propostas de planejamento e conservação sustentáveis de unidades aquíferas na bacia hidrográfica do rio Clarinho, em Santa Rita do Passa-Quatro, SP. Foram utilizados dados geograficamente espacializados de Landforms, Declividades, Formações Geológicas Superficiais, Substrato Rochoso e Uso do Solo para relacionar os aspectos do meio físico com o atual padrão de ocupação antrópico na bacia. A metodologia foi sistematizada através da lógica Fuzzy, onde valores de potencial de contaminação foram atribuídos para todos os atributos de cada dado utilizado. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a maior parte da bacia se encontra em situação de Forte e Muito Forte fragilidade ambiental das unidades aquíferas, demonstrando a pressão a que estes recursos estão expostos e gerando a necessidade de um planejamento territorial que limite usos potencialmente contaminadores sobre as áreas mais frágeis.Palavras–chave: Águas Subterrâneas, SIG, Planejamento Territorial.Abstract In the last decades, the lack of territorial planning of human actions and the overexploitation of groundwater resources in the State of São Paulo have caused pollution, contamination and the exhaustion of these vital resources. Based on this premise, this work presents an adaptation of the Environmental Fragility letter of the Anthropized Environments, originally proposed by Ross, with the objective of diagnosing the fragilities of the territory allowing the application of sustainable planning and conservation proposals of aquifer units in the hydrographic basin of Clarinho river, in Santa Rita do Passa-Quatro, SP. Landforms, Declines, Surface Geological Formations, Rocky Substrates and Land Use were used to relate aspects of the physical environment to the current pattern of anthropic occupation in the basin. The methodology was systematized through fuzzy logic, where potential contamination values were assigned to all attributes of each data used. The results showed that most of the basin is in a situation of Strong and Very Strong environmental fragility of the aquifer units, demonstrating the pressure to which these resources are exposed and generating the need for a territorial planning that limits potentially contaminating uses on the areas more fragile.Keywords: Underground Water; GIS, Territorial Planning.

The main research goals of the article are to explain the historical context of urban food gardens in Czechia, to describe the current spatial pattern of allotment gardens, and to introduce and ana...

In Laos, the cultivation of fast growing trees as eucalypts has been promoted due to a rapid decline in natural forest cover. However, this expansion of fast growing trees might not end in a win-win situation for both humans and the environment. This paper examines the social and ecological potentials of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.) cultivation and the resultant environmental consequences. To achieve this, we carried out a comprehensive survey of published scientific literature obtained through Web of Science, Researchgate, Mendeley, and Google Scholar. We found that eucalyptus is a fast-growing source of wood and produces oils used in fuels, fragrances, and insecticides. Despite being of this high commercial value to rural farmers and large industries, eucalyptus harms watersheds and if not properly managed, destroys ecosystems through its allelopathic and water absorption tendencies. Nevertheless, with adequate and effective management and proper sustainable planning or involvement of rural farmers in the decision making process, eucalyptus cultivation would have a very positive social and ecological impact.

The exploitation of the Earth and the alienation of people from the environment prompts us to take up the subject of sustainable planning and design. While new devices, innovations in construction seem to be more and more doubtful, it is worth reaching back to the times when the first initiatives to protect the natural and cultural landscape were created under the influence of the nascent industrialization and urbanization. It is advisable to analyze what principles were followed and how they affected the environment. The idea of building surrounded by greenery is visible in villages, transforming into summer and winter resorts at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth century in the Karkonosze Mountains.

