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1. Generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus: Clinical and genetic analysis of three Serbian families

Author

Ristić Aleksandar J., Janković Slavko, Annesi Grazzia, Carrideo Sara, Annesi Ferdinanda, Gambardella Antonio, Maksimović Goran, Gnjatović Brankica, Petrović Igor, Vojvodić Nikola, and Sokić Dragoslav

Subjects
genetics, inherited epilepsy, generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+), Serbian population, Medicine
Abstract

The results of clinical and genetic analysis of three Serbian families (pedigrees) with autosomal dominant inheritance, incomplete penetrance and phenotypic features of GEFS+ are presented in this study. Mutation analysis of the SCN1A, SCN1B and GABRG2 genes was performed in all affected and some unaffected members of these three families. Twentysix exons of SCN1A, five exons of SCN1B and nine exons of GABRG2 were individually amplified using primers based on intronic sequence. PCR products were sequenced in both forward and reverse directions. Subsequently, the samples were run and analyzed using 377 DNA automated sequencer. No consanguinity was noticed. The MM and OM family members live in Republic of Srpska while KS family originates from the central Serbia. No mutations of the exons of SCN1A, SCN1B and GABRG2 genes were found in tested subjects. Obligate carriers in MM family (III-1, III-2, and III-4) exhibit variable expressivity or incomplete penetrance rather than proof of polygenetic inheritance. OM pedigree follows autosomal dominant pattern despite reduced penetrance. Bilinear transmission may assume the possibility of multigenetic mode of inheritance in KS family. The fact that all affected members in three Serbian families were negative for mutations in SCN1A, SCN1B and GABRG2 genes strongly supports the hypothesis of significant genetic heterogeneity of GEFS+. Recognizing GEFS+ on clinical grounds contributes to more precise integration of this syndrome into already existing classification of epileptic syndromes.

Published
2005
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2. Association of LRRK2 exonic variants with susceptibility to Parkinson's disease: a case-control study

