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6 results on '"Natalia V, Milshina"'

1. Hymenoptera Genome Database: integrated community resources for insect species of the order Hymenoptera

Author

Anna K. Bennett, Jaideep P. Sundaram, Monica Munoz-Torres, Christine G. Elsik, Juan Manuel Anzola, Kevin L. Childs, Christopher P. Childers, Justin T. Reese, and Natalia V. Milshina

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Relational database, education, Genome, Insect, Genomics, Computational biology, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Genome, 03 medical and health sciences, Phylogenetics, Databases, Genetic, Genetics, Animals, Gene, 030304 developmental biology, Whole genome sequencing, Comparative genomics, 0303 health sciences, Ecology, Molecular Sequence Annotation, Articles, Hymenoptera, Systems Integration, Software
Abstract

The Hymenoptera Genome Database (HGD) is a comprehensive model organism database that caters to the needs of scientists working on insect species of the order Hymenoptera. This system implements open-source software and relational databases providing access to curated data contributed by an extensive, active research community. HGD contains data from 9 different species across 200 million years in the phylogeny of Hymenoptera, allowing researchers to leverage genetic, genome sequence and gene expression data, as well as the biological knowledge of related model organisms. The availability of resources across an order greatly facilitates comparative genomics and enhances our understanding of the biology of agriculturally important Hymenoptera species through genomics. Curated data at HGD includes predicted and annotated gene sets supported with evidence tracks such as ESTs/cDNAs, small RNA sequences and GC composition domains. Data at HGD can be queried using genome browsers and/or BLAST/PSI-BLAST servers, and it may also be downloaded to perform local searches. We encourage the public to access and contribute data to HGD at: http:// HymenopteraGenome.org.

Published
2010

2. Manual superscaffolding of honey bee (Apis mellifera) chromosomes 12?16: implications for the draft genome assembly version 4, gene annotation, and chromosome structure

Author

Hugh M. Robertson, Michel Solignac, Richa Agarwala, Christine G. Elsik, Natalia V. Milshina, Justin T. Reese, and Kimberly K. O. Walden

Subjects
Genetics, Genome, Contig, Chromosome, Sequence assembly, Genomics, Gene Annotation, Honey bee, Bees, Biology, Chromosomes, Insect Science, Centromere, Animals, Molecular Biology, Gene
Abstract

The euchromatic arms of the five smallest telocentric chromosomes in the honey bee genome draft Assembly v4 were manually connected into superscaffolds. This effort reduced chromosomes 12-16 from 30, 21, 25, 42, and 21 mapped scaffolds to five, four, five, six, and five superscaffolds, respectively, and incorporated 178 unmapped contigs and scaffolds totalling 2.6 Mb, a 6.4% increase in length. The superscaffolds extend from the genetically mapped location of the centromere to their identified distal telomeres on the long arms. Only two major misassemblies of 146 kb and 65 kb sections were identified in this 23% of the mapped assembly. Nine duplicate gene models on chromosomes 15 and 16 were made redundant, while another 15 gene models were improved, most spectacularly the MAD (MAX dimerization protein) gene which extends across 11 scaffolds for at least 400 kb.

Published
2007
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3. Community annotation: Procedures, protocols, and supporting tools: Table 1

Author

Christine G. Elsik, George M. Weinstock, C. Michael Dickens, Lan Zhang, Richard A. Gibbs, Kevin L. Childs, Anand Venkatraman, Huaiyang Jiang, Justin T. Reese, Natalia V. Milshina, and Kim C. Worley

Subjects
business.industry, Data management, Genomics, Biology, Data submission, Bioinformatics, Genome, World Wide Web, Annotation, Manual annotation, Genetics, Human genome, business, Beebase, Genetics (clinical)
Abstract

Investigators at the Baylor College of Medicine Human Genome Sequencing Center (BCM–HGSC) and BeeBase organized a community-wide effort to manually annotate the honey bee (Apis mellifera) genome. Although various strategies for manual annotation have been used in the past, the value of dispersed community annotation has not yet been demonstrated. Here we make a case for the merit of dispersed community annotation. We present annotation procedures, standard protocols, and tools used for sequence analysis, data submission, and data management. We also report lessons learned from this dispersed community annotation effort for a metazoan genome.