El reciente proceso de crecimiento urbano del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, es predominantemente extensivo, con una descontrolada ocupación del territorio, en el segundo y tercer cordon y con focos de densificación en las áreas centrales del primer cordón, donde edificios en altura ocupan los terrenos vacantes, sin los marcos normativos para una planificación sustentable. En base a un marco teórico diverso, esta ponencia presenta la evolución del crecimiento urbano en un municipio del primer cordón y el proceso metodológico empleado para identificar las conformaciones urbanas predominantes y los espacios públicos que las caracterizan.Este proceso permitió comprobar que la fisonomía de los espacios públicos no responde tanto a la forma de crecimiento en sí, sino a la superposición de ésta con las variables de densidades, usos del suelo y tipologías edilicias que le impone la normativa, permitiendo identificar mas claramente las unidades de análisis mas representativas del área. The recent urban growth process of the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires is predominantly extensive, with an uncontrolled occupation of the territory, in the second and third lace and with densification foci in the central areas of the first lace, where buildings in height occupy the land vacancies, without the regulatory frameworks for sustainable planning. Based on a diverse theoretical framework, this paper presents the evolution of urban growth in a municipality of the first lace and the methodological process used to identify the predominant urban conformations and the public spaces that characterize them. This process allowed to verify that the physiognomy of public spaces does not respond so much to the form of growth itself, but to the overlap of it with the variables of densities, land uses and building typologies imposed by the planning regulations, allowing to identify more clearly the most representative units of analysis in the study area.

Sustainable conservation aims to ensure the sustained conservation of landscape multi-functionality which in turn requires ensuring ecosystem service (ES) and habitat quality (HQ) sustainability with inclusive landscape-scale conservation planning. This study proposes a landscape conservation planning (LCP) framework for landscape-scale ES-HQ conservation and sustainability. Spatially explicit hotspots for five ESs and HQs are identified via InVEST and LISA software. Spatiotemporal changes in ES-HQ hotspots, in terms of stability and resilience, are delineated. The Zonation technique is applied to prioritize areas for conservation based on ES-HQ hotspot stability and resilience maps. High priority conservation areas are identified and are used as reserve area inputs for land use modeling with CLUE-S software to simulate future land use change under climate change scenarios. This study reports that varied rainfall and climate are major driving factors of ES-HQ sustainability disturbance in the study area. Furthermore, our proposed conservation Strategy 2 demonstrates that a larger extent of landscape multi-functionality can be sustained when the existing conservation area includes the total area of identified ES-HQ resilient hotspots. This study effectively identifies the stability and resiliency of ES-HQ hotspot areas affected by disturbances for high priority landscape conservation requirements to ensure ES-HQ sustainability and landscape multi-functionality in the study area.

Climate variability has been documented as being key to influencing human wellbeing across cities as it is linked to mortality and illness due to changes in the perceived weather cycle. Many studies have investigated the impact of summer temperature on human health and have proposed mitigation strategies for summer heat waves. However, sub-tropical cities are still experiencing winter temperature variations. Increasing winter perceived temperature through the decades may soon affect city wellbeing, due to a larger temperature change between normal winter days and extreme cold events, which may cause higher health risk due to lack of adaptation and self-preparedness. Therefore, winter perceived temperature should also be considered and integrated in urban sustainable planning. This study has integrated the increasing winter perceived temperature as a factor for developing spatiotemporal protocols for mitigating the adverse impact of climate change. Land surface temperature (LST) derived from satellite images and building data extracted from aerial photographs were used to simulate the adjusted wind chill equivalent temperature (AWCET) particularly for sub-tropical scenarios between 1990 and 2010 of the Kowloon Peninsula, Hong Kong. Compared with perceived temperature based on the representative station located at the headquarters of the Hong Kong Observatory, the temperature of half the study area in the Kowloon Peninsula has raised by 1.5 &deg, C. The areas with less green space and less public open space in 2010 show higher relative temperatures. Socioeconomically deprived areas (e.g., areas with lower median monthly income) may suffer more from this scenario, but not all types of socioeconomic disparities are associated with poor sustainable planning. Based on our results and the &ldquo, no-one left behind&rdquo, guideline from the United Nations, climate change mitigation should be conducted by targeting socioeconomic neighborhoods more than just aging communities.

