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A study was carried out to assess the genetic variability and association among yield attributing traits in 60 different safflower genotypes over six environments. The pooled analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that all attributes had a considerable degree of variation. The pooled analysis of variability parameters revealed that the phenotypic coefficients of variation (PCV) was higher than the genotypic coefficients of variation (GCV)for all of the characteristics evaluated, indicating that experimental variance contributed to total variation. Petal yield/plant and seed yield/plant had the highest PCV and GCV followed by number of capitula/plant, number of seeds/capitula, height of insertion of first branch, hundred seed weight, number of primary branches/plant, length of longest primary branches, number of secondary branches and height up to main capitula. Number of capitula/plant, seed yield/plant, petal yield/plant, height of insertion of first branch, number of seeds per capitula, hundred seed weight, number of primary branches/plant, length of the longest primary branches, number of secondary branches, height upto main capitula, capitulum diameter and plant height all had high heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean. Seedyield/plant showed positive, significant and directcorrelation with number of capitula/plant, number of seeds/capitulum, height up to the main capitulum, plant height, number of primary branches/plant, capitulum diameter, and hundred seed weight. Number of capitula/planthad the maximum direct effect on grain yield/plant followed by number of seeds/capitulum, hundred seed weight and petal yield/plant. Hence selection of these traits would improve seed and petal yield in safflower breeding program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eight parents and the 28 crosses of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.) in two segregating generations, viz., F2 and F3 were studied for their genetic variability during the rabi seasons of 2020-21 and 2021-22, respectively. Observations were recorded for six morphological characters such as plant height (cm), primary branches per plant, secondary branches per plant, siliquae per plant, 1000 seed weight (g) and seed yield per plant (g). The PCV was found to be greater than the GCV and the difference between them was high in all the characters in both F2 and F3 generations. Most of the characters revealed a medium range of GCV and PCV. Moderate heritability was expressed by all the characters except primary branches per plant in F3 generation. The Genetic Advance as a percentage of Mean (GAM) was higher in most characters except in plant height. The character plant height was found to be positively correlated with seed yield per plant in both F2 and F3 generations, with secondary branches per plant in the F3 generation and negatively correlated with primary branches per plant in F3 generation. A high direct effect on seed yield per plant was exhibited by plant height and 1000 seed weight in both F2 and F3 generations and by Secondary branches per plant in the F2 generation and Siliquae per plant in the F3 generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selection criteria is very crucial to pick up promising genotypes in a breeding program. An experiment was conducted with twenty soybean genotypes following a randomized complete block design to study the inheritable agronomic traits, their interrelation and partitioning of genotypic correlation into direct and indirect effects to identify the traits responsible for higher seed yield. Results indicated that phenotypic variance was higher than that of genotypic variance for all the characters. The highest PCV was found for the trait seed yield per plant (39.03%) followed by yield per plot (32.85%). The higher GCV was also found for the same traits-seed yield per plant (37.36%), yield per plot (27.23%). PCV and GCV was the lowest for trait days to maturity (6.28%, 4.16%) and days to flowering (3.20%, 2.24%). Estimated broad sense heritability was ranged from days to flowering (44.05%) to seed yield per plant (91.62%). Higher estimate of heritability was also observed for yield per plot (88.65%) followed by hundred seed weight (85.39%) whereas; heritability was moderate for plant height (76.75%) and pod per plant (70.17%). The genetic advance was the highest for plant height (19.39%). On the other hand, primary branch per plant, days to flowering and days to maturity showed low heritability with low GA depicts the influence of non-additive gene effect. Pod per plant, hundred seed weight, days to maturity and plant height is positively and significantly correlated with yield. Pod per plant (0.908) and hundred seed weight (0.907) showed highest direct positive effect on seed yield at genotypic level. Path analysis also confirmed highest positive direct effect of hundred seed weight (0.701). So, the present study suggests that, higher hundred seed weight and pod per plant can be effective selection measure for improvement of soybean yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research was conducted during the Rabi season of 2019-2020 on 32 genotypes of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to evaluate genetic variability, correlation coefficient and path coefficient. The genotypes were studied for 13 different characters of growth and yield attributing characters in Randomized Block Design with three replications for each genotype. All characters recorded higher PCV value over GCV thereby indicating the influence of environmental factors in their expression. High heritability observed in all the characters studied and high heritability coupled with high genetic advance found in the parameters viz. number of pods per plant, average pod weight, 100 seed weight and pod yield per plant. Correlation coefficient analysis showed pod yield had significant and positive correlation with number of pods per plant, pod length, average pod weight and 100 seed weight. Path analysis revealed that maximum positive direct effect w.r.t pod yield per plant was brought about by the parameters viz. 100 seed weight, days taken to marketable maturity, number of seeds per pod, number of pods per plant, average pod weight, pod width and pod length hence, should be given more importance for genetic improvement to bring about an increase in overall production of french bean through enhanced pod yield per plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] germplasm lines raised in simple lattice design during the kharif 2020. Genetic variability and character association were studied for thirteen morphological traits viz., days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, stem diameter, panicle length, panicle width, panicle weight, test weight, number of primary branches per panicle and seed yield per plant. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean and high GCV were noticed for plant height, panicle width, panicle weight, test weight, number of primary branches per panicle and seed yield per plant. Seed yield per plant showed a significant positive correlation with number of leaves, leaf width, stem diameter, panicle width, panicle weight, test weight and number of primary branches per panicle. Characters like number of leaves, panicle width, panicle weight and test weight exerted positive direct effect and had a significant positive correlation with seed yield per plant at both genotypic and phenotypic level. So, simple selection based on these characters would be rewarding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]