Search

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the neonicotinoid insecticide Thiacloprid on oxidative stress, genotoxic, and immunotoxic biomarkers in Galleria mellonella. The effects of neonicotinoid insecticide thiacloprid on antioxidant enzyme activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, hemocyte number, micronucleus frequency of greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella) larvae at different doses (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 µg) and periods (24, 48, 72, and 96 hrs) were explored. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased significantly at 5, 10, and 15 µg thiacloprid doses compared to the control and negative control in all periods tested, while significantly decreased at 20, 25, and 30 µg doses. Catalase (CAT) activity showed significant increases at 5, 10 and 15 µg thiacloprid doses at 24 and 96h compared to the control and negative control. MDA concentrations showed significant increases in all periods compared to the control and negative control. At 24th, 48th, 72nd and 96th, total hemocyte count (THC) decreased significantly at all doses except 5 µg thiacloprid concentration. During all the tested periods, there was a significant increase in the number of micronuclei, particularly at high doses of thiacloprid (20, 25, and 30 µg) compared to both the control and negative control. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between MDA and the number of micronuclei, while other markers showed a negative correlation with micronucleus (MN). These results suggest that high doses of thiacloprid induce significant increases in micronuclei formation and are positively correlated with MDA levels, indicating oxidative damage and genotoxicity caused by thiacloprid exposure in the tested organism. Overall, our findings suggest that the measured parameters can be considered reliable biomarkers to demonstrate oxidative damage from thiacloprid exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agriculture & Nature / Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım & Doğa Dergisi is the property of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic effects of Al2O3, Fe2O3, and Cu nanoparticles with chromosomal aberration (CA), micronucleus (MN), and comet assays on the bone marrow of male BALB/c mice. Three doses of Al2O3, Fe2O3 (75, 150, and 300 mg/kg), or Cu (5, 10, and 15 mg/kg) nanoparticles were administered to mice through intraperitoneal injection once a day for 14 days and compared with negative control (distilled water) and positive control (mitomycin C and methyl methanesulphonate). Al2O3 and Fe2O3 did not show genotoxic effects, but Cu nanoparticles induced significant (P<0.05) genotoxicity at the highest concentration compared to negative control. Our findings add to the health risk information of Al2O3, Fe2O3, and Cu nanoparticles regarding human exposure (occupational and/or through consumer products or medical treatment), and may provide regulatory reference for safe use of these nanoparticles. However, before they can be used safely and released into the environment further chronic in vivo studies are essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diazinon, a widely used pesticide, has toxic effects on non-target organisms. This study aimed to investigate the protective and healing effect of ginger against the toxicity promoted by diazinon in meristem cells with physiological, genotoxic and biochemical parameters. In addition, root meristem cell damages were examined. For this purpose, A. cepa bulbs were divided into 6 groups (control, 240 mg/L ginger, 480 mg/L ginger, 500 mg/L diazinone, 500 mg/L diazinone + 240 mg/L ginger and 500 mg/L diazinone + 480 mg/L ginger). Diazinon increased superoxide dismutase activity, catalase activity, malondialdehyde level, micronucleus frequency, chromosomal abnormality density and meristematic cell damage; but reduced the mitotic index, germination percentage, root length, weight gain. Ginger reduced all these toxicity indicators depending on the dose when administered with diazinon. This study clearly demonstrated the protective role of ginger against the toxic effects of diazinon on non-target organisms using the A. cepa model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we aimed to determine acetamipridine's (ACE) genotoxic effect in mus musculus var. albinos bone marrow cells by chromosomal aberration (CA) and micronucleus (MN) analysis. Mice were divided into four groups. Group 1 determined as negative control (NC), group 2, 3 and 4 were determined as 5 mg/kg ACE, 10 mg/kg ACE, and 15 mg/kg ACE groups respectively. ACE was given orally for 14 days. CA, mitotic index (MI) and MN frequencies were determined in femoral cells. As a result, no genotoxic effects were observed in groups treated with 5-10 mg/kg ACE compared to negative control. CA rates of 15 mg/kg ACE group was determined to be high (P<0.001). In addition, MI ratio in the 15 mg/kg ACE group was lower than the control group. When the ratios of the polychromatic erythrocyte with micronucleus were examined, no significant difference was found between the 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg ACE groups and control group. However, a statistically significant increase in MNPCE rates