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Kesejahteraan manusia dalam teori pembangunan manusia diukur melalui tiga aspek (kesehatan, pendidikan, dan ekonomi). Penilaian terhadap sumberdaya manusia merupakan salah satu konsep yang mulai dilakukan oleh paraahli dunia. Penilaian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis terhadap kondisi sumberdaya manusia di Provinsi Bengkulu. Indeks Pembangunan Berwawasan Kependudukan (IPBK) & Indeks Pembangunan Manusia digunakan untuk mengukur SDM. SDM yang bernilai baik tentunya akan menjadikan kehidupan di Provinsi Bengkulu lebih baik. IPBK Provinsi Bengkulu di tahun 2014 tergolong kelas sedang di tingkat Indonesia, sedangkan kabupaten/kota tergolong tinggi higga sangat tinggi kecuali Kabupaten Seluma, Lebong, dan Bengkulu Tengah yang tergolong sedang. IPBK dan IPM Provinsi Bengkulu menunjukkan korelasi yang positif. Hal ini dikarenakan dimensi pengukuran kedua metode saling berkorelasi. IPBK dan IPM Provinsi Bengkulu tergolong sedang.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of information literacy on the preparedness of the people of Garut Regency in facing the threat of landslide. The data ini this study are the people of Garut Regency who have been affected by landslides based on the 2010 population census based on gender. The research method uses quantitative patterns in the form of surveys. The results showed that the magnitude of the impact of the ability to identify and find the location of information on public awareness in facing the threat of landslides by 38%. The impact of landslide information literacy can increase the preparedness of the people of Garut Regency by 57%. The conclusion is the impact of information literacy has a significant impact on the preparedness of the people of Garut Regency in facing the threat of landslides.

The nitrate concentrations in shallow groundwater of the Yogyakarta City and its surroundings has increased to about twenty times in the period 1985-2018. The objective of this study was to analyse the distribution of nitrate concentrations in water well around the Code River, Yogyakarta. Flownets mapping was performed to find out the distribution and direction of potential groundwater pollution. Nitrate concentration was analysed by taking 18 groundwater samples scattered in the upstream, midstream and downstream areas of the Code River. The results of this study indicate that nitrate concentrations in the water well of upstream and downstream areas could still be used as a source of drinking water and recreation-irrigation-livestock. Meanwhile, the nitrate concentration in water well of the midstream area of the Code River, Yogyakarta City, mostly (80% of the sample) did not meet all classes of water quality standards. Human activities in the densely populated settlements were the main factors that influence nitrate pollution. Furthermore, groundwater flow in the study area leads from north to south and towards the Code River. This condition indicates that the nitrate concentrations in the groundwater can be a source of a pollutant for the Code River.

This research was conducted in three karst springs (Kalisirah, Jumbleng, and Kalikarak) located on the north side of the Karangbolong karst area (Gombong), with objectives to analyze the differences of karst aquifers in releasing flow components from the small void (diffuse), moderate void (fissure), and large void (conduit). Three sets of HOBO U20L-02 water level data loggers were installed over 11-16 months to obtain a time-series discharge hydrograph. Then, the recession period is selected for several flood events that are eligible to calculate the recession constant of diffuse (Kb), fissure (Ki), and conduit (Kc). The results showed that there were differences in the three springs in releasing diffuse, fissure, and conduit storage. Jumbleng spring has the slowest release of diffuse storage (Kb), although the difference is not too significant when compared to the other two springs. Meanwhile, Kalisirah spring is indicated to have the most developed conduit with the smallest Kc value. Besides, this karst region has the shortest time to peak value (Tp) when compared to values in other karst regions on Java, which may be caused by the morphological control of the steep karst cone (runoff is quickly concentrated to the recharge point/ponor).

