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The Qilianyu cluster of the Xisha (Paracel) Islands has one of the few remaining green turtle Chelonia mydas rookeries in the China region. Genetic samples were obtained from dead green turtle embryos and hatchlings salvaged from post-hatched nests at Middle Island (n = 3), North Island (n = 9) and South Sand (n = 1) of the Qilianyu cluster in 2017-2019. The ~800 bp mitochondrial DNA control region was sequenced from the samples, and 5 haplotypes were identified belonging to 2 documented clades (clades III and VIII), including 2 new haplotypes (CmP243.1 and CmP244.1) and 3 previously reported haplotypes (CmP18.1, CmP19.1, CmP20.1). These results were combined with previously published mtDNA data for the Qilianyu cluster and nearby (~93 km) Yongle Islands indicating a lack of differentiation based on truncated 384 bp control region sequences (exact test, p = 0.0997; FST = 0.015, p = 0.2760), to represent a single Xisha Islands rookery. The rookery at the Xisha Islands was significantly differentiated (p < 0.01) from all 19 management units (MUs) documented in the Indo-Pacific and Japan regions, supporting recognition of the Xisha Islands rookery as a new independent MU. The results will help inform national and international conservation action plans by China and the countries around the South China Sea to protect green turtles in the West Pacific Ocean.

This study aims to formulate an appropriate alternative development strategy for the Baturraden Botanical Gardens. This strategy can make it easier for the management unit to develop the Baturraden Botanical Gardens even better. Primary data obtained through interviews and questionnaires. Baturraden Botanical Gardens as a vehicle for the environment has conservation and tourism functions. The development of the conservation function of the Baturraden Botanical Gardens is marked by the increasing collection of plants from time to time. Information obtained is that starting in 2014 the management of the Botanical Gardens of Baturraden and Tahura KGPAA Mangkunagoro I was separated through Pergub No. 20/2014. Based on the results of interviews, it was found that the public's view was that to develop the tourism potential of botanical gardens, botanical gardens should diversify activities, especially educational tours. Educational tours that are attractively packaged are one of the factors that can make visitors satisfied and want to visit again.

Brasil y Colombia son considerados países con una alta disponibilidad hídrica, actualmente presentan grandes avances en la implementación de una Gestión Integrada del Recurso Hídrico, sim embargo, exhiben problemáticas comunes en relación con los diversos usuarios y los múltiples usos del recurso dentro de sus territorios. Este trabajo analiza comparativamente cinco instrumentos de gestión (planeación, clasificación de los cuerpos de agua, concesiones y cobro por uso del agua y finalmente el uso de los sistemas de información sobre recursos hídricos), renovando la discusión acerca de los modelos establecidos, donde se denotan deficiencias de aplicación normativa para ambos países. Se encontró un sistema más maduro en su proceso de instalación y con mayores garantías de participación ciudadana en Brasil, en cuanto que el sistema colombiano se encuentra en una etapa más temprana de desarrollo, existiendo una fuerte conexión con la gestión ambiental. La adopción de la cuenca hidrográfica como unidad de gestión es un punto conflictuante por no coincidir con los límites político-administrativos tradicionales. Se toma a la cuenca del río Alto Lebrija en Colombia y las cuencas de los ríos Piracicaba, Capivari y Jundiaí, en Brasil, como ejemplos locales para un mejor entendimiento de la comparación propuesta.

Hatay province has a rich ecosystem that medicinal and aromatic plants grow naturally all across the province. There are about 2.000 flowery plants in the vegetative pattern of the province, and it is around 300 of them are endemic plants. The main purpose of this study was to present the production and processing structure of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) which are commonly traded in the Hatay Province of Turkey. In addition, it was aimed to examine the problems of the sector in the Province, and to bring solutions about those problems. According to the research results: in Hatay Province, MAPs are mostly collected from nature; in terms of local processing enterprises, there are problems about obtaining sufficient raw materials; and spice plants are marketed as semi-processed to the other districts. There is a lack of producer organization of MAPs in the region. In order to improve MAPs industry in the province, it is necessary to establish a MAPs coordination and management unit where all shareholders are represented. It should be focused on: extending MAPs cultivation, providing subsidies for producers and processing enterprises, developing effective marketing and publicity strategies for target markets, and establishing a MAPs research institution.

Actualmente en Latinoamérica existe una creciente preocupación por la planificación de los territorios rurales, particularmente en el marco del ordenamiento territorial. Sin embargo, las particularidades de los territorios rurales construidas por los actores locales aún no han sido atendidas en profundidad. En este artículo definimos los conceptos de territorio y capital social para analizar las redes sociales y la manera en que son percibidas por los actores con el fin de elaborar una propuesta metodológica para definir unidades locales de gestión para el ordenamiento territorial rural. La metodología consta de 4 etapas que, a través de técnicas de recolección cualitativas y cuantitativas y análisis de datos basado en la codificación, permite definir los límites analíticos de la unidad a través de un sistema de información geográfico. Para aplicar la metodología seleccionamos un estudio de caso en el departamento de Santa Rosa, Mendoza-Argentina. Sostenemos que al incorporar la unidad local de gestión en el diseño de políticas territoriales es posible atender las singularidades que inscriben los actores locales en territorios rurales. De esta manera, la planificación territorial podría enriquecer sus acciones al abordar la escala local, es decir, al considerar como unidad de análisis a los sujetos y sus redes. Currently, in Latin America, there is a growing concern for the planning of rural territories, particularly in the context of land use planning. However, the distinctive features of the rural territories which are built by the local actors have not yet been addressed in depth. In this article, we define the concepts of territory and social capital to analyze the social networks and how the actors perceive them in order to elaborate a methodological proposal to define local management units for rural land use planning. The methodology consists of four stages that, through qualitative and quantitative techniques and data analysis based on coding, enables the definition of the analytical limits of the unit with the support of a geographical information system. To apply the methodology, we selected a case study in the department of Santa Rosa, Mendoza-Argentina. The consideration of the local management unit in the design of land use policies allows addressing the singularities that local actors express in rural territories. In this way, land use planning could be enriched by approaching the local scale, that is, by considering subjects and their networks as analysis units. Fil: Sales, Romina Giselle. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño. Instituto Regional de Planeamiento y Hábitat; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas; Argentina