Published
2006
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4. Insights into social insects from the genome of the honeybee Apis mellifera

Author

George M. Weinstock, Andrew K. Jones, Katherine A Aronstein, Irene Gattermeier, Kiyoshi Kimura, Susan E. Fahrbach, Laura I. Decanini, Christina M. Grozinger, Evgeny M. Zdobnov, Susan J. Brown, Jonathan V. Sweedler, Kazutoyo Osoegawa, Christian A. Ross, Joseph J. Gillespie, Ngoc Nguyen, Geert Baggerman, Frank Hauser, Dan Graur, Michelle M. Elekonich, Alison R. Mercer, Amanda F. Svatek, Jean Marie Cornuet, Cornelis J. P. Grimmelikhuijzen, Aleksandar Milosavljevic, Anand Venkatraman, Andrew J. Schroeder, Huaiyang Jiang, Michael R. Kanost, Justin T. Reese, Margaret Morgan, Tomoko Fujiyuki, Kim C. Worley, Susanta K. Behura, Jun Kawai, Robert Kucharski, Gildardo Aquino-Perez, Miguel Corona, Diana E. Wheeler, Kathryn S. Campbell, William M. Gelbart, Amy L. Toth, Yanping Chen, Mira Cohen, Noam Kaplan, Michihira Tagami, Miguel A. Peinado, Peter K. Dearden, Glenford Savery, Liliane Schoofs, Takeo Kubo, Giuseppe Cazzamali, Sylvain Forêt, Thomas C. Newman, Ross Overbeek, Piero Carninci, Ryszard Maleszka, Barbara J. Ruef, Michal Linial, Alexandre S. Cristino, Mary A. Schuler, Huyen Dinh, J. Troy Littleton, Manoj P. Samanta, Waraporn Tongprasit, L. Sian Grametes, Eran Elhaik, Jean-Luc Imler, Zhen Zou, Rodrigo A. Velarde, Tanja Gempe, Dorothea Eisenhardt, Juan Manuel Anzola, Graham J. Thompson, Aaron J. Mackey, René Feyereisen, Mrcia M.G. Bitondi, Lora Lewis, Guy Bloch, Richard A. Gibbs, Jane Peterson, Jay D. Evans, Robert E. Page, Amanda B. Hummon, Viktor Stolc, Donna M. Muzny, Yair Shemesh, Francis M. F. Nunes, Dawn Lopez, Judith H. Willis, Martin Hasselmann, Mark S. Guyer, John G. Oakeshott, Pinglei Zhou, Eriko Kage, Dominique Vautrin, Kevin J. Hackett, Sandra L. Lee, Clay Davis, Christine Emore, Gene E. Robinson, Alexandre Souvorov, T.A. Richmond, Rachel Thorn, Jurgen Huybrechts, Elad B. Rubin, Craig Mizzen, Deborah R. Smith, Walter S. Sheppard, Takekazu Kunieda, Adam Felsenfeld, Bingshan Li, Jeffrey G. Reid, La Ronda Jackson, Jamie J. Cannone, Robin R. Gutell, Jireh Santibanez, Megan J. Wilson, David B. Sattelle, Azusa Kamikouchi, George Miner, Hideaki Takeuchi, Geoffrey Okwuonu, Jennifer Hume, Jonathan Miller, Kazuaki Ohashi, Angela Jovilet, Yoshihide Hayashizaki, Joseph Chacko, Paul Kitts, Erica Sodergren, Charles Hetru, Andrew V. Suarez, Brian P. Lazzaro, Susan E. St. Pierre, Evy Vierstraete, Haobo Jiang, Sandra Hines, Teresa D. Shippy, Greg J. Hunt, Peter Kosarev, Dan Hultmark, Stefan Albert, Susan M. Russo, Chung Li Shu, Michel Solignac, H. Michael G. Lattorff, Xu Ling, Grard Leboulle, Miklós Csürös, Neil D. Tsutsui, Lynne V. Nazareth, Ying Wang, Florence Mougel, Beverly B. Matthews, Kevin L. Childs, Rita A. Wright, Hugh M. Robertson, Lan Zhang, Peter Verleyen, Daniel B. Weaver, Christie Kovar, Chikatoshi Kai, Charles W. Whitfield, Madeline A. Crosby, Natalia V. Milshina, Reed M. Johnson, Michael A. Ewing, Peter L. Jones, Sandra L. Rodriguez-Zas, Michael B. Eisen, Klaus Hartfelder, Karl H.J. Gordon, W. Augustine Dunn, Ling Ling Pu, M. Monnerot, Stephen Richards, Richa Agarwala, Judith Hernandez, Pieter J. de Jong, Michael Williamson, Marcé D. Lorenzen, Zilá Luz Paulino Simões, Mark D. Drapeau, Donna Villasana, Katarína Bíliková, J. Spencer Johnston, David I. Schlipalius, Xuehong Wei, Laurent Duret, Venky N. Iyer, Andrew G. Clark, Christine G. Elsik, Hilary Ranson, Kyle T. Beggs, Mireia Jordà, Shiro Fukuda, Seth A. Ament, Vivek Iyer, Jozef Šimúth, Stewart H. Berlocher, May R. Berenbaum, Robin F. A. Moritz, Tatsuhiko Kadowaki, Charles Claudianos, Gro V. Amdam, Yue Liu, Naoko Sakazume, Morten Schioett, Paul Havlak, Anita M. Collins, Dirk C. de Graaf, Derek Collinge, Ivica Letunic, Carlos H. Lobo, Mizue Morioka, Martin Beye, Rachel Gill, C. Michael Dickens, Daisuke Sasaki, Victor V. Solovyev, Peer Bork, Sunita Biswas, David A. Wheeler, Heidi Paul, Bioinformatique, phylogénie et génomique évolutive (BPGE), Département PEGASE [LBBE] (PEGASE), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes et Spéciation (LEGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Physical and genetic mapping