Greenway planning is a key component of the open and green space system to ensure urban sustainability. Greenway planning should be included in the multi-criteria decision-making process because it involves more than one criterion and is a subject that requires the perspectives of different disciplines. The greenway based studies have become important in recent years however the sustainability-based studies on how to identify and function greenway routes in a city are quite limited. This study is to determine the sustainable and optimum greenway routes in Aksaray city in Turkey using the Analytic Hierarchy Process. The present study can play crucial role for providing sustainable planning, design and management of greenways and guiding decision makers.

The UNESCO Recommendations on Historic Urban Landscape (2011) recognises the fundamental role of cultural heritage and landscape for sustainable local development.

The metabolic study of the southeastern part of the Calderona Mountain Range (Sierra Calderona) was developed over an area of 200 square kilometers. Due to its location on the outskirt of the Metropolitan Area of Valencia (Spain), the Calderona Mountain Range presents most of the metabolic challenges and potentials that characterize peri-urban areas. The main goal of the study was to increase the sustainability levels of the region by optimizing the flows of materials and energy, as well as flows related to the transport of people within and in/outside the region. The following article includes a methodological introduction to regional and urban metabolic studies. Secondly, it presents the specific application of those principles in the Sierra Calderona case and the qualitative and quantitative results of the assessed regional flows. Moreover, the use of Metabolic Functional Areas (FMAs) is proposed to better integrate metabolic studies with land-use and spatial planning. In its second section, the article also presents the potential for shifting toward an optimized metabolism of the studied area, as well as a set of strategies and actions for their achievement. Finally, in the conclusions, we present a critical reflection on the methods, data, exportability and scalability of the results produced in the Sierra Calderona Case. Due to its regional character, the metabolic performance of the Sierra Calderona is connected to a wide range of land uses, productive functions and stakeholders. That is the reason why the formulated strategies and actions are deeply interlinked with different sectors and why they were supported by the results of an open participatory process. However, and in spite of its regional scope, the urban systems of the Sierra Calderona proved to be an essential lever for improving the regional and local sustainability, due to their varied morphological structures, distinctive ways of functioning, and different types of interaction with the surroundings.

The present study tries to analyze the phenomenon of informal settlements in a specific territory. The choice is due to the fact that the above phenomenon has a strong territorial impact, as well as a strong influence on the use and consumption of the land. In Italy the problem of informal settlements is so old and consistent that three building amnesties have not solved it. The aim of the study is to analyze the phenomenon under both the perspectives: urban planning and local finance. A specific methodology, based on the overlapping of different maps, is implemented here. This allows figuring out the phenomenon of illegal settlements in the municipality of Giugliano, in the Metropolitan city of Naples. Giugliano in Campania is the third municipality in Campania Region for the number of inhabitants. The rapid increasing of population has caused an unplanned development, especially in the suburbs and along the coast, two areas that are frequently characterized by the scarcity of infrastructures and public facilities. By analyzing the municipal budgets of the last years, and, in particular, by analyzing the revenues deriving from the retrospective building permits, it is possible to evaluate the activity of the administrations in the sustainable urban management of the informal settlements. By simulating the regularization for some well identified informal settlements (in Giugliano the district of Casacelle with 21.000 inhabitants and almost all illegal) it is possible to demonstrate the effectiveness and the efficiency of the ‘sanatorium’ instrument, highlighting its potential from both the local finance and the sustainable planning perspective.

