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AIM: To share the results of a national screening program for amblyopia in school children in the north of Jordan. METHODS: This is a prospective national screening study for amblyopia. The program rolls first and second-grade children (6 to 7 years old) in the north of Jordan. The eye examination included: best-corrected visual acuity, cover-uncover test, and cycloplegic retinoscopy. Monocular visual acuity was tested using an ETDRS visual acuity chart without correction. Moreover, children were tested with full cycloplegic refraction when the test criteria were met. Unilateral amblyopia was defined as a best-corrected visual acuity difference of 2 or more lines. In comparison, bilateral amblyopia was defined as a best-corrected visual acuity of 20/40 or worse in the best eye. RESULTS: The prevalence of amblyopia for the total sample tested (n=17 203) was 2.78% (n=479). The most common cause of amblyopia was hypermetropia (64.45%), followed by previous ocular surgeries (15.1%), myopia (10.43%), strabismus (9.39%), and congenital cataract (0.63%). CONCLUSION: This is the first and only study, identi?ng modifiable risk factors in Jordanian children with amblyopia. In their first couple of years of elementary education, many Jordanian children are affected by amblyopia and pass unnoticed. A more governmental effort is needed into screening programs to improve vision in the Jordanian population.

AIM: To evaluate the visual, refractive and clinical outcomes of non-topography-guided photorefractive keratectomy(PRK)and corneal collagen cross linking(CXL)in eyes with keratoconus.METHODS: Totally 34 cases were evaluated for uncorrected distance visual acuities(UDVA)and corrected distance visual acuities(CDVA), flat and steep keratometry readings, and complications were evaluated at 1mo, 3mo, 6mo and 12mo postoperatively.RESULTS: Thirty-four patients with mean age of 23.3±4.0 years. Statistically significant improvement was shown in UCVA and CDVA, with steadiness of refection for 1y postoperative. T-test showed a significant difference(PCONCLUSION: Simultaneous non-topography-guided PRK and CXL is safe and effective surgical alternative for keratoconus, yielding improvement in the UDVA, CDVA, and refractive status. Stabilization was achieved as early as 3mo after surgery, the only advantage of topography-guided over non-topography-guided PRK might be the minimal over correction of sphere and the cylindrical axis shift in some patients as detected by Fourier analysis of postoperative pentacam.

Introduction To evaluate the efficacy of pattern laser trabeculoplasty (PLT) as a treatment for lower intraocular pressure among patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. Methods Cohort case study has been used as the study design. A total of 85 patients with bilateral open-angle glaucoma underwent bilateral pattern laser trabeculoplasty (PLT) to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP). The initial and consequent intraocular pressure of all the patients was evaluated at 3 months and 6 months. IOP results were compared before treatment and after 3 and 6 months of receiving treatment, using the paired T-test. Results The average intraocular pressure in the right eye was decreased from the pre-treatment level at 22.1 mm hg (+/− 0.78) to 18.8 mm hg (+/− 0.83), after six months following the treatment. It represented a 14.9% reduction of average intraocular pressure, which is statistically significant with a P- value 0.036, using Paired T-Test. On the contrary, the average intraocular pressure in the left eye decreased from the pre-treatment level at 22.7 mm hg (+/− 0.62) to 19.2 mm hg (+/− 0.80), representing 15.4% reduction of the average intraocular pressure. Conclusion The results have shown that pattern laser trabeculoplasty is a potential useful tool in treating open angle glaucoma.

Purpose To assess the long-term role of bevacizumab (Avastin; Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA) in inflammatory ocular neovascularization. Design Retrospective multicenter consecutive case series of inflammatory ocular neovascularization. Methods settings: Multicenter institutional and private practices. study population: Patients with inflammatory ocular neovascularization in one or both eyes of varying etiologies who failed standard therapy. intervention: Intravitreal injection of bevacizumab. main outcome measures: Improvement of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) expressed as logarithm of minimal angle of resolution (logMAR), and decrease in central foveal thickness as measured by optical coherence tomography at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of follow-up. Results Mean logMAR BCVA (central foveal thickness) following intravitreal bevacizumab was as follows: baseline, 0.65 (6/27 or 20/90) (338 μm; 99 eyes of 96 patients); 6 months, 0.42 (6/16 or 20/53) (239 μm; 2.0 injections; 81 eyes); 12 months, 0.39 (6/15 or 20/49) (241 μm; 2.3 injections; 95 eyes); 18 months, 0.40 (6/15 or 20/50) (261 μm; 3.0 injections; 46 eyes); and 24 months, 0.34 (6/13 or 20/44) (265 μm; 3.6 injections; 27 eyes). Paired comparisons revealed significant visual improvement at 6 months of 2.4 lines ( P = .000), at 12 months of 2.5 lines ( P = .000), at 18 months of 2.5 lines ( P = .001), and at 24 months of 2.2 lines ( P = .013). Paired comparisons revealed significant central foveal flattening at 6 months of 78 μm ( P = .000), at 12 months of 85 μm ( P = .000), at 18 months of 90 μm ( P = .003), and at 24 months of 77 μm ( P = .022). Three eyes developed submacular fibrosis and 1 eye submacular hemorrhage. Conclusion Intravitreal bevacizumab led in the long-term to significant mean visual improvement of ≥2.2 lines and significant foveal flattening in a wide variety of inflammatory ocular diseases without major complications.

Orbital complications due to ethmoiditis are rare in neonates. A case of orbital abscess due to acute ethmoiditis in a 28-day-old girl is presented. A Successful outcome was achieved following antimicrobial therapy alone; spontaneous drainage of the abscess occurred from the lower lid without the need for surgery. From this case report, we intend to emphasize on eyelid retraction as a sign of neonatal orbital abscess, and to review all the available literature of similar cases.

Impalement injuries to the head and neck are quite rare, commonly lethal, and vision threatening when involving the orbit. Here, a case of impalement injury involving a steel bar to the neck and left orbit with full visual recovery is presented. The bar was removed, leaving non-displaced fractures of the floor of the left orbit and ethmoid bone. The disinserted left medial rectus was resutured. The perforated upper eyelid was sutured. The patient ended with mild ptosis.