was observed in the 15 mg/kg ACE group compared to control ones (P<0.001). It was concluded that ACE at 15 mg/kg dose was genotoxic-cytotoxic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Cyclophosphamide (CP) is an alkylating agent widely used as an antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent. The genotoxicity of CP has been studied in a variety of in vivo and in vitro systems and is routinely used as a positive control in genotoxicity tests. Traditional medicine Nigella sativa L., (N. sativa), Ranunculaceae family, especially in the Eastern Mediterranean countries, especially in many countries, and is widely used in many countries as a spice and folk medicine since the time of Dioscorides used as a plant. In this study, it was aimed to show the protective effects of N. sativa oil at different concentrations against the genotoxic effects of CP by micronucleus test. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, healthy cells were treated in vitro with N. sativa oil at concentrations of 1, 5, 10 μg/mL and CP as positive control for 68 hours. The micronuclei were then counted. Results: No significant increase in micronucleus frequency was observed when the application of N. sativa oil at concentrations of 1, 5, 10 μg/mL compared with the negative control. There was a decrease in the number of micronucleus in all three concentrations (1, 5, 10 μg/mL) compared to the CP group in the groups treated with N. sativa oil and CP. Conclusion: It has been shown that N. sativa oil may have protective effects against genotoxicity agents in vitro. But more work is needed to understand the mechanism of the genotoxicity effects of N. sativa oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Working at the chromosomal level of DNA damage is the mainstay of the genetic toxicology researches. The micronucleus assay is one of the developed methods to evaluate chromosomal damage. Micronuclei are non-centromeric chromosomes/chromatids fragments, or chromosomes/chromatids which lagging in the anaphase and cannot migrate to the poles, located in the cytoplasm without being included in the sister cell nuclei and surrounded by cell membranes in telophase. In this method, besides micronuclei, nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) and nuclear buds (NBUDs) can be evaluated, cell death and nuclear division index (NDI) can be measured. NPBs originated from the centromeres of dicentric chromosomes migrating to different poles, are indicative of DNA mis-repair, chromosome rearrangement, telomere end-fusions. NBUDs are considered as markers of gene amplification and/or altered gene dosage. In addition to NDI, establishing to necrotic and apoptotic cells may allow the determination of mitotic activity and cytotoxicity. All these analysed parameters have transformed micronucleus method into "cytome" assay by which chromosomal instability phenotypes and altered cellular viability caused by genetic defects, nutritional deficiencies, genotoxins from exogenous sources can be measured comprehensively. In this review, the place and importance of micronucleus method in genotoxicity studies and the innovations caused by the cytome approach are mentioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pesticide exposure may cause genotoxic effects by inducing the formation of micronucleus (Mn). Mn are fragments of chromosomes that remains after cells division. The increase in Mn may increase the risk of cancer formation. Our study aimed to determine the effects of lifestyle and pesticide exposure on the formation of Mn in epithelial cells from buccal swabs among paddy farmers in Malaysia. About 40 farmers who were exposed to pesticides were chosen as subjects and 30 personnels whose not directly exposed to pesticides, were chosen as the control group. Demographic and anthropometric data were obtained from questionnaires developed. Analysis of Mn formation was done using Giemsa staining (10% v/v) and the frequency of Mn formation was scored from 1000 cells per sample. Kruskal-Wallis test done between Mn frequency with age group showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in Mn frequency in farmers as compared to the control in the age group of 30-39, 40-49 years, and 50-59 years. Significant increased (p < 0.05) were observed between Mn frequency groups of normal BMI, pre-obese, and grade 1 obese as compared to control. Significant increase of Mn frequency (p < 0.01) was also seen among smokers and farmer's group (15.39 ± 3.34) as compared to controls (4.76 ± 1.26). The maximum numbers of Mn found in farmers are 7 Mn per cell whereas for control group is only 3 Mn. However, most farmers had only 1 Mn (81.75 ± 6.42%) and 2 Mn (15.28 ± 5.14%). Mn frequency with the duration of exposure to pesticides in a month and the use of PPE revealed no significant difference (p = 0.27). In conclusion, the increased frequency of Mn was influenced by age, gender, BMI and smoking status of farmers besides commonly repeated duration of exposures and the use of PPE. Further studies are needed to analyze the causes of an increased in Mn among farmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Formic acid is an ubiquitous chemical constituent in the environment, being produced by sources as diverse as vegetation, ants, soil, vehicles, biomass