Subjects
Male, 0106 biological sciences, Transposable element, [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], Proteome, Genome, Insect, Molecular Sequence Data, Genes, Insect, Genomics, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Genome, Article, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, Molecular evolution, Phylogenetics, Animals, Gene, Phylogeny, abeille domestique, 030304 developmental biology, Whole genome sequencing, Genetics, Base Composition, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Multidisciplinary, Behavior, Animal, Reproduction, SOCIAL BEHAVIOR, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Immunity, APIS MELLIFERA, food and beverages, Bees, Telomere, Physical Chromosome Mapping, INSECTE, Gene Expression Regulation, DNA methylation, DNA Transposable Elements, Female, GENETIQUE DES POPULATIONS, Signal Transduction
Abstract

Ce travail résulte de la collaboration de très nombreux chercheurs. Seuls les auteurs de la rubrique Physical and Genetic Mapping sont cités explicitement.; Here we report the genome sequence of the honeybee Apis mellifera, a key model for social behaviour and essential to global ecology through pollination. Compared with other sequenced insect genomes, the A. mellifera genome has high A1T and CpG contents, lacks major transposon families, evolves more slowly, and is more similar to vertebrates for circadian rhythm, RNA interference and DNA methylation genes, among others. Furthermore, A.mellifera has fewer genes for innate immunity, detoxification enzymes, cuticle-forming proteins and gustatory receptors, more genes for odorant receptors, and novel genes for nectar and pollen utilization, consistent with its ecology and social organization. Compared to Drosophila, genes in early developmental pathways differ in Apis, whereas similarities exist for functions that differ markedly, such as sex determination, brain function and behaviour. Population genetics suggests a novel African origin for the species A.mellifera and insights into whether Africanized bees spread throughout the New World via hybridization or displacement

Published
2006
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5. A comparison of whole-genome shotgun-derived mouse chromosome 16 and the human genome

