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Mitochondrial genomes of two individuals of Tachanovsky’s gudgeon Ladislavia taczanowskii have been determined on the basis of Sanger dideoxy sequencing. The gene compositions of two genomes contain 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and 1 control region with the same length 16,614 bp. The phylogenetic tree reveals that the monotypic genus Ladislavia is a sister group of the subfamily Gobioninae within the family Gobionidae.

International audience; The interrelationships among mugilids (Mugiliformes: Mugilidae) remain highly debated. Using a mitochondrial gene-based phylogeny as criterion, a revised classification with 25 genera in the Mugilidae has recently been proposed. However, phylogenetic relationships of major mitochondrial lineages remain unresolved and to gain a general acceptance the classification requires confirmation based on multilocus evidence and diagnostic morphological characters. Here, we construct a species-tree using twelve nuclear and three mitochondrial loci and infer the evolution of 71 morphological characters. Our multilocus phylogeny does not agree with previous morphology-based hypotheses for the relationships within Mugilidae, confirms the revised classification with 25 genera and further resolves their phylogenetic relationships. Using the well-resolved multilocus phylogeny as the criterion, we reclassify Mugilidae genera into three new subfamilies (Myxinae, Rhinomugilinae, and Cheloninae) and one new, recombined, subfamily (Mugilinae). The Rhinomugilinae subfamily is further divided into four tribes. The revised classification of Mugilidae is supported by morpho-anatomical synapomorphies or a combination of characters. These characters are used to erect a key to the subfamilies and genera.

In this study, we determined complete mitochondrial genomes of Saurogobio gracilicaudatus, S. xiangjiangensis, S. gymnocheilus, and S. lissilabris so that these data could contribute to reconstruct interspecific phylogenetic relationships within the genus Saurogobio. The four mitochondrial genomes showed A + T bias (55.2–57.0%) of base compositions with the length from 16,594 to 16,608 bp. Phylogenetic relationships among Saurogobio fishes and their close relatives showed that the genus Saurogobio was a monophyletic group and it could be divided into two major groups.

Freshwater fishes in the genus Paraleucogobio include two species, Paraleucogobio notacanthus and Paraleucogobio strigatus. In this study, we determined complete mitochondrial genomes of P. notacan...

Freshwater fishes of the subfamily Gobioninae (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) are composed of three major clades, the tribes Gobionini and Sarcocheilichthyini, and a Hemibarbus–Squalidus group. In this study, we determined ten complete fish mitogenomes from eight of all twelve genera in the tribe Gobionini. The ten mitogenomes displayed similar patterns in gene arrangements, codon use and gene overlaps with the length of 16,605–16,617 bp and base compositions slightly A + T bias of 56.1–58.0%. Our phylogeny of the tribe Gobionini revealed that the genera Gobio, Xenophysogobio, Gobiobotia, Saurogobio and Pseudogobio were monophyletic, and other genera Abbottina, Biwia, Microphysogobio and Platysmacheilus were paraphyletic or polyphyletic. The findings indicate that the genera classifications of Gobionini are needed to be further confirmed.

A group of small and transparent Asian noodlefishes (Osmeriformes: Salangidae) are commercially important fishery species, however, interrelationships among these fishes remain unresolved in previous studies using mitochondrial markers. We re-examine phylogenetic relationships of Salangidae by including complete taxon sampling, based on seven nuclear loci and one mitochondrial gene using a multilocus coalescence-based species-tree method. Our results show a well-resolved phylogeny of Salangidae that does not agree with previous hypotheses. The topology test suggests that our hypothesis represents the most likely phylogeny. Using the inferred species-tree as criterion, we recombine the rank of subfamilies and genera in the Salangidae, and erect a new genus Neosalangichthys. Our revised classification of Salangidae is well supported by reinterpreting previously proposed diagnostic characters. Finally, re-defined synapomorphic characters are used to erect a key to the genera of Salangidae.

Members of Candidia, Nipponcrysis, Parazacco, Opsariichthys, and Zacco are a group of East Asian freshwater fishes, and these five genera form a monophyletic group within the subfamily Oxygastrinae (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae). In this study, we first determined complete mitogenomes of Candidia pingtungensis, Opsariichthys acutipinnis, O. chengtui, and Zacco acanthogenys. The four mitogenomes with the length of 16 611-16 615 bp displayed the same patterns in gene arrangements and the use of start and stop codons for protein-coding genes. Our phylogeny divided Candidia, Nipponcrysis, Parazacco, Opsariichthys, and Zacco into two major groups that the former three genera consisted of a group and the latter two genera formed another group. The phylogeny also revealed that C. pingtungensis was nested within Nipponcrysis. Our findings indicate that the taxonomy status of Candidia and Nipponcrysis is still needed to be confirmed.

We used partial DNA sequences of cytochrome b and 16S mitochondrial genes to determine the phylogenetic placement of salangid fishes and the generic relationships within the salangids. Our molecular data strongly support the monophyly of salangid fishes, the inclusion of salangids in the Osmeridae, and the sister group relationship between salangids and osmerids. Our analyses suggest that Plecoglossus can be separated from all the other salangids and osmerids. Mallotus and Hypomesus are clustered within Osmerinae, rather than allied with Salanginae. As regards the relationships within the salangids, our analyses are incongruent with all previous classification hypotheses. Our phylogenetic analyses support the sister group relationships between Protosalanx and Neosalanx, and between Salanx and Hemisalanx. More evidences show that Leucosoma is more closely related to the Salanx-Hemisalanx clade, while Salangichthys forms part of an unresolved basal polytomy.