burning, and photochemical reactions. The present work is focused on in vitro analysis of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of formic acid, using cytogenetic tests such as the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay (CBMN) and chromosomal aberration analysis, in human lymphocytes. Method: This study was carried out using blood samples from healthy, non-smoking adults aged 18-22 years, of whom 10 were male and 6 were famale. Different concentrations (0.07, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.8 mM) of formic acid was added to the lymphocyte culture test for chromosomal aberration (CA) analysis. Mitomycin-C (0.3 mg/ml) was used as the positive control. Human peripheral blood lymphocyte cells were treated with 20, 40, 60, 80 mM concentrations of formic acid for 48 h. for the CBMN test. Mitomycin-C (0.5 mg/ml) was added to the Lymphocyte culture as a positive control. The present research was carried out to assess the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of formic acid on human peripheral lymphocytes in vitro using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay (CBMN), as well as chromosomal aberration (CA) analysis. Results: A significant increase was observed for induction of micronucleus frequency in all treatments of formic acid concentrations for 48 h. comparing with the negative control and mitomycin C (MMC, 0.5 μg/ml) which was used as positive control. When compared with negative control and with mitomycin C (MMC, 0.3 μg/ml) which is used as positive control, it is observed that formic acid is rising the frequency of chromosomal aberration significantly at all appliance concantrations in 24 h. The frequency of micronuclei and chromosomal aberrations increased in a dose dependent manner. The results showed that there were significant correlations between formic acid concentration and micronuclei frequency (r= 0.92), numbers of necrotic cells (r= 0.95), and apoptotic cells (r= 0.91). Conclusion: Our data provided evidence that there is a significant correlation between the concentration of formic acid and the following chromosomal aberrations: frequency of micronuclei, apoptotic cells, and necrotic cells in vitro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strontium is a naturally occurring element that exists in the environment mainly as a free metal or in the (II) oxidation state. In this study, rats were treated by gavage with 500 mg/kg of strontium ranelate dissolved in saline three times per week for 12 weeks (chronic treatment) and 24 hours (acute treatment). The genotoxic potential of strontium ranelate was investigated in Wistar rat peripheral blood, using the micronucleus (MN) test systems. In addition to this test system, we also investigated the ratio of polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) to normochromatic erythrocytes (NCEs) as a cytotoxicity marker. Strontium ranelate induced micronucleus formation in peripheral blood and bone marrow of rats. It is determined that strontium ranelate has cytotoxic effect on peripheral blood cell population upon both acute and chronic treatment (p<0.001). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present research was to investigate the genotoxic potency of benzoyl peroxide (BPO), a whitener of flour and cheese, using in vitro sister chromatid exchange (SCE), chromosome aberration (CA), and micronucleus (MN) tests in human peripheral lymphocytes. Cells were exposed to 25, 50, 75, and 100 μg/mL concentrations of BPO for 24 and 48 h. BPO induced SCEs only at the highest concentration (100 μg/mL) for 48 h treatment. Furthermore, BPO induced CAs at 75 and 100 μg/mL concentrations for 24 h treatment, and at all concentrations for 48 h treatment. BPO induced CAs in a dose-dependent manner for 24 and 48 h treatment periods. Increased level of MN formation induced by BPO was only observed for the 48 h treatment period at the 2 highest concentrations (75 and 100 μg/mL). Statistically significant reductions in the proliferation index (PI) and mitotic index (MI) were only detected in cultures for the 48-h treatment period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the town of Settat has seen a considerable industrial growth, which has resulted in increased environmental pollution. This includes pollution by household and industrial wastewaters, which are released into the Boumoussa River without any preliminary treatment. The river valley crosses the community of Mzamza 8 km to the north of the town. Years of drought forced members of the community to use this polluted ground water for irrigation and put themselves and the environment at risk. The aim of this study was to determine the physicochemical and metal profile of Settat wastewaters and to assess their impact on the water table. The second objective was to investigate the genotoxic potential of wastewater on human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro, using the micronucleus test and cellular proliferation index. This study demonstrated significant pollution of Boumoussa valley groundwater and of the local wells. Sampled water induced a clear increase in the frequency of micronucleated cells and a lower cell proliferation in human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]