Author

Ross, Owen A, Soto-Ortolaza, Alexandra I, Brighina, Laura, Riess, Olaf, Klein, Christine, Djarmati, Ana, Hagenah, Johann, Lohmann, Katja, van de Loo, Simone, Abahuni, Nadine, Gispert-Sánchez, Suzana, Hilker, Rüdiger, Auburger, Georg, Van Broeckhoven, Christine, Xiromerisiou, Georgia, Tsimourtou, Vaia, Ralli, Styliani, Kountra, Persa, Markou, Katerina, Patramani, Gianna, Vogiatzi, Christina, Lynch, Tim, Gibson, J Mark, Craig, Dr David, Carr, Jonathan, Valente, Enza Maria, Ferraris, Alessandro, Bentivoglio, Anna Rita, Ialongo, Tamara, Guidubaldi, Arianna, Piano, Carla, Ferrarese, Carlo, Tarantino, Patrizia, Annesi, Ferdinanda, Chartier-Harlin, Marie-Christine, Annesi, Grazia, Quattrone, Aldo, Hattori, Nobutaka, Tomiyama, Hiroyuki, Funayama, Manabu, Yoshino, Hiroyo, Li, Yuanzhe, Imamichi, Yoko, Toda, Tatsushi, Satake, Wataru, Dardiotis, Efthimios, Aasly, J., Opala, Grzegorz, Jasinska-Myga, Barbara, Boczarska-Jedynak, Magdalena, Tan, Eng King, Bardien, Soraya, Jeon, Beom Seok, Park, Sung Sup, Kim, Yun Joong, Dickson, Dennis W, Sohn, Young Ho, Belin, Andrea Carmine, Olson, Lars, Galter, Dagmar, Westerlund, Marie, Sydow, Olof, Pedersen, Nancy L, Wirdefeldt, Karin, Nilsson, Christer, Puschmann, Andreas, Diehl, Nancy N, Wu, Ruey-Meei, Maraganore, Demetrius M, Ahlskog, Eric, de Andrade, Mariza, Lesnick, Timothy G, Rocca, Walter A, Checkoway, Harvey, Farrer, M., Elbaz, Alexis, Heckman, Michael G, Fiske, Brian, Gibson, Rachel, Hadjigeorgiou, Georgios M, Ioannidis, John P A, Jeon, Beom S, Aasly, Jan O, Kruger, Rejko, Kyratzi, Elli, Lesage, Suzanne, Lin, Chin-Hsien, Lynch, Timothy, Mellick, George D, Mutez, Eugénie, Sharma, Manu, Silburn, Peter A, Stefanis, Leonidas, Tadic, Vera, Theuns, Jessie, Uitti, Ryan J, Vassilatis, Demetrios K, Vilariño-Güell, Carles, White, Linda R, Wszolek, Zbigniew K, Farrer, Matthew J, Bacon, Justin A, Disease, Genetic Epidemiology Of Parkinson's, Sutherland, G. T., Siebert, G. A., Nuytemans, Karen, Meeus, Bram, Crosiers, David, Pickut, Barbara, Engelborghs, Sebastiaan, De Deyn, Peter P, Cras, Patrick, Rogaeve, Ekaterina, Destée, A., Agid, Y., Anheim, M., Bonnet, A-M, Borg, M., Bozi, Maria, Brice, A., Broussolle, E., Corvol, J. C., Damier, P., Dürr, A., Durif, F., Lesage, S., Lohmann, E., Pollak, P., Brice, Alexis, Rascol, O., Tison, F., Tranchant, C., Viallet, F., Vidailhet, M., Gasser, Thomas, Krüger, Rejko, Berg, Daniela, Schulte, Claudia, Ross, O, Soto Ortolaza, A, Heckman, M, Aasly, J, Abahuni, N, Annesi, G, Bacon, J, Bardien, S, Bozi, M, Brice, A, Brighina, L, Van Broeckhoven, C, Carr, J, Chartier Harlin, M, Dardiotis, E, Dickson, D, Diehl, N, Elbaz, A, Ferrarese, C, Ferraris, A, Fiske, B, Gibson, J, Gibson, R, Hadjigeorgiou, G, Hattori, N, Ioannidis, J, Jasinska Myga, B, Jeon, B, Kim, Y, Klein, C, Kruger, R, Kyratzi, E, Lesage, S, Lin, C, Lynch, T, Maraganore, D, Mellick, G, Mutez, E, Nilsson, C, Opala, G, Park, S, Puschmann, A, Quattrone, A, Sharma, M, Silburn, P, Sohn, Y, Stefanis, L, Tadic, V, Theuns, J, Tomiyama, H, Uitti, R, Valente, E, van de Loo, S, Vassilatis, D, Vilariño Güell, C, White, L, Wirdefeldt, K, Wszolek, Z, Wu, R, Farrer, M, Engelborghs, Sebastiaan, De Deyn, Peter Paul, Cras, Patrick, Genetic Epidemiology Of Parkinson's Disease (GEO-PD) Consortium, Pathologic Biochemistry and Physiology, and Pollak, Pierre