The volume of incidental wood products due to the catastrophic windfalls that occurred on the 17th of September 2017 was estimated, at national level at 460 thousand m3, of which over 200 thousand m3 were registered in the area administered by the Bihor County Forest Administration. The main objective of this paper is the study of the changes that appear in the micro-relief and of the influence of some environmental characteristics, in the beech stands (Fagus sylvatica L.) from the Forest District Sudrigiu, Management Unit U.P. VII Văratec, Bihor County Forest Administration, Romania, as an effect of windfalls. The field observations had the purpose of: determining the displaced volume (DV); breast height diameter (D1.3); height of tree (HT); average root diameter (ARD); age (A); depth of micro-depression (DM) and depth of rock / parent material (DRP). Bifactorial linear regression of the DV according to the two characteristics of the tree (D1.3) and the soil (DRP) allows an assessment of the volume of displaced soil with an accuracy of 95%. The volume of soil dislocated in the beech stands (Fagus sylvatica L.) from the Forest District Sudrigiu, Management Unit U.P. VII Văratec, Bihor County Forest Administration, Romania, evaluated with the help of the two-factor linear regression based on the basic diameter of tree D1.3 and the depth of the rock / parent material DRP and respectively the number of felled trees is between 2589.89 m3 for u.a. 100 A, partially affected and 13694.46 m3 for u.a. 104 A, affected by mass felling. To acknowledge the total volume of dislocated land and of the specific volume (m3/ ha), for the different compartments, is important for the analysis and differentiation of the variants of works necessary for the forest reconstruction of the lands affected by windfalls.

Understanding population dynamics is essential for achieving sustainable and productive fisheries. However, estimating recruitment in a stock assessment model involves the challenging task of identifying a self-sustaining population, which often includes representing complex geographic structure. A review of several case studies demonstrated that alternative stock assessment models can influence estimates of recruitment. Incorporating spatial population structure and connectivity into stock assessment models changed the perception of recruitment events for a wide diversity of fisheries, but the degree to which estimates were impacted depended on movement rates and relative stock sizes. For multiple population components, estimates of strong recruitment events and the productivity of smaller population units were often more sensitive to connectivity assumptions. Simulation testing, conditioned on these case studies, suggested that accurately accounting for population structure, either in management unit definitions or stock assessment model structure, improved recruitment estimates. An understanding of movement dynamics improved estimation of connected sub-populations. The challenge of representing geographic structure in stock assessment emphasizes the importance of defining self-sustaining management units to justify a unit-stock assumption.

Forest Management Unit (FMU) is a growing phenomenon in Cameroon, impacting biodiversity negatively. This study was initiated to assess vascular epiphytes’ species loss on exploited trees t...

The research verified the integration between the Rural Environmental Register (CAR) and the National Register of Rural Property (CNIR), based on the Law on 'Georeferencing of Rural Property' (Law 10.267 / 2001) and Ministerial Order No. 511/2009, which established the guidelines for the Multi-purpose Land Cadastre in Brazil. The CAR was created in the new Forest Code (Law 12.651 / 2012) and constitutes a georeferenced database on forest areas of private properties, focusing on the preservation of Brazilian forest resources in the rural environment. So far, it is in the implementation phase, the CAR has demonstrated weaknesses in its methodology for geometric survey of the limits to be declared, divulging alarming data regarding overlapping of the areas. Through a preliminary proposal of a conceptual model, based on the theoretical principle of the OMT-G, was verified the conceptual discrepancies and similarities, as well as the integration potential between the Rural Environmental Register (CAR) and the National Register of Rural Property (CNIR), in order to propose best practices for territorial and environmental management. As a result, the conceptual and logical characterization of the smaller territorial management unit of each cadastral system (CAR and CNIR) was obtained, as well as the respective proof of their incompatibilities. Each spatial management system presented a distinct structuring model that prevents potential integration between cadastre databases and widens the differences in the recognition and management of the basic unit of the territory, whether for planning or for decision-making.

In this study we assessed the breeding population, or Management Unit (MU), origin of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) present at Yadua Island and Makogai Island foraging grounds in Fiji, central South Pacific. Based on analysis of mitochondrial (mt) DNA sequences from 150 immature green turtles caught during surveys carried out in 2015–2016, we identified a total of 18 haplotypes, the most common being CmP22.1 (44%) which is a primary haplotype characterizing the American Samoa breeding population. Results of a Bayesian mixed-stock analysis reveals that the two foraging grounds are used by green turtles from the American Samoa MU (72%, Credible Interval (CI): 56–87%), New Caledonia MU (17%, CI: 6–26%) and French Polynesia MU (7%, CI: 0–23%). The prominence of the contribution we found from the American Samoa MU compared to that of French Polynesia, both which have historic telemetry and tagging data showing connectivity with Fijian foraging areas, may reflect the current relative abundance of these two nesting populations and draws attention to a need to update population surveys and identify any significant nesting in Fiji that may have been overlooked.

Studying the distribution of organisms and their movements is fundamental to understand population dynamics. Most studies indicated that crocodilians do not move around much but several studies demonstrated that some species showed movement patterns. Detection of these movements along the individual life is still a challenge. In this study we analyzed the variation of strontium isotopic ratio (87Sr/86Sr) in the femur bones of 70 Caimanya care individuals caught in 16 sites located in five hydrological sectors of the Beni river floodplain in Bolivia. Our results demonstrated for the first time that such a methodology could yield indications about the capture sites and reconstruct individual life history. Analyses of the outer part of the femur of 70 individuals showed that capture sites could be differentiated between sectors and even between sites or groups of sites in each sector. Studies of complete 87Sr/86Sr profiles along the femur, representing the individual’s entire life, were performed on 33 yacares. We found that most of the individuals did not show any significant isotopic variation throughout their lives. This absence of variation could result from a high fidelity to the birth site, and/or from an insignificant isotopic variation between the water bodies through which the animal has potentially moved. However, 24% of the analyzed individuals presented significant variations that can be considered as movements between different habitats. Based on the observed low proportion of moving yacares, we advocated that each water body should be considered an individual management unit.

The Meteorological Archives of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is the largest professional meteorological archives in the Inner Mongolia region, and it is also the first national meteorological archives to be promoted to a national first-class archive management unit. Inner Mongolia Meteorological Archives now preserves more than 80,000 volumes of meteorological management files, meteorological observation records, meteorological scientific research files, and meteorological infrastructure files, providing the most fundamental support services for the development, research and application of meteorological services.