The first complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Rana sensu stricto (sensu Frost, 2013) was determined using Rana kunyuensis as a representative species. The mitogenome was 22,255 bp in length, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and duplicated control regions. The mitogenome of R. kunyuensis showed novel gene order arrangement with a translocation of tRNALeu(CUN) and ND5 in comparison with published anuran mitogenomes to date. This mitogenome should contribute to understand the evolution of anuran mitochondrial gene order arrangements.

Rhynchocypris lagowskii sensu lato (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) has been revealed as a species complex including two species, i.e. R. lagowskii sensu stricto and a cryptic species R. cf. lagowskii. We determined the first complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of R. cf. lagowskii by comparing with a published mitogenome of R. lagowskii sensu stricto. The two species displayed similar pattern of mitochondrial gene arrangements and similar base compositions of the heavy strain with a bias in the A + T content. There were the nucleotide sequence similarity of 91.8% for mitogenomes and pairwise p-distance of 6.9% for COI genes between R. cf. lagowskii and R. lagowskii sensu stricto and these results supported the two species as different species.

The taxonomy and systematics of Phoxinus (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) is still not well-resolved. In this study, we determined the first complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Phoxinus tumensis. The mitogenome was 17,050 bp in length, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and 1 control region. All genes were encoded on the heavy strain except for ND6 and eight tRNA genes. The overall base composition of the heavy strain was 27.9% for A, 25.5% for C, 28.4% for T and 18.2% for G. The control region was revealed to contain tandem repeats. The mitogenome data of P. tumensis should contribute to clarify the systematics of Phoxinus fishes.

The first complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Plesiopidae (Teleostei: Perciformes) was determined using the Eastern hulafish Trachinops taeniatus as a representative species of the family. The mitogenome was 16,821 bp in length, including 13 typical vertebrate protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and 1 control region. The gene arrangement was similar to other fishes except for the reversal position of tRNAAla and tRNAAsn. The overall base composition was 27.4% for A, 27.5% for C, 27.4% for T and 17.7% for G. This mitogenome should contribute to resolving phylogenetic position of Plesiopidae.

We first determined complete mitochondrial genomes of Rana dybowskii and Rana cf. chensinensis (Anura: Ranidae). The mitogenomic lengths of R. dybowskii and R. cf. chensinensis were 18,864 and 18,808 bp, respectively. The two mitogenomes have similar gene compositions including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes and a control region. Rana dybowskii and R. cf. chensinensis mitogenomes displayed same gene order arrangements and similar base compositions with an A + T bias. Mitogenomic data of the two species contributed to provide molecular marker for their conservative genetics and clarified their phylogenetic position under mitogenome-based phylogeny of the genus Rana.

The first complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Cerithioidea (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda) was determined using a freshwater snail Semisulcospira libertina (Cerithioidea: Semisulcospiridae) as a representative species of the superfamily. The mitogenome was 15,432 bp in length, including 13 typical invertebrate protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and 2 ribosomal RNA genes. The overall base composition was 31.4% for A, 17.8% for C, 34.8% for T and 16.0% for G with a A + T bias. The mitogenome of S. libertina displayed novel gene order arrangement compared with published Caenogastropoda mitogenomes to date. This mitogenome contributed in resolving phylogenetic position and interrelationships of Cerithioidea.

This study examines phylogenetic placement of the enigmatic Western Australian Lepidogalaxias, and extends previous studies by including eight new taxa to enable re-examination phylogenetic relationships of lower euteleostean fishes at the ordinal level, based on mitochondrial genomes from 39 ingroup taxa and 17 outgroups. Our results suggest that Lepidogalaxias occupies a basal position among all euteleosts, in contrast with earlier hypotheses that variously suggested a closer relationship to esocid fishes, or to the galaxiid Lovettia. In addition our evidence shows that Osmeriformes should be restricted Retropinnidae, Osmeridae, Plecoglossidae and Salangidae. This reduced Osmeriformes is supported in our results as the sister group of Stomiiformes. Galaxiidae, which is often closely linked to Osmeriformes, emerges as sister group of a combined Osmeriformes, Stomiiformes, Salmoniformes, Esociformes and Argentiformes, and we give Galaxiiformes the rank of order to include all remaining galaxioid fishes (Galaxias and allied taxa, Aplochiton and Lovettia). Our results also support a sister group relationship between Salmoniformes and Esociformes, which are together the sister group of Argentiniformes.

Phylogenetic placement of Pseudorasbora elongate remains unresolved. We determined the first complete mitochondrial genome of P. elongate that its mitogenome data should contribute to clarify the systematics of Pseudorasbora fishes. The mitogenome was 16,607 bp in length, including 13 typical protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and 1 control region. The overall base composition of the heavy strain was 31.1% for A, 24.8% for C, 28.2% for T and 15.9% for G, with the A + T bias of 59.3%.

The first complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Opistognathidae (Teleostei: Perciformes) has been determined using the Southern Smiler, Opistognathus jacksoniensis, as a representative species of the family. This mitogenome was 16,650 bp in length, including 13 typical vertebrate protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and 1 control region. All genes were encoded on the heavy strain except for ND6 and eight tRNA genes. The overall base composition of the heavy strain was 27.4% for A, 30.2% for C, 25.7% for T and 16.7% for G. The mitogenome data of O. jacksoniensis should contribute to clarify phylogenetic position of Opistognathidae under mitogenome-based phylogenetic reconstruction of perciform fishes.