Subjects
Male, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/*genetics, International Cooperation, Ethnic Groups/genetics, Ethnic Group, Genome-wide association study, Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinase, methods [Genome-Wide Association Study], genetics [Ethnic Groups], 0302 clinical medicine, Gene Frequency, genetics [Parkinson Disease], Risk Factors, Exons/genetics, Ethnicity, Parkinson Disease/genetics, Medicine(all), Genetics, Aged, 80 and over, 0303 health sciences, Parkinson Disease, Exons, genetics [Exons], Middle Aged, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics, Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases, LRRK2, 3. Good health, genetics [Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide], Genome-Wide Association Study/methods, Female, Case-Control Studie, Human, Adult, Parkinson Disease/*genetics, Genotype, Adolescent, Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*genetics, Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics, Exon, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Biology, Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2, genetics [Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases], Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, ddc:610, LRRK2 protein, human, Risk factor, Allele frequency, 030304 developmental biology, Aged, Risk Factor, Case-control study, Exons/*genetics, Odds ratio, nervous system diseases, ddc:616.8, Minor allele frequency, Genetic epidemiology, Case-Control Studies, Neurology (clinical), Human medicine, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Background The leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 gene (LRRK2) harbours highly penetrant mutations that are linked to familial parkinsonism. However, the extent of its polymorphic variability in relation to risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) has not been assessed systematically. We therefore assessed the frequency of LRRK2 exonic variants in individuals with and without PD, to investigate the role of the variants in PD susceptibility. METHODS: LRRK2 was genotyped in patients with PD and controls from three series (white, Asian, and Arab-Berber) from sites participating in the Genetic Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease Consortium. Genotyping was done for exonic variants of LRRK2 that were identified through searches of literature and the personal communications of consortium members. Associations with PD were assessed by use of logistic regression models. For variants that had a minor allele frequency of 0.5% or greater, single variant associations were assessed, whereas for rarer variants information was collapsed across variants. FINDINGS: 121 exonic LRRK2 variants were assessed in 15 540 individuals: 6995 white patients with PD and 5595 controls, 1376 Asian patients and 962 controls, and 240 Arab-Berber patients and 372 controls. After exclusion of carriers of known pathogenic mutations, new independent risk associations were identified for polymorphic variants in white individuals (M1646T, odds ratio 1.43, 95% CI 1.15-1.78; p=0.0012) and Asian individuals (A419V, 2.27, 1.35-3.83; p=0.0011). A protective haplotype (N551K-R1398H-K1423K) was noted at a frequency greater than 5% in the white and Asian series, with a similar finding in the Arab-Berber series (combined odds ratio 0.82, 0.72-0.94; p=0.0043). Of the two previously reported Asian risk variants, G2385R was associated with disease (1.73, 1.20-2.49; p=0.0026), but no association was noted for R1628P (0.62, 0.36-1.07; p=0.087). In the Arab-Berber series, Y2189C showed potential evidence of risk association with PD (4.48, 1.33-15.09; p=0.012). INTERPRETATION: The results for LRRK2 show that several rare and common genetic variants in the same gene can have independent effects on disease risk. LRRK2, and the pathway in which it functions, is important in the cause and pathogenesis of PD in a greater proportion of patients with this disease than previously believed. These results will help discriminate those patients who will benefit most from therapies targeted at LRRK2 pathogenic activity. FUNDING: Michael J Fox Foundation and National Institutes of Health. Lancet Neurol

Published
2011

3. Independent and joint effects of the MAPT and SNCA genes in Parkinson disease

Author

Elbaz, Alexis, Ross, Owen A, Destée, Alain, Ferrarese, Carlo, Ferraris, Alessandro, Gibson, J Mark, Gispert, Suzana, Hadjigeorgiou, Georgios M, Jasinska-Myga, Barbara, Klein, Christine, Krüger, Rejko, Lambert, Jean-Charles, Ioannidis, John P A, Lohmann, Katja, van de Loo, Simone, Loriot, Marie-Anne, Lynch, Timothy, Mellick, George D, Mutez, Eugénie, Nilsson, Christer, Opala, Grzegorz, Puschmann, Andreas, Quattrone, Aldo, Soto-Ortolaza, Alexandra I, Sharma, Manu, Silburn, Peter A, Stefanis, Leonidas, Uitti, Ryan J, Valente, Enza Maria, Vilariño-Güell, Carles, Wirdefeldt, Karin, Wszolek, Zbigniew K, Xiromerisiou, Georgia, Maraganore, Demetrius M, Moisan, Frédéric, Farrer, Matthew J, Disease, Genetic Epidemiology of Parkinson's, Amouyel, Philippe, Tzourio, Christophe, Mulot, Claire, Bacon, Justin A, Cobb, Stephanie A, Sutherland, Greg T, Siebert, Gerhard A, Dissanayaka, Nadeeka, Aasly, Jan, O'Sullivan, John D, Boyle, Richard S, Pasquier, Florence, Bordet, Régis, Legendre, Jean-Philippe, Auburger, Georg, Hilker, Rüdiger, Abahuni, Nadine, Geisen, Christof, Winkler, Susen, Annesi, Grazia, Gasser, Thomas, Riess, Olaf, Berg, Daniela, Schulte, Claudia, Vassilatis, Demitris, Stamboulis, Eleftherios, Dardiotis, Efthimios, Patramani, Ioanna, Kountra, Persa-Maria, Vogiatzi, Christina, Bozi, Maria, Markou, Katerina, Tarantino, Patrizia, Annesi, Ferdinanda, Bentivoglio, Anna Rita, Guidubaldi, Arianna, Caccialupi, Matilde, De Nigris, Francesca, Riva, Chiara, Pedersen, Nancy L, Nilsson, Karin, Brighina, Laura, Reimer, Jan, Van Gerpen, Jay, Lash, Jennifer, Searcy, Jill, Strongosky, Audrey, Chartier-Harlin, Marie-Christine, Elbaz, A, Ross, O, Ioannidis, J, Soto Ortolaza, A, Moisan, F, Aasly, J, Annesi, G, Bozi, M, Brighina, L, Chartier Harlin, M, Destée, A, Ferrarese, C, Ferraris, A, Gibson, J, Gispert, S, Hadjigeorgiou, G, Jasinska Myga, B, Klein, C, Krüger, R, Lambert, J, Lohmann, K, van de Loo, S, Loriot, M, Lynch, T, Mellick, G, Mutez, E, Nilsson, C, Opala, G, Puschmann, A, Quattrone, A, Sharma, M, Silburn, P, Stefanis, L, Uitti, R, Valente, E, Vilariño Güell, C, Wirdefeldt, K, Wszolek, Z, Xiromerisiou, G, Maraganore, D, and Farrer, M

