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The new lichen species Lecidea phaeophysata is described from rocks close to the coast in Italy, Portugal, France and Ireland. Distinguishing features include Porpidia-type asci and simple paraphyses that are fuscous brown pigmented in their upper section. Its systematic position is discussed but is unclear as molecular data are lacking (all collections are c. 20 years old). Therefore, we chose to describe the species in a broadly-circumscribed Lecidea rather than erecting a new monotypic genus. A key to saxicolous lecideoid lichens present on Atlantic coasts in Europe is also provided.

Recent field work in the Petersburg Borough of southeastern (SE) Alaska has led to the discovery of two species of lichenized fungi in the Ostropales that are here described as new to science: Jamesiella dacryoidea Fryday, which has green-grey dacryoid thlasidia, and Sagiolechia bairdensis Fryday, which has very small apothecia (

We report 100 lichen and allied fungi species for the first time from Quebec, Canada. Six of these species are new to North America: Arthonia subastroidea, Biatora mendax, Cornutispora pyramidalis, Gyalecta hypoleuca, Taeniolella pertusariicola, and Varicellaria lactea. Six additional species are new to Canada: Cecidonia xenophana, Lecidea commaculans, L. herteliana, Polycoccum sporastatiae, Scoliciosporum intrusum, and Stereocaulon leucophaeopsis. All collections are from parc national de la Gaspesie on the Gaspe Peninsula in eastern Quebec. Our collections were made between 2012 and 2017, primarily during Crum and Tuckerman Workshops. We provide diagnostic descriptions of all species that are new continental or national records. Our results demonstrate the park's rich and unexplored biodiversity and conservation importance, and contribute to a better understanding of the lichen and allied fungus biota of Canada and North America.

The data presented here are based on examination of collections made in the 1970s mainly by Barbara Murray and held in the University of Alaska Museum of the North herbarium, Fairbanks (ALA). Four species, Micarea inquinans, Placynthium garovaglioi, Protoblastenia lilacina, and Trimmatothele perquisita, are reported for the first time from North America and 10 species, Clauzadea metzleri, Clauzadeana macula, Ionaspis obtecta, Lambiella gyrizans, Lemmopsis arnoldiana, Placynthium tantaleum, Poeltinula cerebrina, Protoblastenia incrustans, Rimularia gibbosa, and Sagiolechia protuberans, are reported for the first time from Alaska. Records of nine other species that are uncommon in Alaska are also reported.

The bryicolous lichen Ameliella andreaeicola is reported for only the second and third times from North America and new to the U.S. from Mitkof Island and Katmai National Preserve, Alaska. Its original discovery in Canada and rediscovery in Alaska are described, along with a note on its disjunct distribution.

Borgato, L., Fryday, A. M. & Ertz, D. 2020. Preliminary checklist of the lichens and lichenicolous fungi of Martinique, with 144 new records. – Herzogia 33: 139 –178.Martinique is a French island that is part of the Lesser Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean Sea. A preliminary checklist of the lichens and lichenicolous fungi known from this island is published for the first time. We report 247 lichens and four lichenicolous fungi, among which 87 taxa were already recorded in literature reports, whereas 144 additional species are here reported for the first time from studies of the collections stored in the herbaria of the Michigan State University (MSC) and the Meise Botanic Garden (BR), or from the databases of the herbaria of the Duke (DUKE) and Uppsala (UPS) universities. Arthonia arthoniicola is reported for the first time from the Neotropics. An additional 16 species from the same collections, for which the identification is uncertain, are also mentioned.

The new species Calvitimela austrochilenis Fryday and Tephromela superba Fryday are described: the former from several collections from southern Chile and one from Marion Island, and the latter from southern South America (including the Falkland Islands), Campbell Island, (New Zealand), and Antarctica. Four new combinations are also made in Tephromela: T. atrocaesia (Nyl. ex Cromb.) Fryday from Îles Kerguelen, Heard Island, South Georgia, and southern South America; T. atroviolacea (Flot.) Fryday from southern South America and Îles Kerguelen; T. lirellina (Darb.) Fryday from only southern South America; and T. skottsbergii (Darb.) Fryday, which is shown to be an earlier name for T. austrolitoralis (Zahlbr.) Kalb & Elix, from throughout the region. Lectotypes are selected for Lecanora atrocaesia and L. atroviolacea. The systematic placement of Tephromela eatonii (Cromb.) Hertel from Kerguelen, Marion Island and Bouvetøya is also discussed but the species is retained in Tephromela.