This research is aimed at uncovering the dynamic interaction of a small water droplet with taro (colocasiaesculenta L) leaf surface that generates superhydrophobicity and leads to the electron jump phenomena. The discussion is supported by the Scanning Electron Microscope, Energy Dispersive X-ray, and Fourier Transform Infra Red analyses of the taro leaf surface. The superhydrophobicity from the contact angle between the droplet and the taro leaf surface during the electron jump was measured using an electrode of aluminum foil attached under the taro leaf. The result shows that the taro leaf surface is covered by a wax layer, which has a nano-stalagmite structure comprising functional groups with some amount of mineral on top. The superhydrophobic field is created by nano-stalagmites primarily composed of Primary and Secondary Amines and Amides (bend) that tend to repel the water droplet. The extremely high surface tension or surface energy results from the repelling force from the nano-stalagmite over the very small radius of the nanostructure. Furthermore, the electron jump is primarily generated due to the high energy of the surface tension of the nano-stalagmite structure assisted by the minerals atop the stalagmite. The electrons jump from their orbit when the functional groups come in contact with H+ and OH- ions of the water droplet. The additional impulse force generated by the collision of the water droplet with the leaf surface along with the dynamic motion of the droplet strengthens the surface tension that pumps more electrons out of their orbit, thereby increasing the electrical voltage.

The time series analysis approach has the ability to recognize the characteristics of a karst aquifer by analyzing the response of the discharge from rainfall in a karst area. The karst aquifer is considered to be a system that influences the response to the conduit, fissure, and diffuse flow. This research was conducted in Mudal, Kiskendo, and Anjani Springs located in the Jonggrangan Karst, Java Island, Indonesia. The objective of this study was to determine the differences in the response of karst aquifers in releasing the flow in these three springs. The data used in this study are paired data of discharge and rainfall, which were obtained from January to November 2018 (N data = 31,408). Discharge data were obtained by installing an automatic water level logger, while rainfall data were obtained by installing automatic rain gauges in each spring. The time series analysis methods that were used are cross-correlation, auto-correlation, cross-amplitude, spectral density, phase functions, and gain functions. The master recession curve (MRC) calculation was performed to confirm the results from the time series analysis. The study reveals that each spring has a different response in releasing the flow components. Anjani Spring has the fastest response to conduit and fissure flows. However, this spring has the longest release duration of the diffuse flow component, indicating that a well-developed karst aquifer can also have high system memory and large storage capacity. Kiskendo Spring has a faster conduit and diffuse flow response than Mudal Spring but has the slowest fissure flow response, reflecting the void fissure that dominates in this site. In addition, MRC confirmed the results of the time series analysis calculation. This MRC analysis also shows that the study sites were categorized as a high sensitivity degree of karst aquifer. The karst aquifer’s characterization in this study can be used as basic data in the water resources management in the Jonggrangan Karst.