The ancient catfish family Diplomystidae, with seven species endemic to rivers of southern South America, represents one of the oldest branches of the diverse order Siluriformes. With most species endangered, new reports of these species become extremely valuable for conservation. Currently, it is assumed that Diplomystes species inhabit only Andean (large) basins, and that they are extinct from coastal (small) basins from which their presence have not been recorded since 1919. Here, we document new records of the family Diplomystidae in the Laraquete and Carampangue basins, two coastal basins from the Nahuelbuta Coast Range, Chile, with no previous reports. This finding represents the rediscovery of the genus in coastal basins in more than a Century. Based on analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences, the collected specimens were found to be closely related to Diplomystes nahuelbutaensis from the Andean Biobío Basin, but sufficiently differentiated to suggest that coastal basin populations are a different management unit. These populations are important because, contrary to previous thoughts, they prove these catfish can survive in small river networks, providing unique opportunities for research and conservation. The conservation category of Critically Endangered (CE) is recommended for the populations from the Laraquete and Carampangue basins. RESUMEN La familia de bagres Diplomystidae, con siete especies endémicas de ríos del sur de Sudamérica, es uno de los linajes mas antiguos del diverso orden Siluriformes. Al estar la mayoría de las especies amenazadas, nuevos registros de éstas son extremadamente valiosos para su conservación. Actualmente, se ha asumido que los Diplomystidos se distribuyen solo en cuencas Andinas (más grandes), y que sus especies estarían extintas en cuencas de menor tamaño como las costeras, sin registros desde 1919. En este trabajo documentamos la familia Diplomistidae en las cuencas de Carampangue y Laraquete, dos cuencas costeras de la Cordillera de Nahuelbuta, Chile, lo que representa el primer registro de esta familia en estas cuencas costeras. Además, este hallazgo representa el re-descubrimiento de la familia en cuencas costeras después de un siglo. Sobre la base de análisis de ADN mitocondrial, los especímenes colectados se relacionaron más cercanamente con poblaciones de la especie Diplomystes nahuelbutaensis presente en la cuenca del Biobío. Sin embargo, existen diferencias genéticas suficientes entre las poblaciones costeras y las del Biobío para justificar su separación como unidad de manejo distinta. Estas poblaciones costeras son importantes porque demuestran que los Diplomístidos pueden sobrevivir en cuencas de pequeño tamaño, ofreciendo oportunidades únicas para su investigación y conservación. Se recomienda la categoría de conservación En Peligro Critico de Extinción (CR) para las poblaciones de las cuencas Laraquete y Carampangue.

Knowing the relationship between the total suspended solids concentration (TSS), turbidity in the waters, and that turbidity analysis can be done faster and in less expensive way, this study aimed to obtain mathematical model to estimate the total suspended solids (TSS) concentration from the turbidity values for waters of Doce river basin. For this purpose, it was used the water quality database of the Minas Gerais Institute of Water Management (IGAM). The data were pre-treated using the adjusted boxplot technique followed by adjustment of curves for the different management units and rainfall regime period. It was verified the possibility of a single curve through the dummy variable technique, subsequently. With the results it was observed that the adjusted boxplot technique proved to be useful for environmental data. Linear relationships with R2 values, as a rule, were higher than 0.6, however, it was not possible to develop a single model. It is concluded that the generated models presented good adjustments being able to be used for predicting the concentration of TSS as a function of turbidity. However, each management unit in each period of rainfall regime presents particularities that were reflected in the prediction models.

Assessing a species’ threatened status and then developing specific conservation strategies accordingly rely heavily on knowing that species’ complete and accurate spatial distribution. In this study, we used the Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) in China to represent a large threatened species for which distribution information is limited and spatially biased. We grouped the two main sources of black bear occurrence data into two different resolutions: (1) coarse resolution data corresponding specific management units (e.g., nature reserves) that cover large areas, and (2) fine resolution data composed of longitude and latitude records that were bias in their geographic range. Our distribution mapping approach integrated those two data types to examine black bear spatial patterns across the country. We used both presence and absence data in the Random Forest algorithm to predict black bear distribution at coarse (30 km) and fine (3 km) resolutions, and then refined the coarse-scale prediction with the fine-scale prediction using a map fusion technique based on the Bayes theorem. We thus generated an integrated high-resolution range map that was both more accurate than the coarse-scale map and more representative of the black bear geographic range than was the fine-scale map. Our results showed that the total estimated range of Asiatic black bears in China was 462.3 × 103 km2, 77.50% less than the most recent IUCN range map and 70.90% less than the area of habitat (AOH) estimation. Using those results, we identified two island and six mainland management units in China and, based on the predicted habitat conditions, proposed specific conservation strategies for each unit. Our study results provide practical knowledge and pragmatic guidance for future conservation planning and action for this species, and our framework provides an example and template for range estimations of species with similar types of occurrence records.

Atualmente, cerca de dois bilhões de pessoas carecem de acesso à água de qualidade. No Brasil, tal situação é agravada por questões geográficas, adensamento populacional e poluição. Considerando que a bacia hidrográfica é a unidade de planejamento ambiental no Brasil, pressupõe-se que a realização de seu manejo de forma adequada e aplicação das políticas correlacionadas favorecem a promoção dos usos múltiplos da água. O presente artigo visa fornecer uma visão geral da gestão de recursos hídricos, adotando a bacia hidrográfica como unidade de manejo, abordando aspectos básicos ligados aos recursos hídricos, o histórico do sistema de gestão de recursos hídricos brasileiro e apontar elementos que podem ser empregados no manejo de bacias hidrográficas. Os esforços destinados à gestão dos recursos hídricos no Brasil se iniciaram em 1934, o manejo das bacias hidrográficas deve ser pautado na implementação de estratégias conservacionistas, do saneamento ambiental e da promoção da articulação entre os instrumentos existentes. O processo de gerenciamento deve envolver todos os interessados e os recursos arrecadados com a cobrança pelo uso da água devem favorecer a condução das ações nas bacias hidrográficas. O Grau de Hemerobia consiste em uma ferramenta útil para verificar a influência da paisagem sobre a qualidade da água e eventuais desregulações dos ecossistemas. Water resource management and hydrographic basin management in Brazil: basic elements, historic and strategies A B S T R A C TCurrently, about two billion people lack access to quality water. In Brazil, this situation is aggravated by geographical issues, population density, and pollution. Considering that the hydrographic basin is the environmental planning unit in Brazil, we assumed that the performance of its management in an appropriate manner and application of related policies favors the promotion of multiple water uses. This article aims to provide an overview of water resources management, adopting the hydrographic basin as a management unit, addressing basic aspects related to water resources, the historic of the Brazilian water resource management system and pointing out elements that can be used in the management of hydrographic basins. Efforts destined to the water resources management in Brazil began in 1934, the management of hydrographic basins must be guided by the implementation of conservationist strategies, the implementation of environmental sanitation and promoting the articulation between the existing instruments. The management process needs to involve all stakeholders and the resources collected from charging for the use of water favors the conduct of actions in hydrographic basins. The Hemeroby Degree is a useful tool for verifying the influence of the landscape on water quality and possible deregulation of the ecosystems.Keywords: Aquatic Ecosystems; Management; Planning; Environmental Policy.