Islands as peripheral and ultra-peripheral are typically highlighted as ecologically sensitive areas to human activities due to the tremendous biological diversity of beings and the future possibility of habitat loss. In this regard, the comprehension of the land occupation dynamics and trends in the ultra-peripheral territories is crucial to attempt long-lasting regional sustainability, as is the island region’s case. Therefore, the present article aims to analyze the trends and dynamics of the land-use changes on the European Archipelagos of the Macaronesia Region over the last three decades, using the CORINE (Coordination of Information on the Environment) data. Some of the obtained results show that about 3.4% of the Azores’ surface is characterized mainly by discontinuous urban fabric, representing 67% of the total urban fabric of the Azores over the last thirty years. Additionally, in Madeira Archipelago, the land is mainly occupied by forest and semi-natural areas, representing almost three-thirds of the territory. A similar scenario is verified in the Canary Islands, where forests and semi-natural areas represent approximately three-quarters of the territory. Once more, this study shows the relevance of the island areas’ unique character, which should be preserved and protected. Therefore, the priorities must be defined and established management strategies that are significant for the well-being of these highly valued areas. Moreover, the study showed that notable changes had occurred in the period 1990–2018 in this landscape. Hence there is a need for appropriate measures to mitigate these negative impacts on the environment.

Historic settlements adapting to local climate and geographical environment contain rich and precious scientific design concepts, which should be investigated extensively. This paper is a study on the sustainable design and planning experiences of Chinese historic settlements. In this study, the thermal environment of Jin-Jiang-Li village with ‘comb-like’ layout in the southern China was simulated to evaluate the interactions between layout, landscape design, and ambient environment. The study has illustrated that the layout as well as the presence of water and vegetation would have an obvious-reducing effect and could play a very important role in improving the microclimate of historic settlements. The findings of our study have an essential practical significance for creating modern sustainable human environments and adapting to the changing modern climate.

Planners need to adopt market-conscious planning to estimate how and where planning interventions create value for both investors and end-users. This article presents such kind of planning support methodology by incorporating difference-in-differences estimation into hedonic price models to examine the added value of sustainable development. It illustrates this methodology by using spatial panel data to compare market effects before and after the extension of the metro system in Nanjing, China. Results show that metro extension has positive effects in suburban areas, particularly in suburbs far away from metro stops before, while it has limited effects in central urban areas. Accessibility to financial and business services and open space also contributes to house prices after controlling for the effects of access to metros. Urban sustainable policies need to emphasize integration between land use and transportation planning in suburbs. This methodology provides planners with a means for determining market value of planning interventions, and contributes to more market-conscious planning.

London and New York have often been hailed for their sustainable planning practices. However, when one focuses on the entire city region, there is ever-increasing car-dependent development. This paper focuses on the exurban region of the two cities investigating transport-created CO2 emissions. The research is based on the analysis of data of the National Travel Surveys of Great Britain and the USA through a quantification of personal travel and a top-down estimation of CO2 emissions. It is the exurban region that accounts for the vast majority of CO2 emissions: 77% for London and 87% for New York. In the wider region for both cities there is a policy vacuum and dearth of regional planning mechanisms to deliver policies to reduce CO2 emissions. The paper argues that transport needs to be planned at the city-regional scale.