A total of 293 different lichens (and lichenicolous fungi) were found above an elevation of 884 m on Katahdin during fieldwork from 2000 to 2004 and from study of previously collected herbarium specimens. Thirteen of these are new to North America, 39 additional lichens are new to northeastern United States and 26 additional ones are new to Maine; three additional taxa are almost certainly new to science but are not formally described in this study. We identified eight distinct lichen habitats on Katahdin: (1) A1, exposed alpine tundra and fellfields; (2) A2, high elevation alpine sites protected from northwest winds; (3) A3, east-facing alpine late-snow areas; (4) A4, alpine krummholz; (5) A5, cirque headwalls facing east and north; (6) A6, cirque headwall facing southeast; (7) B1, exposed low-altitude tundra, talus and krummholz; and (8) B2, subalpine forests. Each habitat except A4 had numerous lichens (10–56 taxa) found in none of the others, and each differed statistically from two to six ot...

Katahdin, the highest peak in Maine at 1606 m, has about 13 km2 (1300 ha) of alpine and subalpine tundra and krummholz on a summit plateau and in upper cirque basins. Lichens and bryophytes have been collected above tree line since the mid-19th century, but the cryptogam biota of the mountain has remained incompletely documented. For 16 days during 2001–2004 we inventoried lichens and bryophytes of the subalpine and alpine zones of Katahdin (above 884 m), visiting open alpine tundra, alpine cliffs in glacial cirques, seeps, fellfields, krummholz and subalpine forests. We relocated most species represented by historic collections and added many more to the documented biota, including significant range extensions and species new to North America or northeastern United States. The floristic results are presented in two associated papers. Here we (1) summarize previous studies of the botany, ecology and geology of Katahdin; (2) compare quadrats from a Diapensia heath in exposed alpine tundra on the T...

The new species Megalaria allantoidea Fryday is described from the subantarctic Îles Kerguelen in the southern Indian Ocean, where it grows over terricolous bryophytes or Azorella selago cushions. It differs from all other described species of Megalaria in having large, sausage-shaped ascospores. The systematics of the genus Megalaria is reviewed, ascus structure of some previously described species revised, and the position of the new species in the genus discussed.

Background: The last comprehensive list of lichenised, lichenicolous and allied fungi reported from South Africa was published in 1950. A checklist is important to provide basic information on the extent of the diversity, and to provide the most recent name and classification.Objective: To present a list of all the lichenised, lichenicolous and allied fungi reported from South Africa.Methods: The list presented is entirely literature based and no attempt has been made to check the report of any taxa or their status by checking the specimens upon which they are based. Firstly, all taxa that were not reported from within the modern boundaries of South Africa were excluded. Next, the Recent literature on lichens database was searched for literature on South African lichens since 1945 and all references checked for new species or new reports, which were then added to the list. These names were then checked against Index Fungorum to ensure that the most current name was being used. Finally, the list was rationalised by excluding all synonyms and dubious infraspecific taxa.Results: The current list includes 1750 taxa in 260 genera from mainland South Africa, with an additional 100 species and 23 genera from the sub-Antarctic Prince Edward Islands, which are treated separately. The replacement name Verrucaria dagolavii Fryday is proposed for Verrucaria umbilicata Øvstedal.Conclusion: It is estimated that, when fully explored, the lichen biota of South Africa will consist of somewhere between 2500 and 3000 taxa.

Background: The last comprehensive list of lichenised, lichenicolous and allied fungi reported from South Africa was published in 1950. A checklist is important to provide basic information on the extent of the diversity, and to provide the most recent name and classification.Objective: To present a list of all the lichenised, lichenicolous and allied fungi reported from South Africa.Methods: The list presented is entirely literature based and no attempt has been made to check the report of any taxa or their status by checking the specimens upon which they are based. Firstly, all taxa that were not reported from within the modern boundaries of South Africa were excluded. Next, the Recent literature on lichens database was searched for literature on South African lichens since 1945 and all references checked for new species or new reports, which were then added to the list. These names were then checked against Index Fungorum to ensure that the most current name was being used. Finally, the list was rationalised by excluding all synonyms and dubious infraspecific taxa.Results: The current list includes 1750 taxa in 260 genera from mainland South Africa, with an additional 100 species and 23 genera from the sub-Antarctic Prince Edward Islands, which are treated separately. The replacement name Verrucaria dagolavii Fryday is proposed for Verrucaria umbilicata Øvstedal.Conclusion: It is estimated that, when fully explored, the lichen biota of South Africa will consist of somewhere between 2500 and 3000 taxa.