The Level II Sample Plot where the research presented in the paper was conducted is located on Mt. Crni Vrh, in the Dubašnica management unit - compartment 11 - in the area managed by the Boljevac Forest Estate. Thirty marked beech trees (Fagus moesiaca (Domin, Mally) Czeczott.) had the defoliation assessed and the damage determined by class and agent in the growing period of a three-year-long research period. The investigations presented in this paper were performed following the catastrophic ice storm that devastated this area in the winter of 2014. The aim was to monitor the response of trees to a major natural disaster. The results showed that the investigated beech trees had been recovering relatively quickly although they had remained highly vulnerable to the attack of harmful pests and diseases, primarily to the extremely dangerous "beech bark disease", which occurred in the study stand two years after the damaging ice storm. Since beech is a very sensitive species, its condition after a major disaster needs to be monitored regularly at the affected localities in order to prepare and implement a program of adequate measures of protection and thus prevent the disease from growing to epiphytotic proportions or causing a chain of damaging events which could easily spread to the unaffected surrounding areas.

Wildlife agencies liberalize hunting seasons and bag limits to reduce white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) density in peri-urban areas, often without knowing how hunters or private landowners will respond. To reduce deer density effectively, such programs must attract 1) hunters who are willing and able to harvest antlerless deer and 2) private landowners who are willing to permit needed hunter access. We assessed these conditions for a program in New York State, USA, that permitted participants to harvest 2 antlerless deer/day, over a 96-day period, within a 20,530-ha management unit. A mail survey (n = 683; 65% response) documented that participating hunters were interested in taking multiple antlerless deer, but few were able to do so. Moreover, the participant drop-out rate was high between program years 1 and 2, primarily because many hunters could not gain access to land and fulfill their expectations about seeing and harvesting deer. Telephone interviews with a random sample of 100 (from a population of 4 ha revealed that, despite their concerns about negative impacts of deer, few area landowners allowed additional hunters on their lands, often citing concerns about 1) interference with personal or family hunting activities or 2) the behavior of unknown hunters. We concluded that the program only minimally increased antlerless deer harvest, due in large part to limits on hunter access. Wildlife agencies need to understand hunters and landowners to create conditions necessary for local hunting programs to be effective tools to manage peri-urban deer populations. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.

The Reddish Egret (Egretta rufescens) inhabits Cuban coastal saline habitats, although the number of individuals and specific breeding and foraging locations are largely unknown. Unpublished fieldwork data, as well as data coming from scientific literature, zoological collections and eBird, were collated to assess the Reddish Egret breeding population and number of foraging individuals in Cuba. A total of 155 breeding pairs, which represent 3% of the estimated global population and 22% of the estimated regional population (i.e., Eastern Management Unit), were confirmed. Most of the breeding reports were distributed within the Sabana-Camaguey archipelago (54%, n = 13 breeding areas). Foraging Reddish Egrets were common throughout Cuba's coastal saline habitats and were documented in most of the localities referred to in published and unpublished sources (88%, n = 65 sites). These observations accounted for a maximum of 544 birds (n = 20 sites), which represent 7–10% of the global population estim...

Sea ice is declining over much of the Arctic. In Hudson Bay the ice melts completely each summer, and advances in break-up have resulted in longer ice-free seasons. Consequently, earlier break-up is implicated in declines in body condition, survival, and abundance of polar bears (Ursus maritimus Phipps, 1774) in the Western Hudson Bay (WH) subpopulation. We hypothesised that similar patterns would be evident in the neighbouring Southern Hudson Bay (SH) subpopulation. We examined trends 1980–2012 in break-up and freeze-up dates within the entire SH management unit and within smaller coastal break-up and freeze-up zones. We examined trends in body condition for 900 bears captured during 1984–1986, 2000–2005, and 2007–2009 and hypothesised that body condition would be correlated with duration of sea ice. The ice-free season in SH increased by about 30 days from 1980 to 2012. Body condition declined in all age and sex classes, but the decline was less for cubs than for other social classes. If trends towards a longer ice-free season continue in the future, further declines in body condition and survival rates are likely, and ultimately declines in abundance will occur in the SH subpopulation.

Gunung Rajabasa is in register 3, under Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan Lindung (KPHL, Management Unit of Protected Trees) Gunung Rajabasa. Cugung is village under KPHL Gunung Rajabasa owns a local forest with high diversity, especially long-tailed macaques. Research was conducted in October – November 2014. Habituation was done, concentration count was applied in 4 location its groups size in Cugung is 17-22 individuals. Group composition is 4-5 males, 6-9 females, 1-3 young males, 1-3 young famales and 1-2 infants. Keywords : Local Forest , KPHL Gunung Rajabasa, long-tailed macaques, g roup s iz e

Harvest indices are used by state wildlife management agencies to monitor population trends and set harvest quotas for furbearer species. Although harvest indices may be readily collected from hunters, the reliability of harvest indices for monitoring demography and abundance of the harvested species is rarely examined, particularly amongst large carnivores. The overall objective of this study was to assess whether cougar (Puma concolor) harvest statistics collected bywildlife managers were correlated with changes in cougar demography, mainly survival rates and abundance. We estimated key demographic parameters for 2 cougar populationsinUtah over17years during whichwemonitored235 radio-collared cougars. Wethencompared these demographic parameters to harvest statistics provided by the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources over the same time period for the Oquirrh-Stansbury (lightly harvested population) and Monroe (heavily harvested population) harvest management units. In the Oquirrh-Stansbury unit, the percent of harvested cougars >6 years old was positively correlated with annual survival, indicative of a population experiencing several years of high survival resulting in an older age structure. Percent of permits filled and cougar abundance were also significantly correlated, suggesting higher hunting success with increased density. In the Monroe management unit, the annual percent of permits filled was correlated with changes in overall annual survival and male and female annual survival. Of utmost importance, pursuit success (cougars treed/day) increased with the number of cougars on the unit suggesting that pursuit indices may be an informative metric for wildlife managers to determine cougar population trends. Because both management units were subjected to contrasting mortality regimes, results provided by this assessment could potentially be applied to additional management areas sharing similar ecological characteristics and harvest metrics. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

