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The stability of the limestone cliff at Gunung Kandu, Gopeng, Perak, Malaysia was assessed based on the Slope Mass Rating (SMR) system on 53 cross sections of the Gunung Kandu hill slopes. The slopes of Gunung Kandu were identified as class I (very good) to IV (poor). The kinematic analysis showed that 12 out of 53 hill slopes of Gunung Kandu were identified as having potential wedge, planar and toppling failures. The assessment showed that the stability of the western flanks can be classified as stable to unstable with the probability of failure from 0.2 to 0.6. The stability of the eastern and southern flanks range from very stable to partially stable with the probability of failure from 0.0 to 0.4. While the stability of northern flanks are from very stable to stable with the probability of failure of 0.0 - 0.2. This systematic approach offers a practical method especially for large area of rock slope stability assessment and the results from probability of failure values will help engineers to design adequate mitigation measures.

The limestone hill of Batu Caves is slowly being turned into a recreation park for slope climbing, base jumping and cave exploring. Quantitative assessment on the stability of the cave is essential to ensure the safety of tourists and visitors. The aim of this study was to quantitatively assess the stability of Gua Damai, Batu Caves, Selangor, Malaysia by using the Q system for rock mass classification, together with other factors such as cave width and thickness of the cave roof. The stability of the limestone cave wall was evaluated using Slope Mass Rating (SMR). A discontinuity survey conducted along the slopes beneath the opening of the cave showed that the rock mass comprised of four major joint sets labeled as J1, J2, J3, and J4 with the dip directions and angles of 110˚/73˚, 325˚/87˚, 243˚/39˚ and 054˚/30˚, respectively. The result of kinematic analysis showed that the dip direction/dip angle of a potential wedge failure was 051˚/59˚. By referring to the ratio of cave roof thickness with cave width, the results showed that the cave is stable. Based on the relationship between Q system and the cave width, the stabilities of Section 4 of Gua Damai is stable while Section 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 and 8 require supports. Based on SMR, the cave walls stability at Portion c, d, and f were not stable while Portion a, b, e and g were stable. Overall, the most stable part of the cave is Section 4 followed by Sections 5 and 2. Sections 1, 3 and 8 are moderately stable while Sections 6 and 7 have poor stability.

The purpose of this research is to know the application of SRI (System of Rice Intensification) method in Pematang Setrak Village, to analyze farmer attitude toward SRI (System of Rice Intensification) method and to know the influence of socio-economic characteristics of farmers (age, education, number of dependents and land area) on farmers attitude in the application of SRI (System of Rice Intensification) method. The method used is descriptive method and multiple linear analysis. From the research results obtained: 37.50% and 35%, the attitude of farmers strongly agree and agree with the implementation of this method of SRI means that rice farmers in the village of Pematang Setrak Teluk Mengkudu Sub district Serdang Berdagai district accept and give a positive attitude towards the application of SRI Method (System of Rice Intensification). From the multiple regression analysis obtained R-Square value of 0.816, it identifies that simultaneously the attitude of farmers affected by age, education, duration of farming, the number of dependents, and the land area of 81.6%, and the remaining 18.4% influenced by other factors outside variables studied. While partially tested the variables that affect the attitude of farmers are age variables, the number of dependents, and land area whereas education and duration of farming does not affect the attitude of farmers in the application of SRI method. Keyword : Rice, SRI Method, attitude of farmer

The uniqueness of the karst topography of Kinta Valley is the result of the spectacular shaped steep-sided limestone towers. The instability of these hillslopes however, may affect the vulnerability of the surrounding area. This paper presents the results of slope stability assessment by using kinematic analysis to investigate the possible failure modes of 7 slopes in Gua Naga Mas (GNM1, GNM2 and GNM3), Gua Kandu (GK1, GK2 and GK3) and Gua Tempurung (GT) located in the southern part of the Kinta Valley, Ipoh, Perak. From the results of the slope stability assessment, it was determined that planar failure and wedge failure were the main failure modes. The GNM1 slope of Gua Naga Mas consist of four wedge failures and a planar failure with dip directions/dip angles of 005°/54°, 354°/59°, 124°/52°, 360°/50° and 063°/70° respectively. The GNM2 slope consists of a wedge failure with the dip direction/dip angle of 021°/64°. Two wedge failures and a planar failure were identified on slope GNM3 with the respective dip directions/dip angles of 336°/49°, 301°/68° and 270°/71°. The GK1 slope for Gua Kandu consists of wedge and planar failures with dip directions/dip angles of 231°/49° and 217°/49° respectively. The mode of failure at GK2 slope was identified as wedge failure with the dip direction/dip angle of 154°/44°. No mode of failure was identified on slope of GK3. Slope GT of Gua Tempurung was identified to have two wedge failures with dip directions/dip angles of 011°/49° and 321°/48° respectively.