The karst hydrologic system in Pindul Cave can be categorised as ‘binary’ because it is recharged by the developed cave systems around it and by the Kedungbuntung ponor, which originates from an undeveloped karst system. The main objective of this study is to determine whether there are any differences in the aquifer characteristics that recharge to the Kedungbuntung ponor and the Pindul Cave outlet, using a time-series analysis approach. This analysis was conducted using univariate (auto-correlation) and bivariate (cross-correlation) statistical methods, which analyse data based on the domains of time (time-based analysis) and frequency (frequency-based analysis). Furthermore, the Master Recession Curve (MRC) calculation was conducted to confirm the time-series analysis result. Water level and rainfall data in both locations were recorded every 15 minutes over a six-month period (January–June 2017; N = 17,376). According to the time-series analysis, both locations were recharged by conduit, fissure and diffuse flow components; this observation was also confirmed by the MRC graphs which bore three components of recession. Comparison between the two locations showed that the Pindul outlet releases storage aquifers faster than Kedungbuntung. This condition may be caused by the Pindul Cave outlet having a complex karst system supplemented by a developing system, in combination with recharge from the Kedungbuntung ponor. Meanwhile, the dischargedischarge cross-correlation between the two locations was less able to describe the complexity of the karst aquifers, as can be demonstrated by the tracing test method. In addition, the MRC indicated that the aquifers in the Pindul Cave karst system (which have developed) may still have a large storage capacity. To obtain more comprehensive information, especially with regard to the character of the developed karst system around the Pindul karst outlet, a follow-up study must be carried out over a longer period using several additional methods to support the results of this time series analysis study. Key words: Master Recession Curve, time series analysis, karst aquifer characteristics, Pindul Cave karst system. Aplikacija analiz casovnih vrst za karakterizacijo kraskega vodonosnika z jamskim sistemom Pindul, Indonezija Kraski hidroloski sistem jame Pindul lahko oznacimo kot binarni, saj ga napajajo okoliski razviti jamski sistemi in ponor Kedungbuntung, ki se steka z nerazvitega kraskega sistema. Glavni cilj te studije je z uporabo analiz casovnih vrst ugotoviti, ali obstajajo kakrsne koli razlike v znacilnostih vodonosnika, ki napaja ponor Kedungbuntung, in tistim, ki napaja jamo Pindul. Ta analiza je bila izvedena z uporabo univariatnih (avtokorelacijskih) in bivariatnih (navzkrižno korelacijskih) statisticnih metod, ki analizirajo podatke na podlagi casovnih in frekvencnih vrst. Za potrditev rezultatov analiz casovnih vrst smo izvedli tudi izracun glavnih recesijskih krivulj (GRK). Vsakih 15 minut v sestmesecnem obdobju (januar–junij 2017; N = 17.376) so bili na obeh lokacijah zabeleženi podatki o vodostajih in padavinah. Glede na analizo casovnih vrst obe lokaciji napajajo komponente kanalskega, razpoklinskega in difuznega toka; to opažanje so potrdili tudi grafi GRK, ki kažejo na tri recesijske komponente. Primerjava med obema lokacijama je pokazala, da jama Pindul hitreje sprosti uskladisceno vodo kot Kedungbuntung, kar je posledica kompleksnega kraskega sistema v kombinaciji z napajanjem iz ponora Kedungbuntung. Hkrati pa medsebojna korelacija praznjenja za obe obmocji manj ucinkovito opise zapletenost kraskih vodonosnikov, kar se lahko dokaže s sledilnim poskusom. Poleg tega je MRC pokazal, da ima vodonosnik kraskega sistema jame Pindul se vedno veliko zmogljivost skladiscenja. Za pridobitev celovitejsih informacij, zlasti glede znacilnosti razvitega kraskega sistema okrog jame Pindul, bi bilo v nadaljevanju treba izvesti dolgotrajnejso studijo, v kateri bi z uporabo vec dodatnih metod ovrednotili rezultate te studije z analizo casovnih vrst. Kljucne besede: glavna recesijska krivulja, analiza casovnih vrst, znacilnosti kraskega vodonosnika, jamski sistem Pindul.

The paper investigates the role of the marine sector into Indonesian economy. This study found that the output from this sector supports approximately 7.86% to the economy. Marine sector contributes about 6.06% to the community income and 4.12% to the workforce. In terms of NTB, this sector is estimated to support approximately 6.64% to the total national economy by 2010. It is suggested that fisheries, marine industry, marine infrastructure and marine services are key sectors that are very potential to be developed.

Water tracing was conducted at Karangbolong Karst as a rapid assessment of the Kalisirah spring hydrological characteristics. This study was conducted to determine the movement of underground flow and the estimation of the Catchment Area using the Todd Nomogram and field observations. The results of flow tracing tests conducted in Pocung Cave indicate that there is underground river network connectivity between Pocung Cave, Jeblosan Sinkhole and Kalisirah Springs. Based on topographic survey and flow tracing test, the calculation of the estimated area of the Kalisirah catchment area is 180 Ha. The results were also validate using other parameters, namely flowrate and rainfall in the research location using Todd Nomogram. The estimated area of the Kalisirah catchment area with the Todd Nomogram is 189.2 Ha. The calculation of the estimated area of Kalisirah catchment area based on topographic survey and water tracing is relevant with the estimated area with Todd Nomogram. Groundwater tracing investigation can be used to determine karst spring catchment area, as a preliminary study to understanding the karst hydrology.

Jumlah penduduk dunia mengalami peningkatan pesat sejak tahun 1650 ketika revolusi industri terjadi. Jumlah penduduk yang semakin meningkat menjadikan kekuatiran beberapa ahli. Pertumbuhan penduduk yang semakin meningkat juga menimbulkan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan. Kebutuhan manusia yang tinggi menjadikan pembangunan tidak memperhatikan kelestarian lingkungan. Pandangan pesimis terhadap sumberdaya manusia diatas menimbulkan perlunya suatu konsep untuk menaggulangi dampak yang terjadi.Penilaian terhadap sumberdaya manusia merupakan salah satu konsep yang mulai dilakukan oleh para ahli dunia. Tulisan ini akan menganalisis beberapakonsep evaluasi sumberdaya manusia yang ada. Konsep tersebut terdiri dari human capital theory, human investment theory, human development theory, sustainable development theory, dan , people centered development theory. Pemahaman mengenai konsep ini penting dilakukan untuk mengetahui arahan pembangunan manusia yang tepat.