Harvest reporting has been in place for High Arctic muskoxen in Nunavut, Canada, since 1990-91. The communities of Resolute, Grise Fiord, and Arctic Bay harvest muskoxen in the region. Overall, muskox harvest has declined in Resolute and Grise Fiord since the 1990s. The recovery of Peary caribou populations on the Bathurst Island Complex, which provides an alternate preferred source of country food, may be a factor behind Resolute’s decreased muskox harvest. The proportion of harvest for domestic use has also declined relative to sport hunts, which have remained relatively constant since the 1990s. We compared muskox harvest from tag records and reported harvest, i.e., the voluntary surveys to the Nunavut Wildlife Harvest Study for muskoxen. It is clear that voluntarily reported harvest underestimates actual harvest, but not consistently enough to predict the actual harvest. Muskox populations are at historic high levels on Bathurst Island, southern Ellesmere Island, and Devon Island and could support more harvest than is currently taken. Changes to Total Allowable Harvests and management unit boundaries in 2015, combined with a decline in the availability of Baffin Island caribou as country food, may result in increased harvest pressure on muskoxen in the High Arctic.

O Oeste Paulista, a segunda região mais degradada do Estado de São Paulo, tem na Unidade de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos – UGRHI 22 / Pontal do Paranapanema a maior representação dos danos ao meio ambiente ocorridos nos últimos anos, nesta porção do estado. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo caracterizar as unidades ambientais, potencialidades e fragilidades físicas da bacia hidrográfica que compõe a UGRHI 22 por meio da análise integrada e sistêmica dos seus componentes naturais. Nesse sentido, o estudo em questão traz como embasamento teórico e conceitual a teoria da Geoecologia da Paisagem, a qual estabelece que as relações e inter-relações entre os componentes do meio físico possibilitam a reflexão e a compreensão de sua dinâmica. Assim, para a concretização dos objetivos do trabalho, inicialmente, realizou-se o levantamento dos componentes naturais da região, tais como a Geologia, Pedologia, Geomorfologia, dentre outros, o que resultou na elaboração de mapas temáticos que possibilitaram a identificação das características dos elementos da paisagem. Aos componentes atribuiu-se peso de um a cinco, no qual o mais baixo corresponde a uma paisagem estabilizada – e o mais alto a uma paisagem degradada –, tendo vista a identificação da fragilidade segundo suas características físicas Em seguida, a partir da sobreposição dos mapas produzidos a partir desses pesos, calcularam-se suas médias aritmé- ticas. Os resultados apresentam uma definição dos graus atribuídos a cada uma das feições e uma apresentação de um mapa síntese do estado geoecológico, que contribui para o planejamento das atividades antrópicas da UGHR – 22., The Oeste Paulista, the second most degraded region in the State of São Paulo, has, in the Water Resources Management Unit - UGRHI 22 / Pontal do Paranapanema, the largest representation of the environmental damage that occurred in recent years in this portion of the state. The present paper aims to characterize the environmental units, potentialities and physical fragilities, throughout the integrated and systematic analysis of the natural components of the hydrographic basin that composes UGRHI 22. Therefore, the study in question brings as its theoretical and conceptual basis the Landscape Geoecology theory, which establishes that the relationships and interrelations between the components of the physical environment make possible to reflex and understand its dynamics. Thus, in order to achieve the objectives of this work, we initially conduct a survey of the regional natural components, such as Geology, Pedology, Geomorphology, and others, which resulted in the elaboration of thematic maps that enabled the identification of the characteristics of the elements of the landscape. We assigned weights from one to five for the landscape’s components, in which the lowest corresponds to a stabilized landscape - and the highest to a degraded landscape -, in order to identify the fragility according to its physical characteristics. Then, from the overlapping of the maps produced from these weights, their arithmetic averages were calculated. The results display a definition of the degrees attributed to each of the features and an arrangement of a synthesis map of the geoecological state, which contributes to the planning of UGHR-22’s anthropogenic activities.

The research aims to (1) Analyze management strategies to create productive and sustainable forests, (2) Determine priority strategies in managing Unit V Production Forest Management (KPHP) Units. The research is conducted from August to September 2017 in the Production Forest Management Unit (KPHP) Unit V in 4 (four) districts / cities namely Minahasa Regency, Tomohon City and Southeast Minahasa Regency and South Minahasa Regency. Data collection methods in this study include primary data and secondary data, primary data includes: 1) Strategic environmental issues through FGD forums, 2) Strategic priority determination through expert opinion, Secondary data obtained by studying the relevant data: 1) The Unit V / KPHP forest governance document in the regency / city area, namely Minahasa Regency, Tomohon City, Southeast Minahasa Regency and South Minahasa Regency, 2) Biophysical, socio-economic and institutional data of the study area obtained from Unit V RPHJP document data. Analysis tools are descriptive analysis, and a combination of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and SWOT. The results of the study show that (1) the management strategies used in Unit V KPHP are aggressive strategies or support policies established in KPHP unit V management. (2) priority strategy in KPHP management Unit V is managing the area, utilizing watershed rehabilitation and strengthening institutional and safeguarding Unit V's core KPHP areas in forest management, as well as the development of forest utilization models, market-oriented agroforestry, and adequate financial support in Unit V KPHP operations.*eprm*

Spawning and nursery grounds are poorly described for the West Nordic stock of Greenland halibut ( Reinhardtius hippoglossoides ) and the entire stock is assumed to originate from a common spawning ground southwest of Iceland. Greenland halibut with hydrated eggs in their ovary were caught during a gillnet survey in 1995 in Greenland waters. This suggests that the spawning areas for the West Nordic stock are not limited to the previously described area southwest of Iceland. Further this paper provides information on distribution of immature Greenland halibut in the fjords of East Greenland. The densities in Tasilaq area suggest that this area may be part of a nursery area in the West-Nordic management unit. However, the importance of this area to the stock is currently unknown. The results have potential implications for the management of the West Nordic Greenland halibut as the management seems to comprise of several stocks, or perhaps a meta-population.