Author

Richard J, Mural, Mark D, Adams, Eugene W, Myers, Hamilton O, Smith, George L Gabor, Miklos, Ron, Wides, Aaron, Halpern, Peter W, Li, Granger G, Sutton, Joe, Nadeau, Steven L, Salzberg, Robert A, Holt, Chinnappa D, Kodira, Fu, Lu, Lin, Chen, Zuoming, Deng, Carlos C, Evangelista, Weiniu, Gan, Thomas J, Heiman, Jiayin, Li, Zhenya, Li, Gennady V, Merkulov, Natalia V, Milshina, Ashwinikumar K, Naik, Rong, Qi, Bixiong Chris, Shue, Aihui, Wang, Jian, Wang, Xin, Wang, Xianghe, Yan, Jane, Ye, Shibu, Yooseph, Qi, Zhao, Liansheng, Zheng, Shiaoping C, Zhu, Kendra, Biddick, Randall, Bolanos, Arthur L, Delcher, Ian M, Dew, Daniel, Fasulo, Michael J, Flanigan, Daniel H, Huson, Saul A, Kravitz, Jason R, Miller, Clark M, Mobarry, Knut, Reinert, Karin A, Remington, Qing, Zhang, Xiangqun H, Zheng, Deborah R, Nusskern, Zhongwu, Lai, Yiding, Lei, Wenyan, Zhong, Alison, Yao, Ping, Guan, Rui-Ru, Ji, Zhiping, Gu, Zhen-Yuan, Wang, Fei, Zhong, Chunlin, Xiao, Chia-Chien, Chiang, Mark, Yandell, Jennifer R, Wortman, Peter G, Amanatides, Suzanne L, Hladun, Eric C, Pratts, Jeffery E, Johnson, Kristina L, Dodson, Kerry J, Woodford, Cheryl A, Evans, Barry, Gropman, Douglas B, Rusch, Eli, Venter, Mei, Wang, Thomas J, Smith, Jarrett T, Houck, Donald E, Tompkins, Charles, Haynes, Debbie, Jacob, Soo H, Chin, David R, Allen, Carl E, Dahlke, Robert, Sanders, Kelvin, Li, Xiangjun, Liu, Alexander A, Levitsky, William H, Majoros, Quan, Chen, Ashley C, Xia, John R, Lopez, Michael T, Donnelly, Matthew H, Newman, Anna, Glodek, Cheryl L, Kraft, Marc, Nodell, Feroze, Ali, Hui-Jin, An, Danita, Baldwin-Pitts, Karen Y, Beeson, Shuang, Cai, Mark, Carnes, Amy, Carver, Parris M, Caulk, Angela, Center, Yen-Hui, Chen, Ming-Lai, Cheng, My D, Coyne, Michelle, Crowder, Steven, Danaher, Lionel B, Davenport, Raymond, Desilets, Susanne M, Dietz, Lisa, Doup, Patrick, Dullaghan, Steven, Ferriera, Carl R, Fosler, Harold C, Gire, Andres, Gluecksmann, Jeannine D, Gocayne, Jonathan, Gray, Brit, Hart, Jason, Haynes, Jeffery, Hoover, Tim, Howland, Chinyere, Ibegwam, Mena, Jalali, David, Johns, Leslie, Kline, Daniel S, Ma, Steven, MacCawley, Anand, Magoon, Felecia, Mann, David, May, Tina C, McIntosh, Somil, Mehta, Linda, Moy, Mee C, Moy, Brian J, Murphy, Sean D, Murphy, Keith A, Nelson, Zubeda, Nuri, Kimberly A, Parker, Alexandre C, Prudhomme, Vinita N, Puri, Hina, Qureshi, John C, Raley, Matthew S, Reardon, Megan A, Regier, Yu-Hui C, Rogers, Deanna L, Romblad, Jakob, Schutz, John L, Scott, Richard, Scott, Cynthia D, Sitter, Michella, Smallwood, Arlan C, Sprague, Erin, Stewart, Renee V, Strong, Ellen, Suh, Karena, Sylvester, Reginald, Thomas, Ni Ni, Tint, Christopher, Tsonis, Gary, Wang, George, Wang, Monica S, Williams, Sherita M, Williams, Sandra M, Windsor, Keriellen, Wolfe, Mitchell M, Wu, Jayshree, Zaveri, Kabir, Chaturvedi, Andrei E, Gabrielian, Zhaoxi, Ke, Jingtao, Sun, Gangadharan, Subramanian, J Craig, Venter, Cynthia M, Pfannkoch, Mary, Barnstead, and Lisa D, Stephenson

