Search

Urban green space is one of the essential variables to influence urban climate. Urban green spaces offer evaporative cooling. The evaporative process is vital to mitigate the urban heat island. This paper investigates the spatial-temporal pattern changes of urban green space in the tropical city of Kuching, Malaysia, using remote sensing and GIS. To achieve the objective, this study required three steps. The first was a performed pre-processing, namely geometric correction, atmosphere correction, and radiometric correction. The next step was a retrieval of land surface temperature at the thermal band for every selected data for the year 1988, 2000, 2011, and 2019. The third step performed supervised classification for every selected data to generate a land cover map every selected year. The final step was to identify a correlation between urban greens space and LST. The results discovered spatial patterns of urban greens space significantly effects of cooling potential which the more urban green space areas encounter the stronger cooling effect of the urban heat island. The expansion of the urban areas significantly decreases urban green spaces areas. Correct spatial planning is an essential tool for improving urban green spaces infrastructure. This output can improve the knowledge planners, and policymakers understand green spaces recognized in urban areas and plan the urban green space strategically to mitigate UHI effects.

Sarawak recorded the second-highest number of cases since 2013 until 2017 after Sabah. Sarawak is the largest state in Malaysia and needs to provide spatial information, especially to the ministry of health. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the distribution of malaria risk maps. To achieve the objectives of this study requires Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) data, Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), daily temperature, and secondary data on the number of malaria cases in Sarawak. The results of the study clearly show that the occurrence of La Niña and El Niño affects the total distribution of Malaria risk maps. The number of malaria cases is also related to the ONI value. The lower the ONI value causes the malaria case value to decrease. The results of this study suggest that most of the hot spots in the forest, forest fringe, and inland areas of Sarawak. This clearly shows the lack of knowledge and knowledge causing the rural population to be prone to malaria. The Ministry of Health needs to focus on the interior in disseminating teachings and knowledge in dealing with malaria mosquitoes.