This article reports findings from an evaluation of a Global Positioning System (GPS) pilot that took place in the Cardiff Integrated Offender Management Unit (IOMU). The evaluation was based primarily upon qualitative interviews with about half of the tracked sample of offenders, plus interviews with key stakeholders from the IOMU, police and courts. The findings revealed a general consensus of positive views from both offenders and practitioners about the experience of GPS tracking. However, these generally positive outcomes were clearly related to the voluntary and relatively targeted nature of the pilot, which would be challenged if/when GPS tracking was introduced more widely.

Federal migratory bird bands have been inscribed with a postal address and toll-free telephone number (toll-free bands) since 1995 for their reporting, but in 2007 the postal mail address was replaced with an internet address (web-address bands). The reporting rate of web-address bands is unknown, and knowledge of band reporting probabilities is an integral part of bird band-recovery studies designed to obtain unbiased estimates of harvest rates and recovery rates if use of band types differs across space and time. We estimated web-address band reporting probabilities for mourning doves (Zenaida macroura) in the United States by comparing the relative recovery rate (ratio) of web-address to toll-free bands and applying this as an adjustment factor to the known reporting probabilities of toll-free bands. Cooperators banded 132,386 doves representing 57,982 (44%) web-address and 74,404 (56%) toll-free bands in July and August during 2008–2010 across 34 states, 12 regions, and 3 management units. Of the birds banded, 4,642 (3.5%) were direct recoveries, as a result of being shot, and all but 3 were reported via telephone or internet. Nationally, internet reporting accounted for 16.3% of toll-free bands and 42.9% of web-address bands recovered. Web-address bands had a greater recovery rate than toll-free bands (ratio = 1.081, SE = 0.027). We found some evidence of spatial variation in ratio estimates at management unit and regional scales, but the variation was primarily at the regional level where it was not great (range = 1.015–1.213) and statistical support for this variation was not particularly strong (SE = 0.129). Nationally, the web-address band reporting probability was 0.535 (SE = 0.021), an absolute increase of 0.040 compared to the reporting probability of toll-free bands. The additional reporting probability of web-address bands relative to toll-free bands must be accounted for in band-recovery studies used to obtain estimates of harvest rates and recovery rates if use of band types differs across space and time for mourning doves and possibly other species. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.

Patch burning is the deliberate application of fire to a management unit in a heterogeneous manner, resulting in the heterogeneous distribution of grazing animal impact. The application of patch burning typically has been discussed within a framework of imposing heterogeneity on a homogeneous landscape or management unit, yet most landscapes and management units are actually distinguished by an inherent level of heterogeneity. Within landscapes and management units, differing topography and soils interact to create patterns of contrasting patches, also known as topoedaphic sites. Thus, introduction of a heterogeneous disturbance such as patch burning on a landscape or management unit is more accurately described as the imposition of one layer of heterogeneity onto a pre-existing layer of heterogeneity. We examined effects of patch burning on vegetation structure and animal distribution across contrasting topographical sites in sand sagebrush (Artemisia filifolia Torr.) shrubland of the southern Great Plains in North America. Landscapes at our study site were characterized by an inherent amount of heterogeneity in vegetation structure due to variability in topoedaphic sites, and the patch burning treatment superimposed additional heterogeneity that was constrained by topoedaphic characteristics. Shrub-dominated sites were more dependent on patch burning for heterogeneity of vegetation structure than sites dominated by short grasses. Distribution patterns of cattle (Bos taurus) were not significantly different across treatments, though they followed patterns similar to previous studies. We demonstrated that heterogeneity was dependent on topoedaphic patterns and the application of patch burning management for heterogeneity was dependent on the inherent variability of a landscape.

The eastern North Pacific gray whale Eschrichtius robustus was removed from the US Endangered Species List in 1994, and since then aboriginal groups in Washington (USA) and British Columbia (Canada) have discussed the resumption of traditional whaling. In particular, the Makah are pursuing legal permission to resume their hunt. Although the majority of whales in this popula- tion migrate to summer feeding grounds in the Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas, a small number of individuals (~200) spend the summers feeding in the waters ranging from northern California to southeast Alaska. The relationship of these 'southern feeding group' whales to the rest of the popu- lation is unknown. This information is key to making appropriate management decisions, because these whales inhabit the waters directly adjacent to the aboriginal communities interested in resum- ing whaling. We compared mitochondrial sequence data from 40 southern feeding group individuals to sequences from 105 individuals representing the larger population. We found significant differ- ences in haplotype frequencies between the 2 groups, with an estimated long-term rate of exchange between the groups being <

Adult lake whitefish were tagged and released from the Big Bay de Noc (BBN) and Naubinway (NAB) stocks in northern Lake Michigan, and the Detour (DET) and Cheboygan (CHB) stocks in northern Lake Huron during 2003–2006 to describe their spatial and temporal distributions. The contemporary spatial distributions were compared with past distributions of the BBN and NAB stocks. Sixty-two percent of BBN tag recoveries occurred in Wisconsin waters during winter, spring and summer, but 83% of fall tag recoveries were made near the tagging site. Eighty-eight percent of the NAB tag recoveries were made in the management unit of tagging and 7% occurred into northern Lake Huron. Over 90% of the DET stock remained in the vicinity of the tagging sites regardless of the season, while 75% of the CHB tag recoveries were made in northwestern Lake Huron and 17% were made in Ontario. Based on regression tree analysis, there were strong stock, season, and year effects on movement distances, with weaker effects due to sex and length at tagging. Spatial distribution of the BBN stock changed from 1978–1982 to 2003–2008, but spatial distribution of the NAB stock did not. Substantial differences in movement and distribution existed among the four stocks, large seasonal differences in spatial distribution were found within some stocks, and lake whitefish exhibited strong spawning site fidelity. Present management unit boundaries are inappropriate for managing three of our four stocks, and agencies should consider developing single harvest limits for both northern Lake Huron and western Lake Michigan.

Red deer Cervus elaphus is a highly appreciated and intensively managed game species throughout Europe. A common management objective is a sustainable harvest of large trophies. In southern Sweden, management has mainly aimed at preserving the nominate subspecies C. elaphus elaphus. Seasonal migration of red deer males may, however, complicate both harvest management as well as conservation efforts. I used individually identified male red deer in southern Sweden to observe distance travelled from rutting areas to areas used by males in summer and winter. Adult males were identified by antler shape and photo-documented during rut. Photos from the rut were compared to trophies of deer harvested or found dead, to found cast antlers and to stags photographed during summer. From 1969 to 2007, a distance between rutting ground and summer/winter quarters was established for 96 identified stags. An average distance of 14 km and a maximum distance of 47 km were recorded between rut and summer/winter observations. The seasonal migration of males increases the risk of overexploitation of males with harvest in both rutting areas and wintering areas. Harvest management and conservation efforts may fail if males seasonally migrate outside the management unit. The results suggest that seasonal migration must be considered in harvest management and conservation and that there is a need for a regulation of male harvest. Furthermore, the study stresses that the success in deer management of single hunting units, may be largely dependent on the harvest policies in the near surroundings as well as in areas tenths of kilometres away, suggesting that a successful management must rely on co-operation and co-ordination on a landscape scale.