Subjects
Adult, Male, Parkinson Disease/*genetics, Logistic Model, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/*genetics, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Genome-wide association study, MAPT protein, human, tau Proteins, Biology, alpha-Synuclein/*genetics, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Article, Gene interaction, genetics [Parkinson Disease], Retrospective Studie, Genotype, Odds Ratio, SNP, Humans, genetics, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, ddc:610, SNCA protein, human, Age of Onset, Retrospective Studies, Aged, Genetics, Aged, 80 and over, Haplotype, tau Protein, Parkinson Disease, Middle Aged, genetics [tau Proteins], Settore MED/26 - NEUROLOGIA, Logistic Models, Neurology, Genetic epidemiology, Case-Control Studies, Multiple comparisons problem, genetics [Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide], genetics [alpha-Synuclein], alpha-Synuclein, Female, Neurology (clinical), tau Proteins/*genetics, Case-Control Studie, Human
Abstract

Objective: We studied the independent and joint effects of the genes encoding alpha-synuclein (SNCA) and microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) in Parkinson disease (PD) as part of a large meta-analysis of individual data from case-control studies participating in the Genetic Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease (GEO-PD) consortium. Methods: Participants of Caucasian ancestry were genotyped for a total of 4 SNCA (rs2583988, rs181489, rs356219, rs11931074) and 2 MAPT (rs1052553, rs242557) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs). Individual and joint effects of SNCA and MAPT SNPs were investigated using fixed- and random-effects logistic regression models. Interactions were studied on both a multiplicative and an additive scale, and using a case-control and case-only approach. Results: Fifteen GEO-PD sites contributed a total of 5,302 cases and 4,161 controls. All 4 SNCA SNPs and the MAPT H1-haplotype-defining SNP (rs1052553) displayed a highly significant marginal association with PD at the significance level adjusted for multiple comparisons. For SNCA, the strongest associations were observed for SNPs located at the 30 end of the gene. There was no evidence of statistical interaction between any of the 4 SNCA SNPs and rs1052553 or rs242557, neither on the multiplicative nor on the additive scale. Interpretation: This study confirms the association between PD and both SNCA SNPs and the H1 MAPT haplotype. It shows, based on a variety of approaches, that the joint action of variants in these 2 loci is consistent with independent effects of the genes without additional interacting effects. ANN NEUROL 2011; 69: 778-792

Published
2011

4. Mutational Analysis of EFHC1 Gene in Italian Families with Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy.

Author

Annesi, Ferdinanda, Gambardella, Antonio, Michelucci, Roberto, Bianchi, Amedeo, Marini, Carla, Canevini, Maria Paola, Capovilla, Giuseppe, Elia, Maurizio, Buti, Daniela, Chifari, Rosanna, Striano, Pasquale, Rocca, Francesca E., Castellotti, Barbara, Cali, Francesco, Labate, Angelo, LePiane, Emilio, Besana, Dante, Sofia, Vito, Tabiadon, Giulietta, and Tortorella, Gaetano