Sustainable planning of the national parks as a tool for the development of eco-tourism through development and planning of Raghadan Park at Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia) Planning and developing of national parks in Saudi Arabia is currently an important subject on the agenda of the successive governments. The issue is how to design and coordinate sustainable natural parks in the Kingdom, so as to be harmonious and balanced with the local climate and the prevailing environment. In addition, it must require the optimum resources. Therefore, the design must be cost-effective, visually entertaining, friendly with the environment, and is easy to maintain. As a part of the concept of a sustainable development, great attention must be paid to the preservation of pure clear air, water and soil, in addition to manure and Grass life cycles. The paper also reviews the state strategies in dealing with these green sites exploited and developed for the purpose of internal eco-tourism. It was necessary to visit a number of national parks in different areas in the Kingdom to identify the elements and facilities of construction together with their environmental components. Al-Baha National Park was studied in some details as an outstanding example of this type of national parks with its environmental components and constructional elements. The paper concluded with some effective recommendations, concerning development and evaluation of Al Baha National Park in particular as well as other parks in general. Sustainable management and maintenance in order to attain ecological balance and reducing pollution plays a vital role in eco-tourism development. يناقش البحث موضوع فى غاية الأهمية الا وهو الدور الفعال الذي يقوم به التنسيق المستدام للمنتزهات الوطنية في المحافظة على الموارد الطبيعية و التوازن البيئى و حماية البيئة و کذلک على دورة الهام في تطوير و تنشيط السياحة البيئية الداخلية کمورد هام في دعم الاقتصاد الوطني , وتمتاز المملکة العربية السعودية بوجود العديد من المواقع الجذابة الصالحة للسياحة البيئية في مختلف مناطقها وکجزء من استراتيجية الحفاظ على الموارد البيئية الذي تتبعه المملکة فقد قامت بتطوير بعض هذه المناطق بإنشاء المنتزهات الوطنية بهدف حمايتها واستمتاع الناس بجمالها و حياتها البرية و لتشجيع السياحة الداخلية دون الاضرار بالبيئة , , ولتحقيق الاهداف المحددة بالبحث فقد کان لزاما ان يقوم الباحث بالعديد من الزيارات الميدانية لمواقع المنتزهات الوطنية فى المناطق المختلفة فى المملکة للتعرف على عناصرها و منشاتها البنائية و الطبيعية مع الترکيز على دراسة و تقييم منتزه الباحة الوطنى بشئ من التفصيل باعتباره نموذجا بارزا لهذا النمط من المنتزهات الوطنية بجميع مکوناتة البيئية وعناصره الانشائية الموجودة به. و قد قام الباحث في هذه الدراسة بوضع بعض التوصيات التي تستجيب للقضايا البيئية , بما في ذلک التصميم والتنفيذ والتطبيق و الادارة مؤکدا على الدور الفعال لها فى الحفاظ على التوازن البئيى و الحد من ظواهر التلوث وعلى الدور الهام فى تطوير و تنمية السياحة البيئية و وينتهى البحث بالإشارة الى بعض المقترحات الفاعلة فى عمليات التشغيل والتطوير و الادارة و کذلک بعض التوصيات الخاصة بحفظ و حماية المنتزهات من الممارسات الخاطئة التى يقوم بها الزوار لهذه المنتزهات .

EnglishThe present work comprised the development of studies related to sustainable and ecological tourism, which contributed to subsidies for the promotion of tourist attractions and the progressive increase of tourists. Through effective tourism planning used to provide development and infrastructure within the tourist circuits of the waters. The approached methodology provided a bibliographic and local survey of Ilha das Couves in Ubatuba, which presented a data collection for the determination of factors and perspectives of public management in actions with the aim of minimizing the flow of tourists and better local quality of life. In this study, the object presented was a proposal for actions that assist in the process of sustainable planning in Ilha das Couves-Ubatuba, providing proposals to foster conscious tourism growth to minimize environmental impacts caused by human activities and thus contribute to the economic and social growth. The results of this research actions so that public managers can use and apply in a planned way and conclude that the preservation of these natural resources are fundamental for both the region and the tourist who will use it consciously. portuguesO presente trabalho compreende desenvolver estudos relacionados ao turismo sustentavel e ecologico, contribuindo para subsidios de fomentos de atrativos turisticos visando o aumento progressivo de turistas. Atraves do planejamento turistico eficaz que contribuira para o desenvolvimento e na infraestrutura dos circuitos. A metodologia abordada fornecera um levantamento bibliografico e local da Ilha das Couves em Ubatuba, que apresentara uma coleta de dados para a determinacao de fatores e perspectivas da gestao publica em acoes com o intuito de minimizacao do fluxo de turistas e melhor qualidade de vida local. Neste estudo o objeto a ser apresentado e uma proposta de acoes que auxiliem no processo de um planejamento sustentavel em Ilha das Couves- Ubatuba, fornecendo propostas para fomentar o crescimento turistico consciente para a minimizacao de impactos ambientais causados por atividades humanas e assim contribuir para o crescimento economico. Os resultados esperados desta pesquisa e apresentar acoes para que os gestores publicos possam utilizar e aplicar de forma planejada e concluindo que as preservacoes destes recursos naturais sao fundamentais tanto para a regiao como para o turista que ira utiliza-la de forma consciente.