International audience; To refine our understanding of the spatial structure of the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) populations in the South West Indian Ocean (SWIO), we analysed patterns of mitochondrial DNA (396 base pairs control region fragment) variation among 171 samples collected at five distinct locations (Kenya, Northern Mozambique, and three locations in the Republic of Seychelles: the Granitic, Amirantes, and Farquhar groups) and compared them to genetic data (n = 288), previously collected from 10 southern locations in the SWIO. We also analysed postnesting satellite tracks (n = 4) from green turtles nesting in the Amirantes group. Pairwise comparisons of haplotype frequencies showed significant genetic differentiation amongst rookeries and suggest that the SWIO hosts two main genetic stocks of nesting green turtles that could themselves be divided in two sub-stocks that still need to be confirmed: A. the Southern Mozambique Channel, that could be composed of two sub-stocks (a1) Europa and (a2) Juan de Nova, and B. the Northern SWIO (N-SWIO) comprising two sub-stocks (b1) the Seychelles archipelago stock—SEY; and (b2) the remaining Northern SWIO rookeries. The newly revealed differentiation of the Seychelles population is supported by restricted migration of females tracked from the Amirantes group suggesting relatively limited links with other regional stocks. We hypothesize that this differentiation could be due to local and regional current patterns and to the role of the Indo-Pacific Barrier as a genetic break, enhanced during periods of sea level decrease associated with a rare but continuous flow of hatchlings and young juveniles from Western Australia.

Prescribed fire is used to reduce coverage of woody vegetation in early successional habitats, but burning may also result in direct and indirect mortality of reptiles inhabiting the burn site. Mowing prior to burning has been hypothesized to render grassland habitats unsuitable for the massasauga (Sistrurus catenatus), thereby reducing the number of individuals that may be affected in the management unit at the time of burning. I evaluated the impact of mowing prior to summer burning on massasaugas at Squaw Creek National Wildlife Refuge, in northwestern Missouri, during the summer of 2003 using radiomarked snakes. Pre-burn mowing resulted in the direct mortality of three (43%) of seven radiomarked massasaugas present in the treatment area. Prescribed fire resulted in a mortality of one of two remaining individuals. Pre-burn mowing did not reduce mortalities as hypothesized and likely added to the overall snake mortality rate. Management alternatives other than mowing and prescribed fire when snakes are active should be considered when managing massasauga habitat.

Data on tag recoveries of 31 adult female and two juvenile loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) along the eastern Adriatic coast were analysed. All adult females originated from Mediterranean nesting areas: 29 from Greece, one from Cyprus and one from Turkey. This is the largest aggregation of long-distance tag recoveries in the Mediterranean for the loggerhead population nesting in Greece. The short period elapsed between the last observation of some turtles on the nesting beach and their recovery suggests the existence of a migratory pathway from the Ionian Sea into the Adriatic. Recoveries of some turtles within a period of a year indicate that loggerheads reside in the Adriatic for some time, suggesting that some individuals may demonstrate a level of site fidelity for these marine habitats. The high concentration of tag returns in the shallow northern Adriatic highlights this region as an important feeding habitat, for the population nesting in Greece in particular. The Ionian–Adriatic loggerheads form an important management sub-unit for this nesting population.

Cod in the Baltic Sea is assessed and managed as two separate stocks, i.e. eastern and western Baltic cod. The eastern Baltic cod has recently started to recover after several decades of severe depletion. In the present study, we suggest that the recovery of the eastern Baltic cod population has also substantially increased cod abundance in a specific area of the adjacent western Baltic management unit. This is investigated through long time-series of spatially resolved stock assessment data supplemented by genetic analyses of origin of the cod currently found in the transition area between the two populations. Due to immigrating cod from the east, there are currently large spatial differences in cod abundance and mean weight in the western Baltic management unit that raise new management concerns. First, the high abundance of cod of eastern origin found in the western Baltic management unit can mask the relatively poor state of the western Baltic cod population. Second, the current fishing mortality estimates for the entire western Baltic management unit, used as basis for fisheries management, are difficult to interpret as these are highly influenced by mixing of biological populations and the spatial distribution of fisheries.

11 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables., At present there is considered to be only one management unit of Sebastes mentella in the Northeast Arctic. A morphometric analysis was conducted to compare specimens from different locations and different times of the year. Residuals of the regression between each morphometric variable and standard length were used as input in a stepwise discriminant analysis, which revealed morphometric differences between three main regions: Svalbard, the Barents Sea and the Norwegian Sea, with the Lofoten area being an intermediate area where fish from the other three areas are present during some of the year. A previously described spawning migration pattern can also be derived from this analysis; the implications on survey design in this region are discussed., This study was supported by the European Union (ERBFMBICT 960772).

Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) is today widely advocated by natural resources managers and the scientific community as the preferred approach to manage water. IWRM stresses the river basin as the single management unit and the integration of freshwater using sectors and stakeholders across society.

Atlantic cod Gadus morhua in the Bay of Fundy are currently managed by Canada as part of a single management unit known as North Atlantic Fisheries Organization (NAFO) division 4X, although it has long been suspected that many stocks occur in that region. Through analyses of fishery and egg and larval distributions, abundance indices from research vessel surveys, tagging results adjusted for effort, and available literature, we examined the hypothesis that a separate stock of Atlantic cod occurs in the western half of the Bay of Fundy (NAFO unit areas 4Xs and 5Yb). The ichthyoplankton and fishery distribution data supported the hypothesis. In particular, ichthyoplankton data indicated spawning activity in the western side of the Bay of Fundy. The tagging data, however, indicated a high rate of exchange between the east and west sides of the Bay of Fundy. Given such interchange, creation of a separate management unit in the western Bay of Fundy will likely not yield benefits in terms of improved s...