Subjects
Genetic Markers, Genome evolution, Mice, Inbred A, Molecular Sequence Data, Genomics, Mice, Inbred Strains, Biology, Genome, Synteny, Chromosomes, Evolution, Molecular, Mice, Species Specificity, Gene density, Animals, Chromosomes, Human, Humans, Conserved Sequence, Genetics, Base Composition, Multidisciplinary, Shotgun sequencing, Genome, Human, Computational Biology, Proteins, Genome project, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Physical Chromosome Mapping, Genes, Mice, Inbred DBA, Human genome, Databases, Nucleic Acid, Sequence Alignment, Reference genome
Abstract

The high degree of similarity between the mouse and human genomes is demonstrated through analysis of the sequence of mouse chromosome 16 (Mmu 16), which was obtained as part of a whole-genome shotgun assembly of the mouse genome. The mouse genome is about 10% smaller than the human genome, owing to a lower repetitive DNA content. Comparison of the structure and protein-coding potential of Mmu 16 with that of the homologous segments of the human genome identifies regions of conserved synteny with human chromosomes (Hsa) 3, 8, 12, 16, 21, and 22. Gene content and order are highly conserved between Mmu 16 and the syntenic blocks of the human genome. Of the 731 predicted genes on Mmu 16, 509 align with orthologs on the corresponding portions of the human genome, 44 are likely paralogous to these genes, and 164 genes have homologs elsewhere in the human genome; there are 14 genes for which we could find no human counterpart.