Pengukuran terhadap karakteristik demografi dilakukan untuk mengetahui nilai kuantitatif komponen tersebut. Karakteristik yang diukur di penelitian ini adalah jumlah penduduk, rasio jenis kelamin, rasio beban tanggungan, dan kepadatan penduduk. Analisis temporal digunakan untuk mengetahui perbedaan setiap parameterpada jangka waktu tertentu (tahun 1971, 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010). Selanjutnya, nilai tersebut dapat diukur secara kualitatif sebagai gambaran tingkat atau kondisikarakteristik demografi. Hasil pengukuran karakteristik demografi Provinsi Bengkulu merupakan hal yang penting. Hal ini berkaitan dengan pembangunan sumber daya manusia. Pembangunan sudah seharusnya mengarah terhadap kepentingan manusia tanpa merusak lingkungan. Komponen dasar mengenai penduduk dapat dilihat berdasarkan karakteristik demografi. Oleh karena itu, evaluasi kondisi demografi ini merupakan hal penting yang dapat digunakan sebagai dasar evaluasi sumberdaya manusia

Ketenagakerjaan merupakan hal yang penting dalam perencanaan pembangunan. Kondisi ketenagakerjaan di Provinsi Bengkulu perlu dilakukan evaluasi. Bengkulu yang telah berdiri sebagai propinsi sejak tahun 1968 tentunya memiliki perkembangan dalam komponen ketenagakerjaan. Evaluasi terhadap TPAK, economic share, dan employment share pada penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai dasar perencanaan pembangunan manusia di Provinsi Bengkulu. TPAK ProvinsiBengkulu mengalami fluktuasi, yaitu mencapai titik terendah pada tahun 2000 sebagai dampak dari reformasi yang terjadi, namun kembali tinggi pada tahun 2010. Pertanian merupakan lapangan usaha tertinggi yang menyerap tenaga kerja, jasa merupakanlapangan usaha kedua, dan manufaktur merupakan yang paling rendah penyerapan tenaga kerjannya. Sementara itu, pertanian merupakan lapangan usaha denganproduktifitas paling tinggi (40%), jasa adalah setelahnya, dan manufaktur merupakan yang paling rendah.

Indonesia adalah negara maritim begitulah orang-orang kerap menjukuli bangsa ini. Apabila hubungan deterministik dianggap berlaku, lingkungan tempat tinggal sekelompok manusia akan membentuk dan memengaruhi budaya yang ada. Setiap gugusan pulau hingga pesisir tentunya memiliki kondisi lingkungan yang unik. Lingkungan pertemuan antara Selat Makassar, Laut Jawa, dan Laut Flores merupakan salah satu pusat kebudayaan maritim Indonesia. Area tersebut dikenal sebahao segitiga emas nusantara. Enam suku yang memiliki kebudayaan berorientasi laut banyak beraktifitas di wilayah ini. Untuk lebih mengenali sukusuku berorientasi maritim di Indonesia, tulisan selanjutnya akan membahas mengenai pelautpelaut dari Bajo, Bugis, Buton, dan Mandar. Keempat suku ini merupakan yang paling memiliki catatan sejarah tertulis dari enam suku.

Karst aquifers have triple porosity (diffuse, fissure, and conduit) which makes their characterization difficult, and often requires a combination of particular methods and investigation over a long period. The purpose of this study is to analyse the components of the flood hydrograph and create a master recession curve (MRC) in karst aquifers that recharge several springs on the north side of the Karangbolong Karst Area (Gombong). The springs studied include Kalisirah, Jumbleng, and Kalikarak springs. The data used are time-series discharges recorded every 15 minutes from November 2018 to March 2020. Furthermore, the reconstruction of the flow regime for MRC is carried out with the help of RC 4.0 software, which is at the same time able to define the level of karst aquifer development. The results showed that Kalisirah and Kalikarak Springs have a complex discharge regime with a degree of karstification in class 8, while Jumbleng Springs in class 5. Analysis of the components of the flood hydrograph reinforces the results of the calculation of the karstification degree. The time to the peak (Tlag) of the Kalisirah and Kalikarak Springs is relatively fast (1.94 and 1.44 hours), which indicates that conduit flow has developed, while Jumbleng spring has a longer Tlag of 2.69 hours. Calculation of time to base flow (Tb) both manually (by flood events analysis) and automatically (by MRC) shows that Kalikarak Springs has the longest time with an average of about 31 hours which reflects that karst aquifers which contribute to it are still quite good in storing groundwater, while Jumbleng spring has the fastest Tb value with an average of 17.25 hours which reflects the shortest release of water storage compared to the other two springs.