Subjects
*GENETIC mutation, *POPULATION genetics, *EPILEPSY, *DEVELOPMENTAL disabilities, *ITALIANS
Abstract

Objectives: Mutations in the EFHC1 gene have been reported in six juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) families from Mexico and Belize. In this study, we screened 27 unrelated JME Italian families for mutations in the EFHC1 gene. Materials and Methods: Twenty-seven families (86 affected individuals, 52 women) with at least two affected members with JME were selected. DNA was isolated from peripheral blood lymphocytes by standard methods and each exon of the EFHC1 gene was amplified and sequenced using intronic primers. Results: Two heterozygous mutations were identified in three unrelated families. One (R353 W) was a novel missense mutation, while the F229 L mutation was previously described (say which on of the two occurred in two families). Both mutations cosegregated with the disease. In a fourth family, the variant 545G→A (resulting in the amino acid substitution R182 H) cosegregated with JME. Conclusions: The results of our study extend the distribution of EFHC1 mutations to the white population and confirm the high level of genetic heterogeneity associated with JME. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007
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5. Electroclinical Features of a Family with Simple Febrile Seizures and Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Associated with SCN1A Loss-of-Function Mutation.

Author

Colosimo, Eleonora, Gambardella, Antonio, Mantegazza, Massimo, Labate, Angelo, Rusconi, Raffaela, Schiavon, Emanuele, Annesi, Ferdinanda, Cassulini, Rita R., Carrideo, Sara, Chifari, Rosanna, Canevini, Maria Paola, Canger, Raffaele, Franceschetti, Silvana, Annesi, Grazia, Wanke, Enzo, and Quattrone, Aldo

Subjects
FEBRILE seizures, GENETIC mutation, EPILEPSY, DEVELOPMENTAL disabilities, CEREBRAL cortex
Abstract

Purpose: To report in detail the electroclinical features of a large family in which we recently identified a missense mutation (M145T) of a well-conserved amino acid in the first transmembrane segment of domain I of the human SCN1A. We showed that the mutation is associated with a loss of SCN1A function. Methods: The family originates from southern Italy and contains 35 members spread over four generations. Of the 14 affected individuals, the 13 still living members (7 males, mean age 36.6 ± 20.4) underwent a complete electroclinical evaluation. Results: All 13 affected family members had febrile seizures (FS) up to the age of 6 years. Age at onset of FS ranged from 5 to 45 months with a mean age of 12.8 ± 12.9 months. One of the 13 was affected by post-traumatic epilepsy. Three of the 13 later developed temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) with both simple focal seizures, and also very rare focal complex or nocturnal secondary generalized tonic–clonic seizures. In two of the three patients who later developed TLE, the MRI studies revealed mesial temporal sclerosis. Conclusions: Our findings illustrate that SCN1A mutations can cause simple FS associated with TLE, which differ from the characteristic clinical spectrum of GEFS+. It is open to conjecture if this unusual phenotype might at least in part be related to the fact that M145T is the first missense mutation found in DIS1 of SCN1A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007
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6. Large-scale replication and heterogeneity in Parkinson disease genetic loci