China’s urbanization has brought benefits to cities, but the price is the deterioration of the urban ecological environment. As a result of long-term urban-rural dualism, China has actively supported cities, and then cities have occupied nature-based rural areas. Even though China has been aware of the ecological deterioration and has issued rural ecological policies, there is still the existing contradiction between urban expansion and rural protection development. China’s future planning will place greater emphasis on rural areas, and people have just entered the exploration phase. In this regard, the theory of “the urban-rural continuum” proposed by an American anthropologist William Skinner is extended to the field of architecture and planning to explore a sustainable method of urban-rural development. It offers a spatial model to describe China’s traditional social structure, from villages to cities, combined by the community of a standard market town. It underlies a polycentric model with a communal structure that can further balance the urban-rural relationships and realize the sustainable development in the countryside. Keywords: the urban-rural continuum, green city, community, sustainable planning, rural heritage

UHI is an important measure for understanding the urban landscape, especially in terms of thermal agglomeration and disturbance. This research aims to discern the success of sustainability planning by examining and comparing the different characteristics of UHIs through the combination of machine learning and statistical methods. To achieve this, we analyze 4 new towns in Korea, which include two ‘old’ new towns and two ‘recent’ new towns. The key difference between our test towns lies on whether or not the sustainability policies were applied to their development plans. We visualize LST and conduct a k-mean clustering to find and quantify spatial patterning in the resulting UHI measures. We then compare the statistical relations between LST and 6 UHI driven variables across the towns. Using comparative analysis, this research reveals that sustainable development policies have a notable effect on the patterns and intensities of UHI. Urban structures, planned under development policies, including green and blue space ratios, road networks, and housing distributions, were found to affect UHI significantly. We quantifiably confirm that the sustainability policies implemented in planning the ‘recent’ new towns allow the towns to experience less aggravated UHIs than the ‘old’ new towns. However, we also claim a need to develop appropriate, long-term UHI management regulations for the ‘recent’ new towns. This paper provides a solid basis for improving Korean new town planning and managing the environmental issues in urban systems for planners, designers, and decision-makers to establish the sustainable built environment.

The aim of this research is the detection and analysis of existing trends in the Meta River, Colombia, based on the streamflow records from seven gauging stations in its main course, for the period between June 1983 to July 2019. The Meta River is one of the principal branches of the Orinoco River, and it has a high environmental and economic value for this South American country. The methods employed for the trend detection and quantification were the Mann&ndash, Kendall (MK) test, the modified MK (MMK) test, and the Sen&rsquo, s slope (SS) estimator. Statistically significant trends (at a 95% level of confidence) were detected in more than 30% of the 105 evaluated datasets. The results from the MK test indicate the presence of statistically significant downward trends in the upstream stations and upward trends in the downstream stations, with the latter presenting steep positive slopes. The findings of this study are valuable assets for water resources management and sustainable planning in the Meta River Basin.

V prispevku so predstavljena priporocila za trajnostno nacrtovanje rekreacije na prostem v zavarovanih obmocjih Slovenije, s poudarkom na socialni nosilni zmogljivosti, na primeru Triglavskega narodnega parka in Krajinskega parka Zgornja Idrijca. Trajnostno nacrtovanje rekreacije na prostem (na primeru pohodnistva, gorskega kolesarjenja in vožnje s stirikolesniki) uposteva posebne geografske razmere za posamezne vrste rekreacije na prostem, varovalne režime razlicnih zavarovanih obmocij in zakonodajo. Zapisana izhodisca so namenjena oblikovanju priporocil za nacrtovanje razvoja trajnostnih oblik rekreacije na prostem. V prispevku ocenjujemo, predvsem z vidika domacinov in obiskovalcev, katere oblike rekreacije na prostem so v izbranih zavarovanih obmocjih trajnostne. The article presents recommendations for sustainable planning of outdoor recreation in the protected areas with emphasis on social carrying capacity on the examples of Triglav National Park and Zgornja Idrijca Landscape Park. Sustainable planning of outdoor recreation (hiking, mountain biking and quad riding) includes specific geographical conditions that individual forms of recreation require, as well as the safety regimes of different protected areas. The starting points for the design of measures in the process of sustainable planning of outdoor recreation are presented and intended for regular monitoring and directing of outdoor recreation in the protected areas in Slovenia. In the article we assess which forms of outdoor recreation are sustainable, especially from the point of view of locals and visitors.