Background: The last comprehensive list of lichenised, lichenicolous and allied fungi reported from South Africa was published in 1950. A checklist is important to provide basic information on the extent of the diversity, and to provide the most recent name and classification.Objective: To present a list of all the lichenised, lichenicolous and allied fungi reported from South Africa.Methods: The list presented is entirely literature based and no attempt has been made to check the report of any taxa or their status by checking the specimens upon which they are based. Firstly, all taxa that were not reported from within the modern boundaries of South Africa were excluded. Next, the Recent literature on lichens database was searched for literature on South African lichens since 1945 and all references checked for new species or new reports, which were then added to the list. These names were then checked against Index Fungorum to ensure that the most current name was being used. Finally, the list was rationalised by excluding all synonyms and dubious infraspecific taxa.Results: The current list includes 1750 taxa in 260 genera from mainland South Africa, with an additional 100 species and 23 genera from the sub-Antarctic Prince Edward Islands, which are treated separately. The replacement name Verrucaria dagolavii Fryday is proposed for Verrucaria umbilicata Øvstedal.Conclusion: It is estimated that, when fully explored, the lichen biota of South Africa will consist of somewhere between 2500 and 3000 taxa.

Background: The last comprehensive list of lichenised, lichenicolous and allied fungi reported from South Africa was published in 1950. A checklist is important to provide basic information on the extent of the diversity, and to provide the most recent name and classification.Objective: To present a list of all the lichenised, lichenicolous and allied fungi reported from South Africa.Methods: The list presented is entirely literature based and no attempt has been made to check the report of any taxa or their status by checking the specimens upon which they are based. Firstly, all taxa that were not reported from within the modern boundaries of South Africa were excluded. Next, the Recent literature on lichens database was searched for literature on South African lichens since 1945 and all references checked for new species or new reports, which were then added to the list. These names were then checked against Index Fungorum to ensure that the most current name was being used. Finally, the list was rationalised by excluding all synonyms and dubious infraspecific taxa.Results: The current list includes 1750 taxa in 260 genera from mainland South Africa, with an additional 100 species and 23 genera from the sub-Antarctic Prince Edward Islands, which are treated separately. The replacement name Verrucaria dagolavii Fryday is proposed for Verrucaria umbilicata Øvstedal.Conclusion: It is estimated that, when fully explored, the lichen biota of South Africa will consist of somewhere between 2500 and 3000 taxa.

Ten lichen species: Buellia miriquidica, Catillaria contristans, Fuscidea gothoburgensis, Hymenelia cyanocarpa, Lecanora caesiosora, “Lecidea” commaculans, Metamelanea umbonata, Micarea coppinsii, M. marginata and Stereocaulon plicatile are reported for the first time for North America from Mt. Katahdin, Maine. A further 22 taxa for which the Mt. Katahdin records represent a significant extension of their range on the continent, mostly being first reports from either eastern North America or the contiguous United States, are also reported.

Twenty-six lichen taxa are reported for the first time from either the Tierra del Fuego Archipelago, the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), or both, from collections made by Henry Imshaug and his co-workers between 1968 and 1971 and now housed in the herbarium of Michigan State University (MSC). Of these, Alectoria sarmentosa subsp. vexillifera, Bartlettiella fragilis, Micarea incrassata, M. melaena, Parmelia kerguelensis, Rhizocarpon infernulum and R. submodestum are reported for the first time from South America, and Alectoria nigricans, Brigantiaea fuscolutea, Buellia anisomera, B. subcervina, Caloplaca isidioclada, C. millegrana, Lecidella wulfenii and Megalospora tuberculosa are reported for the first time from Argentina or the Falkland Islands.

Lithographa serpentina Coppins & Fryday is newly described from Campbell Island (New Zealand), and is unique within its genus and order for having submuriform ascospores. Also newly described are Lithographa opegraphoides Coppins & Fryday from the Falkland Isles, Rimularia actinostoma Coppins & Fryday from Canada (British Columbia), and Rimularia austrolimborina Coppins & Fryday from southern Chile. The new combination Lithographa graphidioides (Cromb.) Imshaug ex Coppins & Fryday is made to accommodate the previously misunderstood Stigmatidium graphidioides Cromb. and the more recently described Lithographa subantarctica Hertel & Rambold. A key to all described species of Lithographa is provided.