Feral pig Sus scrofa control in Kipahulu Valley, a remote rain forest in Haleakala National Park, Maui, Hawaiian Islands, has been achieved with snares over a 45-month period. Initial pig densities in fenced management units of 6·2 km 2 and 7·8 km 2 were estimated at 6 animals/km 2 and 14·3 animals/km 2 for the two units, based on population reconstruction from animals killed and aged. During the 45 months of the study, 1978 snares were set, and 1·6 million snare nights were logged. Snare density reached 96/km 2 and 200/km 2 for the two management units by the end of the study. A mean effort of 43 worker hours/pig was used to remove 53 pigs from the upper management unit, and a mean of 7 worker hours/pig to remove 175 animals from the more densely populated lower unit. Pig activity monitoring along transects provided a good measure of control effectiveness until densities of about 1 pig/km 2 were achieved, after which transects became less useful than scouting for determining pig activity.

Cugung forest managed by Protection Forest Management Unit Model (KPHL) of Rajabasa Mountain, its a natural habitat for simpai (Presbytis melalophos). Its size and structure are not known. Research was done to observe its group size and population structure in Cugung forest using concentration count method. Group size was 11 individuals, with 4 reproductive age and 5 young individuals and 2 infants. Sexual ratio is 1:2.Key word: simpai, group size, a cugung forest

We explore the response of pastoralists to rangeland resource variation in time and space, focusing on regions where high variation makes it unlikely that an economically viable herd can be maintained on a single management unit. In such regions, the need to move stock to find forage in at least some years has led to the evolution of nomadism and transhumance, and reciprocal grazing agreements among the holders of common-property rangeland. The role of such informal institutions in buffering resource variation is well documented in some Asian and African rangelands, but in societies with formally established private-property regimes, where we focus, such institutions have received little attention. We examine agistment networks, which play an important role in buffering resource variation in modern-day Australia. Agistment is a commercial arrangement between pastoralists who have less forage than they believe they require and pastoralists who believe they have more. Agistment facilitates the movement of livestock via a network based largely on trust. We are concerned exclusively with the link between the characteristics of biophysical variation and human aspects of agistment networks, and we developed a model to test the hypothesis that such a link could exist. Our model builds on game theory literature, which explains cooperation between strangers based on the ability of players to learn whom they can trust. Our game is played on a highly stylized landscape that allows us to control and isolate the degree of spatial variation and spatial covariation. We found that agistment networks are more effective where spatial variation in resource availability is high, and generally more effective when spatial covariation is low. Policy design that seeks to work with existing social networks in rangelands has potential, but this potential varies depending on localized characteristics of the biophysical variability.

ISEGI/CEGI, Institute for Statistics and Information Management of the New University of Lisbon, Portugal, e-mail: bacao@isegi.unl.pt; painho@isegi.unl.pt IMAR/Department of Exact and Technological Sciences of the Portuguese Distance Learning University, Lisbon, Portugal, e-mail: scaeiro@univ-ab.pt BioMedware, Inc. 516 North State Street, Ann Arbor, USA, e-mail: goovaerts@biomedware.com IMAR, Faculty of Science and Technology of the New University of Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal, e-mail: mhcosta@fct.unl.pt

The stand as the inescapable management unit is commonly defined for certain characteristics such as cover type, ecological site type (or its components), and proposed use. Examples thereof are given in this paper. Confusion arises, however, when people use one characteristic, and then they themselves or others assume that different or additional characteristics apply. This also happens when the same land parcel is part of several stands because divergent criteria are used, for example in a tropical environment, logging suitability versus species composition. The stand must therefore be viewed as dynamic, whereby change may occur in the temporal as well as in the spatial domain, incorporating new, or integrating a series of previously competing management objectives. Better resource management will also result when stands are delineated according to inherent physical properties, intrinsic biological potential, and current vegetation status (species, age, etc.). Some difficulties preventing this at present are described.

A bacia do rio Ipanema encontra-se inserida na unidade de gerenciamento de recursos hídricos 10 (UGRHI’s 10 – Sorocaba/Médio Tietê), especificamente na bacia do rio Sorocaba. O rio Sorocaba é o afluente mais importante da marquem esquerda do Médio Tietê, drenando uma área de 5269 Km², sendo o rio Ipanema um de seus vários afluentes da marquem esquerda. A UGRHI 10 abrange trinta e quatro municípios, dos quais dezoito se encontram na bacia do rio Sorocaba. O desenvolvimento destes municípios tem aumentado cada vez mais a carga poluidora lançada na bacia do Sorocaba, entretanto, até dez anos atrás muitos de seus afluentes apresentavam de boa a ótima qualidade da água, qualidade essa que se reduziu em virtude de receberem esgotos in natura (sem tratamento), provenientes de loteamentos situados na periferia de Sorocaba e outros municípios. O rio Ipanema, cujas águas estão em processo de deterioração em decorrência da emissão de esgotos, é um rio situado na periferia de vários municípios, entre eles Sorocaba e Araçoiaba da Serra. Sendo assim, o diagnóstico ambiental do meio aquático do rio Ipanema pode servir de subsídio para iniciativas de proteção dos ecossistemas aquáticos bem como do recurso hídrico. O presente trabalho foi realizado através de campanhas de amostragens mensais de três pontos ao longo do rio Ipanema pelo período do ano de 2009, de forma a perceber possíveis variações espaciais e sazonais da qualidade da água do meio aquático através da análise de doze parâmetros considerados significativos para a qualidade do rio, sendo que nove deles foram utilizados para o cálculo do Índice de Qualidade da água (IQA) e um para o cálculo do Índice de estado Trófico (IET). As águas do rio Ipanema apresentaram boa qualidade com relação ao IQA apesar de alguns valores de parâmetros acima do estipulado pela CONAMA 357/05.

A study on the management planning of Public Forest in Tana Toraja Regency was implemented with the aim of establishing a concept for forest product regulation in order to attain an optimum result and benefits in the interest of the owners and regional development. As the result, the public forest that located on 10 districts in Tana Toraja Regency can be organized into four Management Units. By an appropriate management treatments, every management unit can present an adequate and sustainable quantity of raw material for wood processing industries in this region. Keywords: Management Planning, Public Forest, Yield Sustainability, Management Unit, and Annual Allowable Cut

The results of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) tagging experiments conducted in Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization (NAFO) Subareas 3 and 4 between 1958 and 1973 were reexamined. Data from the 230 recaptures indicated a tendency for fish released on the Scotian Shelf to move to the northeast, while fish released on the Newfoundland Grand Bank showed no preferred direction of movement. The Laurentian Channel does not appear to be a barrier to migration for this species. Small (