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• The host genetics has been related to susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. • Gene polymorphisms in VDR , IL10 , and SLC11A1 have been investigated with regard to susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB). • The VDR polymorphisms were associated with an increased risk of TB in the Brazilian population. • A high production of VDR plus a low production of IL10 showed protection against TB. Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious and contagious disease that has been very influential in human history and presents high rates of mortality. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of VDR , IL10 , and SLC11A1 gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. A total of 135 patients with confirmed TB and 141 healthy individuals were included in the analysis. Blood samples were collected for DNA extraction. Genotyping of the polymorphisms in the VDR and IL10 genes was performed by real-time PCR, and genotyping of the polymorphisms in the SLC11A1 gene by conventional PCR, followed by visualization in polyacrylamide gel. The genomic ancestry was obtained using an autosomal panel with 48 insertion/deletion ancestry-informative markers. Polymorphisms TaqI (TT, p = 0.004), FokI (CC and CC + CT, p = 0.012 and p = 0.003, respectively), and BsmI (GG, p = 0.008) in the VDR gene, as well as A-592C (GC + AG, p = 0.001) in the IL10 gene, were significantly associated with susceptibility to TB In addition, high production of VDR combined with low production of IL10 showed protection for the TB group (p = 0.035). The VDR polymorphisms may confer an increased risk and the IL10 haplotype may be a protection factor for the presence of M. tuberculosis infection in the Brazilian population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]