Author

Sharma, Manu, Ioannidis, John P A, Facheris, Maurizio, Klein, Christine, Djarmati, Ana, Hagenah, Johann, Lohmann, Katja, Auburger, Georg, Hilker, Rüdiger, van de Loo, Simone, Dardiotis, Efthimios, Tsimourtou, Vaia, Ralli, Styliani, Farrer, Matthew, Kountra, Persa, Patramani, Gianna, Vogiatzi, Cristina, Hattori, Nobutaka, Tomiyama, Hiroyuki, Funayama, Manabu, Yoshino, Hiroyo, Li, Yuanzhe, Imamichi, Yoko, Toda, Tatsushi, Garraux, Gaetan, Satake, Wataru, Lynch, Tim, Gibson, J Mark, Valente, Enza Maria, Ferraris, Alessandro, Dallapiccola, Bruno, Ialongo, Tamara, Brighina, Laura, Corradi, Barbara, Piolti, Roberto, Gispert, Suzana, Tarantino, Patrizia, Annesi, Ferdinanda, Jeon, Beom S, Park, Sung-Sup, Aasly, J., Opala, Grzegorz, Jasinska-Myga, Barbara, Klodowska-Duda, Gabriela, Boczarska-Jedynak, Magdalena, Tan, Eng King, Belin, Andrea Carmine, Olson, Lars, Galter, Dagmar, Westerlund, Marie, Sydow, Olof, Nilsson, Christer, Puschmann, Andreas, Lin, J. J., Maraganore, Demetrius M, Ahlskog, J Eric, Vilariño-Güell, Carles, de Andrade, Mariza, Lesnick, Timothy G, Rocca, Walter A, Checkoway, Harvey, Ross, Owen A, Wszolek, Zbigniew K, Uitti, Ryan J, Hadjigeorgiou, Georgios M, Hicks, Andrew A, Jeon, Beom, Aasly, Jan O, Lesage, Suzanne, Lill, Christina M, Lin, Juei-Jueng, Lynch, Timothy, Lichtner, Peter, Lang, Anthony E, Mok, Vincent, Mellick, George D, Morrison, Karen E, Annesi, Grazia, Pramstaller, Peter P, Pichler, Irene, Park, Sung Sup, Quattrone, Aldo, Rogaeva, Ekaterina, Stefanis, Leonidas, Stockton, Joanne D, Brice, Alexis, Silburn, Peter A, Theuns, Jessie, Tan, Eng-King, Wirdefeldt, Karin, Wszolek, Zbigniew, Xiromerisiou, Georgia, Yueh, Kuo-Chu, Van Broeckhoven, Christine, Zhao, Yi, Gasser, Thomas, Maraganore, Demetrius, Krüger, Rejko, Consortium, GEO-PD, Boyle, R. S., Sellbach, A., O'Sullivan, J. D., Sutherland, G. T., Siebert, G. A., Bertram, Lars, Dissanayaka, N. N. W., Crosiers, David, Pickut, Barbara, Engelborghs, Sebastiaan, Meeus, Bram, De Deyn, Peter P, Cras, Patrick, Bozi, Maria, Agid, Y., Anheim, M., Bonnet, A-M, Borg, M., Brice, A., Broussolle, E., Corvol, J. C., Damier, P., Destée, A., Dürr, A., Durif, F., Lesage, S., Lohmann, E., Pollak, P., Rascol, O., Tison, F., Tranchant, C., Viallet, F., Vidailhet, M., Clarke, Carl, Tzourio, Christophe, Amouyel, Philippe, Loriot, Marie-Anne, Mutez, Eugénie, Duflot, Aurélie, Legendre, Jean-Philippe, Waucquier, Nawal, Riess, Olaf, Berg, Daniela, Schulte, Claudia, Pathologic Biochemistry and Physiology, Pollak, Pierre, De Deyn, Peter Paul, and GEO-PD Consortium

Subjects
Male, Genotype, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Genome-wide association study, Case-control studies, Biology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Gene Frequency, genetics [Parkinson Disease], Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, ddc:610, Allele, Parkinson Disease/genetics, Allele frequency, Alleles, Genetic association, Aged, Genetics, Medicine(all), Case-control study, Parkinson Disease, Odds ratio, Middle Aged, ddc:616.8, Genetic epidemiology, Genetic Loci, Case-Control Studies, Female, Neurology (clinical), Human medicine, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Objective: Eleven genetic loci have reached genome-wide significance in a recent meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in Parkinson disease (PD) based on populations of Caucasian descent. The extent to which these genetic effects are consistent across different populations is unknown. Methods: Investigators from the Genetic Epidemiology of Parkinson9s Disease Consortium were invited to participate in the study. A total of 11 SNPs were genotyped in 8,750 cases and 8,955 controls. Fixed as well as random effects models were used to provide the summary risk estimates for these variants. We evaluated between-study heterogeneity and heterogeneity between populations of different ancestry. Results: In the overall analysis, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 9 loci showed significant associations with protective per-allele odds ratios of 0.78–0.87 ( LAMP3 , BST1 , and MAPT ) and susceptibility per-allele odds ratios of 1.14–1.43 ( STK39 , GAK , SNCA , LRRK2 , SYT11 , and HIP1R ). For 5 of the 9 replicated SNPs there was nominally significant between-site heterogeneity in the effect sizes ( I 2 estimates ranged from 39% to 48%). Subgroup analysis by ethnicity showed significantly stronger effects for the BST1 (rs11724635) in Asian vs Caucasian populations and similar effects for SNCA , LRRK2 , LAMP3 , HIP1R , and STK39 in Asian and Caucasian populations, while MAPT rs2942168 and SYT11 rs34372695 were monomorphic in the Asian population, highlighting the role of population-specific heterogeneity in PD. Conclusion: Our study allows insight to understand the distribution of newly identified genetic factors contributing to PD and shows that large-scale evaluation in diverse populations is important to understand the role of population-specific heterogeneity. Neurology ® 2012;79:659–667