To better realign them with sustainable planning, it is important to first understand the historic evolution of pre- and post-World War II small towns. Following a description of their origins, street patterns, urban form and land use, the chapter offers guiding principles for conceptual strategies on how best to make them sustainable while strengthening their centres. These include strategic densification, street patterns, architectural forms, comfortable microclimates, and environmentally sensitive land use.

Purpose – Rankings of the world's cities by a liveability factor have become increasingly significant in the media, among governments and city councils in the promotion of cities, as well as academics interested in understanding the impact of quantifying liveability on urban planning and the relationship of liveability indices and tourism. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach – While examining characteristics of liveable cities according to some of the widely reported liveability indices, such as those produced by Mercer, Monocle magazine and the Economic Intelligence Unit (EIU), the authors provide a snapshot of Perth as a liveable city and consider liveability in relation to urban tourism, sustainability and environment. Perth's liveability ranking is discussed in terms of environmental sustainability, noting that for Perth to retain its position as one of the world's most liveable cities, consideration must be given to sustainable planning and environmental practices at policy, organisational and individual levels, placing the long-term liveability of the environment and Perth's flora and fauna at the forefront of urban, and tourism, planning. Findings – The accessibility of nature in Perth and its surrounds, its outdoor recreational opportunities and warm climate are factors that make it unique. Developing and promoting nature-based tourism would further enhance the accessibility of nature for visitors and residents. While Perth's EIU top ten ranking is justified, its major attributes remain unrecognised by the widely used EIU liveable city assessment framework. Research limitations/implications – Moreover, the notion of a liveable city is open to contention due to the subjective nature of various assessment criteria. Liveability indices should include quantifiable environmental factors such as green space, remnant vegetation, biodiversity, air quality and unpolluted water. Originality/value – This paper thus contributes to the discourse on what constitutes a liveable city, the authors emphasise that liveability is significantly related to the presence of green space and natural areas as well as the opportunity to see and interact with wildlife. Perth has such opportunities for it residents and visitors but as yet the aforementioned natural characteristics are not implicit in international measures of liveability.

Qualitative and quantitative indicators can be used to assess the quality of public space. The coherence of cycling infrastructure connectivity is an indicator of a public space's attractiveness as a basis for the quality of the bicycle traffic operation. We would like to find an optimal balance between the space's form and its image to provide good conditions for cycling as one of the most important forms of sustainable mobility, and consequently a factor facilitating a healthy lifestyle. The new approach brings a completely different view on planning cycling infrastructure, while rather than physical infrastructure characteristics, humans are placed at the forefront of the cycling infrastructure design as the most important measure of its quality. Since the complexity of human beings cannot be controlled with only one science or profession, solving the problem of bicycle traffic is not just a technical problem, but its design and management also lend a multidisciplinary character. From the perspective of different cycling infrastructure users, the study will define integrated multidisciplinary methodology for evaluating the quality of cycling infrastructure, which will equally include the criteria of sensing and perceiving of space. The new approach seeks a system of criteria, which enables the integrated planning of cycling infrastructure in all spatial, organizational, sectoral, and professional levels. All theoretical findings will be tested and demonstrated on the pilot case of the long-distance cycling connection in the area of four Slovenian coastal municipalities, namely Koper, Izola, Piran, and Ankaran.