The changes in sectors and linkages in Indonesian economy have been changing thus affecting the structure. This study aims to evaluate the changes in the nation's economic structure by focusing on the development of intra/inter sectors and intra/inter regions linkage using lnterregional Input-Output (IRIO) model in 1995 and 2000 data. The model analyzes the changes by applying the concept of technical coeflicient stability, testing changes on the coeflicients, and exploring the basic IRIO model. The study found that there has been a significant decrease of relative relationship between sectors and regions in Indonesian economy albeit of seemingly insignificant. Further, the analysis in intra and inter regions showed that an increase in intra regions relationship has not been significant meanwhile the decrease of inter regions relationship has been significant. The studies also revealed that industry was a high potential sector in national development priorities notonly because of its high multiplier but also its role in strengthening and increasing theinteractions of intra/inter sectors and intra/inter regions.

Understanding hydrological functions and sediment dynamics in a volcanic area will help decisions makers to a better rehabilitation and reconstruction processes including environmental restoration efforts. The volcanic material can provide the multiple functions; they can improve water quality by allowing water aeration along the river and work as a good aquifer that will keep the water in the groundwater storage. On the other hand, runoff in a volcano has the possibility to induce a more significant hazard. Lahar can cause bigger destruction. The general objectives of this paper were to develop a hydrologic model to characterise the water balance in a volcanic watershed to inform the relationship between rainfall and runoff. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was chosen to test its applicability in an active volcanic watershed. By using this model, the hydrographs were simulated over the area. From the model, we found that Opak watershed consists of 83 sub-catchments. The highest erosion and sediment yield of the area from 2004 – 2013 were found on the sub-catchment number 83 with the total sediment yield is 147.8 ton/year The model achieved a reasonable fit after calibration. This work can provide information on simulated hydrologic processes and function on an active volcanic watershed using SWAT.

Tropical Cyclone Cempaka occurred on November 27, 2017 in the Indian Ocean, just south of Central Java. This incident induced high rainfall leading to flash floods in the southern part of Central Java, including Gunungsewu Karst Area. The highest rainfall recorded on November 28, 2017, in this area was 239 mm/day (Automatic Rainfall Recorder/ARR Station in Pindul Cave) and 341 mm/day (ARR Station in Tepus). The extreme rainfall also caused groundwater flood in Ngreneng Karst Window. This study aimed to analyze the mechanism of this flood. The results of the analysis showed that it was caused by water filling up the conduit passage in the entire Bribin-Baron underground river system. The flow of the conduit pushed the diffuse flow into the surface fast, and the water that came out of Ngreneng Karst Window was thereby clear. The inundation lasted for ten days and submerged up to 26.4 ha of the study area.

Pindul karst system has cave system and sinking stream recharge that cause it prone against flash flood. This research will study flood characteristics in the karst system. Water level logger was installed on karst system outlet and sinking stream of Kedungbuntung to obtain discharge data at 15 minutes interval. Rainfall data is obtained by installing automatic rain gauge on middle parts of karst system. Recording of both was done for six months (January – June). Flood characteristics was obtained by flood hydrograph and rainfall characteristics. The results indicated that Pindul karst system have faster time lag (Tlag) (1.1 and 1.7 hours) than rainfall duration (1.9 hours). Excess rainfall (Pe) is rainfall characteristic that is most influencing flood incident. Temporarily, rainfall percentage becoming surface runoff (% Pe) in outlet and Kedungbuntung were greater at end of rainy season (37% and 14%) than in early rainy season (16% and 8%). Pe percentage below 50% indicated that Pindul karst system is still good in storing groundwater. In spatial term, faster flood behavior in outlet was caused by recharge from cave system and sinking stream. Meanwhile, Kedungbuntung was recharged by aquifer with domination of diffuse fracture.