Published
2002

6. The genome sequence of Drosophila melanogaster

Author

Mark D. Adams, Susan E. Celniker, Robert A. Holt, Cheryl A. Evans, Jeannine D. Gocayne, Peter G. Amanatides, Steven E. Scherer, Peter W. Li, Roger A. Hoskins, Richard F. Galle, Reed A. George, Suzanna E. Lewis, Stephen Richards, Michael Ashburner, Scott N. Henderson, Granger G. Sutton, Jennifer R. Wortman, Mark D. Yandell, Qing Zhang, Lin X. Chen, Rhonda C. Brandon, Yu-Hui C. Rogers, Robert G. Blazej, Mark Champe, Barret D. Pfeiffer, Kenneth H. Wan, Clare Doyle, Evan G. Baxter, Gregg Helt, Catherine R. Nelson, George L. Gabor, null Miklos, Josep F. Abril, Anna Agbayani, Hui-Jin An, Cynthia Andrews-Pfannkoch, Danita Baldwin, Richard M. Ballew, Anand Basu, James Baxendale, Leyla Bayraktaroglu, Ellen M. Beasley, Karen Y. Beeson, P. V. Benos, Benjamin P. Berman, Deepali Bhandari, Slava Bolshakov, Dana Borkova, Michael R. Botchan, John Bouck, Peter Brokstein, Phillipe Brottier, Kenneth C. Burtis, Dana A. Busam, Heather Butler, Edouard Cadieu, Angela Center, Ishwar Chandra, J. Michael Cherry, Simon Cawley, Carl Dahlke, Lionel B. Davenport, Peter Davies, Beatriz de Pablos, Arthur Delcher, Zuoming Deng, Anne Deslattes Mays, Ian Dew, Suzanne M. Dietz, Kristina Dodson, Lisa E. Doup, Michael Downes, Shannon Dugan-Rocha, Boris C. Dunkov, Patrick Dunn, Kenneth J. Durbin, Carlos C. Evangelista, Concepcion Ferraz, Steven Ferriera, Wolfgang Fleischmann, Carl Fosler, Andrei E. Gabrielian, Neha S. Garg, William M. Gelbart, Ken Glasser, Anna Glodek, Fangcheng Gong, J. Harley Gorrell, Zhiping Gu, Ping Guan, Michael Harris, Nomi L. Harris, Damon Harvey, Thomas J. Heiman, Judith R. Hernandez, Jarrett Houck, Damon Hostin, Kathryn A. Houston, Timothy J. Howland, Ming-Hui Wei, Chinyere Ibegwam, Mena Jalali, Francis Kalush, Gary H. Karpen, Zhaoxi Ke, James A. Kennison, Karen A. Ketchum, Bruce E. Kimmel, Chinnappa D. Kodira, Cheryl Kraft, Saul Kravitz, David Kulp, Zhongwu Lai, Paul Lasko, Yiding Lei, Alexander A. Levitsky, Jiayin Li, Zhenya Li, Yong Liang, Xiaoying Lin, Xiangjun Liu, Bettina Mattei, Tina C. McIntosh, Michael P. McLeod, Duncan McPherson, Gennady Merkulov, Natalia V. Milshina, Clark Mobarry, Joe Morris, Ali Moshrefi, Stephen M. Mount, Mee Moy, Brian Murphy, Lee Murphy, Donna M. Muzny, David L. Nelson, David R. Nelson, Keith A. Nelson, Katherine Nixon, Deborah R. Nusskern, Joanne M. Pacleb, Michael Palazzolo, Gjange S. Pittman, Sue Pan, John Pollard, Vinita Puri, Martin G. Reese, Knut Reinert, Karin Remington, Robert D. C. Saunders, Frederick Scheeler, Hua Shen, Bixiang Christopher Shue, Inga Sidén-Kiamos, Michael Simpson, Marian P. Skupski, Tom Smith, Eugene Spier, Allan C. Spradling, Mark Stapleton, Renee Strong, Eric Sun, Robert Svirskas, Cyndee Tector, Russell Turner, Eli Venter, Aihui H. Wang, Xin Wang, Zhen-Yuan Wang, David A. Wassarman, George M. Weinstock, Jean Weissenbach, Sherita M. Williams, Trevor Woodage, Kim C. Worley, David Wu, Song Yang, Q. Alison Yao, Jane Ye, Ru-Fang Yeh, Jayshree S. Zaveri, Ming Zhan, Guangren Zhang, Qi Zhao, Liansheng Zheng, Xiangqun H. Zheng, Fei N. Zhong, Wenyan Zhong, Xiaojun Zhou, Shiaoping Zhu, Xiaohong Zhu, Hamilton O. Smith, Richard A. Gibbs, Eugene W. Myers, Gerald M. Rubin, and J. Craig Venter

Subjects
DNA Replication, Genome evolution, DNA Repair, Transcription, Genetic, Genes, Insect, Computational biology, Biology, Genome, Euchromatin, Contig Mapping, Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System, Gene density, Heterochromatin, Animals, Cloning, Molecular, Genome size, Gene Library, Whole genome sequencing, Genetics, Bacterial artificial chromosome, Multidisciplinary, Shotgun sequencing, Computational Biology, Nuclear Proteins, Biological Transport, Genome project, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Chromatin, Drosophila melanogaster, Protein Biosynthesis, Insect Proteins
Abstract

The fly Drosophila melanogaster is one of the most intensively studied organisms in biology and serves as a model system for the investigation of many developmental and cellular processes common to higher eukaryotes, including humans. We have determined the nucleotide sequence of nearly all of the ∼120-megabase euchromatic portion of the Drosophila genome using a whole-genome shotgun sequencing strategy supported by extensive clone-based sequence and a high-quality bacterial artificial chromosome physical map. Efforts are under way to close the remaining gaps; however, the sequence is of sufficient accuracy and contiguity to be declared substantially complete and to support an initial analysis of genome structure and preliminary gene annotation and interpretation. The genome encodes ∼13,600 genes, somewhat fewer than the smaller Caenorhabditis elegans genome, but with comparable functional diversity.

Published
2000

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