An unexpected concentration of calcicole mosses and lichens has been discovered at and near a small spring seep on the granite headwall of the North Basin of Mt. Katahdin, Piscataquis County, Maine. Water samples from the spring were circumneutral and high in calcium ion content, whereas other springs, ponds, and streams on the mountain tested acidic and low in calcium. Because the Katahdin granite contains no primary carbonate minerals, it is suggested that the source of calcium enrichment in the North Basin spring water is secondary calcium carbonate (calcite) precipitated in cavities and fractures near the base of the upper Katahdin granite and its subsequent dissolution and mobilization by percolating groundwater. Plagioclase, epidote, and other calcic minerals in the granite supply the primary calcium ions. The moss calcicoles grew in small discontinuous patches on wet humified peaty soil over alpine bedrock ledges in communities having floristics and water chemistry similar to lowland rich ...

The new species Rhizocarpon timdalii, is described from north-west Europe and north-east North America. The ecology and distribution of the new species are also discussed.

Summary The mountains of the Western Highlands of Scotland support a lichen vegetation that is apparently unique in Europe, and probably the world. This lichen vegetation consists mainly of microlichens and is important both intrinsically, with a number of rare and apparently endemic taxa and communities, and as a major contributor to the botanical biodiversity of the ecosystem. By contrast, the lichen vegetation of the Eastern Highlands, which consists mostly of terricolous macrolichens, is best considered a fragmented, species-poor outlier of that present in Scandinavia and is of national interest only.

The lichen collection assembled by Dr. Henry Imshaug at the herbarium of Michigan State University (msc) is described. It is not only one of the largest in North America, but is notable also for its geographic range, including important collections from the Caribbean and several southern hemisphere island groups. Until recently this collection was not readily accessible, but it is now fully available to researchers through loans and visits.

The lichen vegetation associated with areas of late snow-lie in the Scottish Highlands is described and three lichen-dominated communities recognized; from the tops of large boulders, from small pebbles, and from damp soil. The first of these is exclusive to this habitat throughout the Highlands, whereas the other two are restricted to areas of late snow-lie in the Eastern Highlands but are of more widespread occurrence further west. The community from damp soil has affinities with the Solorinion croceae Klement, which occupies a similar ecological niche in Central Europe, but the two other communities are apparently undescribed. The importance of the eu-oceanic climate of the Western Highlands in determining the distribution of these communities is emphasized. The new combination Micarea cinerea f. tenuispora (D. Hawksw. & Poelt) Fryday is made for the anamorph of M. cinerea (Schaer.) Hedl.

Summary A brief review of recent work is followed by an outline of current research being undertaken into the montane lichen vegetation of Scotland. This is followed by a look at some of the areas in need of further study.

The lichen vegetation associated with calcareous rocks, areas of long snow-lie and the margins of high-level lakes in North Wales is described. It includes Porpidia ochrolemma (Vain.) Brodo & R. Sant. and Rhizocarpon anaperum (Vain.) Vain, new to the British Isles, plus a further 30 taxa recorded for the first time from Wales. The relative importance of the montane lichen vegetation of North Wales is assessed by comparison with areas in other parts of the British Isles. It is shown to exceed in interest any montane area in England or Ireland but to be below the standard of an otherwise comparable area in Scotland.

The lichen flora of high ground in the west of Ireland is described by reference to four localities (Brandon Mountain, Muckanaght, Ben Bulben, Slieve League). These were selected on the basis of their reputation for calcicolous alpine vascular plants and for being some of the most highly oceanic mountains in Europe. The montane element in the lichen flora is strictly limited, populations being small and isolated, although sub-montane species are more frequent. A small group of 44 species has been identified, which is 30% fewer than is found in either the Lake District or Snowdonia; their distribution and ecology are described. The margin of high-level tarns on Brandon Mountain support communities of outstanding importance, including Rinodina fimbriata, new to the British Isles. Seventeen lichens are reported as being new to Ireland.

While studying the taxonomy of the non-yellow species of Rhizocarpon DC., with hyaline and muriform ascospores, in the Nordic countries (Ihlen 2004), some specimens of Rhizocarpon from the Svalbard archipelago were also examined. Among this material, we discovered six specimens of Rhizocarpon anaperum (Vain.) Vain. that had been labelled “R. obscuratum”. As R. anaperum is not listed in the recent checklist from Svalbard (Elvebakk & Hertel 1996) or, to our knowledge, in any other paper dealing with the lichen flora of Svalbard, it is here reported new to this archipelago.