7. Further evidence of genetic heterogeneity in families with autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy

Author

De Marco, Elvira V., Gambardella, Antonio, Annesi, Ferdinanda, Labate, Angelo, Carrideo, Sara, Forabosco, Paola, Civitelli, Donatella, Candiano, Innocenza C. Cirò, Tarantino, Patrizia, Annesi, Grazia, and Quattrone, Aldo

Subjects
*NICOTINIC receptors, *FRONTAL lobe epilepsy, *GENETIC polymorphisms, *CARCINOGENESIS
Abstract

Abstract: Purpose: Mutations in the genes encoding the alfa2, alfa4 and beta2 subunits of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) play a causative role in autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (ADNFLE). Moreover, variations in the promoter of the corticotropic-releasing hormone gene (CRH) were also associated with ADNFLE. Here, we investigated whether nine brain-expressed genes (CHRNA2, CHRNA3, CHRNA4, CHRNA5, CHRNA6, CHRNA7, CHRNB2, CHRNB3, CHRNB4), encoding distinct nAChR subunits, and CRH are associated with the disease in three distinct ADNFLE families from Southern Italy. Methods: There were 14 living affected individuals (9 women), ranging in age from 14 to 57 years, pertaining to three unrelated families. Age at onset of seizures clustered around 9 years of age (range from 7 and 16 years, mean: 9.1 years±3.8). All affected individuals manifested nocturnal partial seizures of frontal lobe origin, which were well controlled by medications. Exon 5 of CHRNA4 and CHRNB2 genes, harboring all the known mutations, was sequenced in the probands. Then, we performed a linkage study on 13 affected and 26 non-affected individuals belonging to the three families with microsatellite markers and an intragenic polymorphisms encompassing the chromosome localization of the nAChR subunit genes and of the CRH gene. Results: Mutational and linkage analyses allowed us to exclude the involvement of all known nAChR subunit genes and of the CRH gene in ADNFLE in our families. Conclusion: Our results further illustrate the considerable genetic heterogeneity for such a syndrome, despite the quite homogeneous clinical picture. It is therefore reasonable to hypothesize that at least another gene not belonging to the nAChR gene family, in addition to CRH, is involved in the pathogenesis of ADNFLE. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2007
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8. No evidence of association between the alpha-2 macroglobulin gene and Parkinson's disease in a case–control sample

Author

Nicoletti, Giuseppe, Annesi, Grazia, Tomaino, Carmine, Spadafora, Patrizia, Pasqua, Angela Aurora, Annesi, Ferdinanda, Serra, Paolo, Caracciolo, Manuela, Messina, Demetrio, Zappia, Mario, and Quattrone, Aldo

Subjects
*MACROGLOBULINS, *PARKINSON'S disease, *POLYMERASE chain reaction
Abstract

Alpha-2 macroglobulin (A2M) is a component of Lewy bodies, a hallmark of Parkinson''s disease (PD). In 159 PD patients and 190 normal controls, we studied two A2M polymorphisms by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method: a five-nucleotide deletion at the 5′ splice site of exon 18; and a valine to isoleucine exchange in amino acid position 1000 near the thiolester active site. No significant differences in allelic and genotypic distribution were found between cases and controls or between early and late-onset PD patients. The present data suggest that these polymorphisms do not represent a risk factor for PD and do not modulate the age at onset of PD. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2002
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